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Copelandia Tropica
''Copelandia'' is a now Deprecation, deprecated genus of mushrooms consisting of at least 12 species. Many American mycologists previously placed members of ''Panaeolus'' which stain blue into ''Copelandia'', whilst European mycologists generally used the name ''Panaeolus'' instead. Now all mushrooms previously categorised under ''Copelandia'' are universally classified in ''Panaeolus''. The genus ''Copelandia'' was created as a subgenus of ''Panaeolus'' by Abbé Giacomo Bresadola (1847–1929) in honor of Edwin Bingham Copeland (1873–1964), an American who gathered fungi in the Philippines and sent some collections to Bresadola. ''Copelandia'' species are white to gray or tan, usually with long, thin fragile stem and are delicate. They are found in the tropics and neotropics of both hemispheres, growing in grasslands, on dead moss, dead grass, sand dunes, decayed wood, and Feces, dung. Blue staining on the caps and stems can often be observed where the mushroom has been bruise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copelandia Bispora
''Panaeolus bisporus'', also known as Copelandia bisporus is a rare and widely distributed little brown mushroom that bruises blue and contains the psychedelic compound psilocybin. This mushroom is similar macroscopically to '' Panaeolus tropicalis'', '' Panaeolus cambodginiensis'' and ''Panaeolus cyanescens'', but can be differentiated using a microscope by its two spored basidia. Description This is a little brown mushroom that grows on dung and has black spores. It has been found in Hawaii, Southern California, North Africa, Spain and Switzerland. The cap is 15-30 mm tan to gray fading to black sometimes when covered with spores and with a defined ring zone somewhat globe shaped or bell shaped to convex, hardly expanding, margin often torn and pedaled, smooth not viscid, and slightly wrinkled and pitted with age. Dark grey-brown drying whitish. The gills are adnexed or narrowly attachedtightly packed, mottled gray to jet black, white edges. The stem is white, fibrous, 6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocin
Psilocin, also known as 4-hydroxy-''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (4-HO-DMT), is a substituted tryptamine alkaloid and a serotonergic psychedelic. It is present in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counterpart psilocybin. Psilocybin, as well as synthetic esters such as 4-AcO-DMT (psilacetin; ''O''-acetylpsilocin) and 4-PrO-DMT (''O''-propionylpsilocin), are prodrugs of psilocin. Acting on the serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, psilocin's psychedelic effects are directly correlated with the drug's occupancy at these receptor sites. It also interacts with other serotonin receptors and targets. The subjective mind-altering effects of psilocin are highly variable in their qualitative nature but resemble those of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and ''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Psilocin is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. Uses Psilocin is used recreationally, spirituality or shamanically, and medically. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copelandia Tirunelveliensis
''Copelandia'' is a now deprecated genus of mushrooms consisting of at least 12 species. Many American mycologists previously placed members of '' Panaeolus'' which stain blue into ''Copelandia'', whilst European mycologists generally used the name ''Panaeolus'' instead. Now all mushrooms previously categorised under ''Copelandia'' are universally classified in ''Panaeolus''. The genus ''Copelandia'' was created as a subgenus of ''Panaeolus'' by Abbé Giacomo Bresadola (1847–1929) in honor of Edwin Bingham Copeland (1873–1964), an American who gathered fungi in the Philippines and sent some collections to Bresadola. ''Copelandia'' species are white to gray or tan, usually with long, thin fragile stem and are delicate. They are found in the tropics and neotropics of both hemispheres, growing in grasslands, on dead moss, dead grass, sand dunes, decayed wood, and dung. Blue staining on the caps and stems can often be observed where the mushroom has been bruised due to psilocin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaston Guzman
Gaston is a masculine given name of French origin and a surname. The name "Gaston" may refer to: People First name * Gaston I, Count of Foix (1287–1315) * Gaston II, Count of Foix (1308–1343) * Gaston III, Count of Foix (1331–1391) * Gaston IV, Count of Foix (1422–1472) * Gaston I, Viscount of Béarn (died circa 980) * Gaston II, Viscount of Béarn (circa 951 – 1012) * Gaston III, Viscount of Béarn (died on or before 1045) * Gaston IV, Viscount of Béarn (died 1131) * Gaston V, Viscount of Béarn (died 1170) * Gaston VI, Viscount of Béarn (1173–1214) * Gaston VII, Viscount of Béarn (1225–1290) * Gaston of Foix, Prince of Viana (1444–1470) * Gaston, Count of Marsan (1721–1743) *Gaston, Duke of Orléans (1608–1660), French nobleman * Gastón Acurio (born 1967), Peruvian chef * Gaston Bachelard (1884–1962), French philosopher * Gaston Balande (1880–1971), French painter and illustrator * Gaston Borch (1871–1926), French composer, arranger, conductor, cel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copelandia Lentisporus
''Panaeolus lentisporus'' is a species of psychoactive mushroom belonging to the genus ''Panaeolus'', and classified under the family Bolbitiaceae. It is native to Papua New Guinea and some parts of Asia. The fungus was first described by E. Gerhardt in 1996. It is very similar to '' Panaeolus affinis,'' and should not be confused with it. Description The fungal species lives on rotting wood, and has unique spores which distinguish it from '' P. affinis.'' The spores are flattened, and wider than they are long when observing them in face view. They are also darker than the spores of the other species similar to it. Otherwise the species present as almost identical. Presence of psilocybin ''Panaeolus lentisporus'' contains a chemical compound called psilocybin, which is known to cause hallucination and distortion of reality when ingested. For this reason, this species of mushroom is often used as a psychoactive drug A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, mind-altering ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christopher Edmund Broome
Christopher Edmund Broome (24 July 1812 – 15 November 1886) was a British mycologist. Background and education C.E. Broome was born in Berkhamsted, the son of a solicitor. He was privately schooled in Kensington and in 1832 was sent to read for Holy Orders with the curate of Swaffham Prior in Cambridgeshire. "Conscientious scruples" prevented him from entering the ministry, however, and later the same year he enrolled at Trinity Hall, Cambridge where he completed his degree in 1836. He married Charlotte Horman the following year and the couple lived at Rudloe Cottage, near Box, then at Wraxall Lodge, Clifton, and finally (in 1848) at Elmhurst, near Batheaston, where he remained for the rest of his life. Researches in mycology Broome became interested in natural history whilst at Swaffham Prior and later, with his friend G.H.K. Thwaites, in Clifton. He developed an expertise in fungi, sending many of his collections to the Rev. M.J. Berkeley. Together, Berkeley and Broome p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miles Joseph Berkeley
Miles Joseph Berkeley (1 April 1803 – 30 July 1889) was an English cryptogamist and clergyman, and one of the founders of the science of plant pathology. Life Berkeley was born at Biggin Hall, Benefield, Northamptonshire, and educated at Rugby School and Christ's College, Cambridge. Taking holy orders, he became incumbent of Apethorpe in 1837, and vicar of Sibbertoft, near Market Harborough, in 1868. He acquired an enthusiastic love of cryptogamic botany (lichens) in his early years, and soon was recognized as the leading British authority on fungi and plant pathology. Christ's College made him an honorary fellow in 1883. He was well known as a systematist in mycology with some 6000 species of fungi being credited to him, but his ''Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany'', published in 1857, and his papers on Vegetable Pathology in the ''Gardener's Chronicle'' in 1854 and onwards, show that he had a broad grasp of the whole domain of physiology and morphology as understood ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panaeolus Cyanescens
''Panaeolus cyanescens'', commonly known as the blue-staining panaeolus, is a mushroom in the Bolbitiaceae family. It is a common psychoactive mushroom. Description The cap is across, dry, at first hemispheric, expanding to campanulate or convex, with an incurved margin when young. Young caps start out light brown and fade to off-white or light gray at maturity, sometimes with yellowish or brownish tones. Often developing cracks in dry weather, slightly hygrophanous, turning greenish or blue where damaged. The gills are broadly adnate to adnexed, close, starting out gray and turning black as the spores mature. The gill faces have a mottled appearance and the edges are white. The spore print is black. The stipe is 6–12 cm long by 2 to 4 mm thick, equal to slightly enlarged at the base, pruinose, colored like the cap, staining somewhat blue where bruised. The taste and odor are farinaceous. Microscopic features The spores are jet black, 12–15 x 7–11&nbs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copelandia Chlorocystis
''Copelandia'' is a now deprecated genus of mushrooms consisting of at least 12 species. Many American mycologists previously placed members of '' Panaeolus'' which stain blue into ''Copelandia'', whilst European mycologists generally used the name ''Panaeolus'' instead. Now all mushrooms previously categorised under ''Copelandia'' are universally classified in ''Panaeolus''. The genus ''Copelandia'' was created as a subgenus of ''Panaeolus'' by Abbé Giacomo Bresadola (1847–1929) in honor of Edwin Bingham Copeland (1873–1964), an American who gathered fungi in the Philippines and sent some collections to Bresadola. ''Copelandia'' species are white to gray or tan, usually with long, thin fragile stem and are delicate. They are found in the tropics and neotropics of both hemispheres, growing in grasslands, on dead moss, dead grass, sand dunes, decayed wood, and dung. Blue staining on the caps and stems can often be observed where the mushroom has been bruised due to psilocin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copelandia Cambodginiensis
''Panaeolus cambodginiensis'' is a potent hallucinogenic mushroom that contains psilocybin and psilocin. It was described in 1979 as ''Copelandia cambodginiensis''. Description The cap is less than 23 mm across, with a convex shape and an incurved margin when young, expanding to broadly convex. The cap surface is smooth, often cracking with irregular fissures. The gills are gray to black. The stem is tall, 4 mm thick, and slightly swollen at the base. The spores are black, shaped like lemons, smooth, measuring 11 x 8 μm. The entire mushroom quickly bruises blue where it is handled. It can be differentiated from the similar ''Panaeolus cyanescens'' by microscopic characteristics. Distribution and habitat ''Panaeolus cambodginiensis'' is mushroom that grows on dung of water buffalo. It was first described from Cambodia and is widespread throughout the Asian subtropics and Hawaii. Alkaloid content Strongly bluing species. Merlin and Allen (1993) reported the prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copelandia Affinis
''Panaeolus affinis'' is a species of psychoactive mushroom belonging to the genus ''Panaeolus'' and is classified under the order Agaricales . Before the name of the species was changed in 1996, it was known as ''Copelandia affinis.'' The mushroom was first observed in 1980 by E. Horak. The mushroom contains the chemicals psilocybin and psilocin Psilocin, also known as 4-hydroxy-''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (4-HO-DMT), is a substituted tryptamine alkaloid and a serotonergic psychedelic. It is present in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counterpart psilocy ..., which cause hallucinations and distorted perception of reality when ingested. Drug use and ingestion Although ''Panaeolus affinis'' is edible, it causes psychological effects if ingested due to the presence of the psilocybin. Because of this, it has been used by various cultures for shamanistic rituals and spiritual ceremonies, as well as recreationally to induce hallucination. Refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
