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Cram Competition Drivers
Cram may refer to: * Cram (surname), a surname, and list of notable persons having the surname * Cram.com, a website for creating and sharing flashcards * ''Cram'' (Australian game show), a television show * ''Cram'' (game show), a TV game show that aired on the Game Show Network * Cram (game), an impartial mathematical game similar to domineering * Cram (software), a flashcard application for Apple devices * Cram Motorsport, an auto racing team based in Italy CRAM may refer to: * NCR CRAM, Card Random-Access Memory, a computer memory technology developed by NCR * Chalcogenide RAM, Chalcogenide random access memory, a phase-change computer memory technology * Challenge–response authentication mechanism, a computer security procedure * Counter-RAM, counter-rockets, artillery and mortars, a weapons system * MS-CRAM, also known as Microsoft Video 1, a codec * CRAM diet, a cereal, rice, and milk diet * CRAM (file format), a compressed genome sequence alignment file See also * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cram (surname)
Cram is a surname, and may refer to * Alastair Cram (1909–1994), Scottish mountaineer, lawyer and Second World War British Army officer * Allen Gilbert Cram (1886–1947), American painter * Bobby Cram (1939–2007), English footballer * Cleveland Cram (1917–1999), American CIA station chief and historian * Donald J. Cram (1919–2001), Nobel Prize–winning American chemist * Edith Claire Cram (1880–1960), American peace activist and heiress * Eloise Blaine Cram (1896–1957), American parasitologist * George F. Cram (1842–1928), American map publisher * George Henry Cram (1838–1872), Union Army colonel during the American Civil War * Holly Cram (born 1984), Scottish field hockey player * Jerry Cram (born 1947), American former baseball pitcher and coach * Mildred Cram (1889–1985), American writer * Ralph Adams Cram (1863–1942), American architect * Ralph W. Cram (1869–1952), American newspaper publisher and aviator * Scott Cram (born 1977), Australian-born former Sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MS-CRAM
Microsoft Video 1 or MS-CRAM is an early lossy video compression and decompression algorithm (codec) that was released with version 1.0 of Microsoft's Video for Windows in November 1992. It is based on MotiVE, a vector quantization codec which Microsoft licensed from Media Vision. In 1993, Media Vision marketed the Pro Movie Spectrum, an ISA board that captured video in both raw and MSV1 formats (the MSV1 processing was done in hardware on the board). Compression algorithm Microsoft Video 1 operates either in an 8-bit palettized color space or in a 15-bit RGB color space. Each frame is split into 4×4 pixel blocks. Each 4×4 pixel block can be coded in one of three modes: skip, 2-color or 8-color. In skip mode, the content from the previous frame is copied to the current frame in a conditional replenishment fashion. In 2-color mode, two colors per 4×4 block are transmitted, and 1 bit per pixel is used to select between the two colors. In 8-color mode, the same scheme applie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kram (other)
Kram may refer to: * KRAM, a defunct radio station once licensed to serve West Klamath, Oregon, United States * KRAM-LP, a radio station (96.7 FM) licensed to serve Montevideo, Minnesota, United States * Kram (musician), the stage name for Mark Maher, a member of Australian band Spiderbait * ''Kram'' (novel), a novel by Hans-Eric Hellberg * Kram, a term for surnames among Kashmiris Kashmiris () also known as Koshurs are an Indo-Aryan peoples, Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group speaking the Kashmiri language and originating from the Kashmir Valley, which is today located in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir (union terr ... See also * * Le Kram, a town in Tunisia * Cram (other) * Karm (other) {{Disambiguation, callsign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C-RAM (other)
C-RAM, short for counter rocket, artillery, and mortar, is a set of systems used to detect and/or destroy incoming rockets, artillery, and mortar rounds in the air. C-RAM may also refer to: * Centurion C-RAM, American air defense artillery system * Chalcogenide RAM, an alternative name for phase-change memory * Computational RAM, random access memory with integrated processing elements See also * CRAM (other) {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CRAMM
{{More citations needed, date=September 2022 CRAMM (CCTA Risk Analysis and Management Method) is a risk management methodology, currently on its fifth version, CRAMM Version 5.0. History CRAMM was created in 1987 by the Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA), now renamed into Cabinet Office, of the United Kingdom government. Methodology CRAMM comprises three stages, each supported by objective questionnaires and guidelines. The first two stages identify and analyze the risks to the system. The third stage recommends how these risks should be managed. The three stages of CRAMM are as follows: Stage 1 The establishment of the objectives for security by: * Defining the boundary for the study for Risk Assessment * Identifying and valuing the physical assets that form part of the system; * Determining the 'value' of the data held by interviewing users about the potential business impacts that could arise from unavailability, destruction, disclosure or modification; * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cramming (fraud)
Cramming is a form of fraud in which small charges are added to a bill by a third party without the subscriber's consent, approval, authorization or disclosure. These may be disguised as a tax, some other common fee or a bogus service, and may be several dollars or even just a few cents. The crammer's intent is that the subscriber will overlook and ultimately pay these small charges without challenging their legitimacy or inquiring further. According to the U.S. National Association of Attorneys General, cramming was the 4th most common consumer complaint of 2007 in the United States. Types There are various forms of cramming. Phone cramming Phone cramming is the practice of placing unauthorized charges on a telecommunication subscriber's home or mobile telephone bill. Cramming is most common in the US, where the breakup of the Bell System left subscribers with different vendors for local and long-distance service. LEC billing consolidated charges from multiple vendors on on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cramming (education)
In education, cramming is the practice of working intensively to absorb large volumes of information in short amounts of time. It is also known as massed learning. It is often done by students in preparation for upcoming exams, especially just before them. Usually the student's priority is to obtain shallow recall suited to a superficial examination protocol, rather than to internalize the deep structure of the subject matter. Cramming is often discouraged by educators because the hurried coverage of material tends to result in poor long-term retention of material, a phenomenon often referred to as the spacing effect. Despite this, educators nevertheless widely persist in the use of superficial examination protocols, because these questions are easier to compose, quicker (and therefore cheaper for the institution) to grade, and objective on their own terms. When cramming, one attempts to focus only on studies and to forgo unnecessary actions or habits. In contrast with cramming ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CRAM (file Format)
Compressed Reference-oriented Alignment Map (CRAM) is a compressed columnar file format for storing biological sequences aligned to a reference sequence, initially devised by Markus Hsi-Yang Fritz ''et al''. CRAM was designed to be an efficient reference-based alternative to the Sequence Alignment Map (SAM) and Binary Alignment Map (BAM) file formats. It optionally uses a genomic reference to describe differences between the aligned sequence fragments and the reference sequence, reducing storage costs. Additionally each column in the SAM format is separated into its own blocks, improving compression ratio. CRAM files typically vary from 30 to 60% smaller than BAM, depending on the data held within them. Implementations of CRAM exist in htsjdk, , JBrowse, and Scramble. The file format specification is maintained by the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) with the specification document available from the EBI cram toolkit page. File format The basic structu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CRAM Diet
A bland diet is a diet consisting of foods that are generally soft, low in dietary fiber, cooked rather than raw, and not spicy. It is an eating plan that emphasizes foods that are easy to digest. It is commonly recommended for people recovering from surgery, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, or other conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Such a diet is called bland because it is soothing to the digestive tract; it minimizes irritation of tissues. It can also be bland in the sense of "lacking flavor", but it does not always have to be so; nonirritating food can be appetizing food, depending on preparation and individual preferences. Uses Bland diets are often recommended following stomach or intestinal surgery, or for people with conditions such as ulcers, acid reflux (GERD), gastritis, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gastroenteritis and gas. A bland diet allows the digestive tract to heal before introducing foods that are more difficult to digest. A bland di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counter-RAM
Counter rocket, artillery, and mortar, abbreviated C-RAM or counter-RAM, is a set of systems used to detect and/or destroy incoming rocket artillery, rockets, artillery, and mortar (weapon), mortars before they hit their targets, or provide early warning. Types United States: Land Phalanx Weapon System The 20mm Land-Based Phalanx C-RAM, Phalanx Weapon System (also called Centurion C-RAM) is a land-based variant of the U.S. Navy's Phalanx CIWS, Phalanx close-in weapon system, a radar-controlled rapid-fire gun for close-in protection of vessels from missiles. Both use a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) camera to allow their operators to visually identify incoming fire before opening fire. But while naval Phalanx systems fire tungsten armor-piercing rounds, the C-RAM uses the M-940 20mm MPT-SD Round, 20mm HEIT-SD (high-explosive incendiary tracer, self-destruct) ammunition, originally developed for the M163 Vulcan Air Defense System. These rounds explode on impact with the targ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cram
Cram may refer to: * Cram (surname), a surname, and list of notable persons having the surname * Cram.com, a website for creating and sharing flashcards * ''Cram'' (Australian game show), a television show * ''Cram'' (game show), a TV game show that aired on the Game Show Network * Cram (game), an impartial mathematical game similar to domineering * Cram (software), a flashcard application for Apple devices * Cram Motorsport, an auto racing team based in Italy CRAM may refer to: * NCR CRAM, Card Random-Access Memory, a computer memory technology developed by NCR * Chalcogenide RAM, Chalcogenide random access memory, a phase-change computer memory technology * Challenge–response authentication mechanism, a computer security procedure * Counter-RAM, counter-rockets, artillery and mortars, a weapons system * MS-CRAM, also known as Microsoft Video 1, a codec * CRAM diet, a cereal, rice, and milk diet * CRAM (file format), a compressed genome sequence alignment file See also * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Challenge–response Authentication
In computer security, challenge-response authentication is a family of protocols in which one party presents a question ("challenge") and another party must provide a valid answer ("response") to be authentication, authenticated. The simplest example of a challenge-response protocol is password authentication, where the challenge is asking for the password and the valid response is the correct password. An Adversary (cryptography), adversary who can Network eavesdropping, eavesdrop on a password authentication can authenticate themselves by reusing the intercepted password. One solution is to issue multiple passwords, each of them marked with an identifier. The verifier can then present an identifier, and the prover must respond with the correct password for that identifier. Assuming that the passwords are chosen independently, an adversary who intercepts one challenge-response message pair has no clues to help with a different challenge at a different time. For example, when ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
