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Competence
Broad concept article: *Competence (polyseme), capacity or ability to perform effectively Competence or competency may also refer to: *Competence (human resources), ability of a person to do a job properly **Competence-based management, performance-oriented organizational operation **Core competency, management concept of identifying the basis of competitiveness in an industry *Competency-based learning, framework for teaching and assessment of learning *Social competence, social, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral skills needed for successful social adaptation **Cultural competence, set of behaviours or social skills **Cross-cultural competence, set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that enables effective work in cross-cultural situations **Cultural competence in healthcare, health care services that are sensitive and responsive to the needs of diverse cultures *Competence (law), ability to understand the nature and effect of the act in which the person is engaged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Competence (polyseme)
Competence (also called ''competency'' or ''capability''Leonard-Barton, Dorothy. (1992). ''doi:10.1002/smj.4250131009, Core capabilities and core rigidities: A paradox in managing new product development.'' Strategic Management Journal. Vol. 13.) is a Polysemy, polyseme indicating a variety of different notions. In current literature, three notions are most evident. The first notion is that of a general competence, which is someone's capacity or ability to perform effectively on a specified set of Behavior, behavioral attributes (e.g. performances, skills, attitudes, tasks, roles, talents, and so forth).Arifin, M. A. (2021). Competence, Competency, and Competencies: A Misunderstanding in Theory and Practice for Future Reference.' International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. pp. 755–764. The second notion refers to someone's capacity or ability to successfully perform a specific behavioral attribute — be it overt or covert — like learning a lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Competence In Healthcare
Cultural competence in healthcare refers to the ability of healthcare professionals to effectively understand and respect patients' diverse values, beliefs, and feelings. This process includes consideration of the individual social, cultural, and psychological needs of patients for effective cross-cultural communication with their health care providers. The goal of cultural competence in health care is to reduce health disparities and to provide optimal care to patients regardless of their race, gender, ethnic background, native language, and religious or cultural beliefs. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s culture is better than others. This is a bias that is easy to overlook which is why it is important that healthcare workers are aware of this possible bias so they can learn how to dismantle it. Cultural competency training is important in health care fields where human interaction is common, including medicine, nursing, allied health, mental health, social work, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Competence
Social competence consists of social, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral skills needed for successful social adaptation. Social competence also reflects having the ability to take another's perspective concerning a situation, learn from past experiences, and apply that learning to the changes in social interactions. Social competence is the foundation upon which expectations for future interaction with others are built and perceptions of an individual's own behavior are developed. Social competence frequently encompasses social skills, social communication, and interpersonal communication. Competence is directly connected to social behavior, such as social motives, abilities, skills, habits, and knowledge. All of these social factors contribute to the development of a person's behavior. History The study of social competence began in the early 20th century with research into how children interact with their peers and function in social situations. In the 1930s, researchers be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linguistic Competence
In linguistics, linguistic competence is the system of unconscious knowledge that one has when they know a language. It is distinguished from linguistic performance, which includes all other factors that allow one to use one's language in practice. In approaches to linguistics which adopt this distinction, competence would normally be considered responsible for the fact that "I like ice cream" is a possible sentence of English, the particular proposition that it denotes, and the particular sequence of phones that it consists of. Performance, on the other hand, would be responsible for the real-time processing required to produce or comprehend it, for the particular role it plays in a discourse, and for the particular sound wave one might produce while uttering it. The distinction is widely adopted in formal linguistics, where competence and performance are typically studied independently. However, it is not used in other approaches including functional linguistics and cogn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Competence
In microbiology, genetics, cell biology, and molecular biology, competence is the ability of a cell to alter its genetics by taking up extracellular DNA from its environment through a process called transformation. Competence can be differentiated between natural competence and induced or artificial competence. Natural competence is a genetically specified ability of bacteria that occurs under natural conditions as well as in the laboratory. Artificial competence arises when cells in laboratory cultures are treated to make them transiently permeable to DNA. Competence allows for rapid adaptation and DNA repair of the cell. History Natural competence was discovered by Frederick Griffith in 1928, when he showed that a preparation of killed cells of a pathogenic bacterium contained something that could transform related non-pathogenic cells into the pathogenic type. In 1944 Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty demonstrated that this 'transforming factor' was pure DNA. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Competence
Cultural competence, also known as intercultural competence, is a range of cognitive, affective, behavioral, and linguistic skills that lead to effective and appropriate communication with people of other cultures. Intercultural or cross-cultural education are terms used for the training to achieve cultural competence. Introduction According to UNESCO, intercultural competence involves a combination of skills, attitudes, and knowledge that enables individuals to navigate cultural differences and build meaningful relationships. UNESCO emphasizes that developing these competencies is essential for promoting peace, tolerance, and inclusion in diverse societies. References Effective intercultural communication comprises behaviors that accomplish the desired goals of the interaction and parties involved. It includes behaviors that suit cultural expectations, situational characteristics, and characteristics of relationship. Characteristics Individuals who are effective and ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Competence-based Management
Competence-based strategic management is a way of thinking about how organizations gain high performance for a significant period of time. Established as a theory in the early 1990s, competence-based strategic management theory explains how organizations can develop sustainable competitive advantage in a systematic and structural way. The theory of competence-based strategic management is an integrative strategy theory that incorporates economic, organizational and behavioural concerns in a framework that is dynamic, systemic, cognitive and holistic (Sanchez and Heene, 2004). This theory defines competence as: the ability to sustain the coordinated deployment of resources in ways that helps an organization achieve its goals (creating and distributing value to customers and stakeholders).Sanchez, R., Heene, A. (2004), ''The New Strategic Management: Organizations, Competition and Competence'', John Wiley & Sons> Competence-based management can be found in areas other than strategic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Competence (human Resources)
Competence is the set of demonstrable personal characteristics or KSAOs (Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other characteristics) that enable job performance at a high level with consistency and minimal difficulty. Competency in human resources is a series of knowledge, abilities, skills, experiences and behaviors, which leads to effective performance in an individual's activities. Competency is measurable and can be developed through training. It can also be broken down into smaller criteria. Some scholars see "competence" as an aspect that can be developed through training because it is a combination of practical & theoretical knowledge which involves cognitive skills, behavior, and values used to improve performance. Competency is the state or quality of being adequately or well qualified, possessing the ability to perform a specific, measurable job. For instance, competency needed for management, depending on the sector, might include system thinking and emotional intellig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EU Competences
In the European Union, the principle of subsidiarity is the principle that decisions are retained by Member States if the intervention of the European Union is not necessary. The European Union should take action collectively only when Member States' individual power is insufficient. The principle of subsidiarity applied to the European Union can be summarised as "Europe where necessary, national where possible". Subsidiarity is balanced by the primacy of European Union law. The principle of subsidiarity is premised from the fundamental EU principle of conferral, ensuring that the European Union is a union of member states and competences are voluntarily conferred by Member States. The conferral principle also guarantees the principle of proportionality, establishing that the European Union should undertake only the minimum necessary actions. The principle of subsidiarity is one of the core principles of the European law, and is especially important to the European intergove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Core Competency
A core competency is a concept in management theory introduced by C. K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel.Prahalad, C.K. and Hamel, G. (1990)The core competence of the corporation", Harvard Business Review (v. 68, no. 3) pp. 79–91. It can be defined as "a harmonized combination of multiple resources and skills that distinguish a firm in the marketplace" and therefore are the foundation of companies' competitiveness. Core competencies fulfill three criteria: # Provides potential access to a wide variety of markets. # Should make a significant contribution to the perceived customer benefits of the end product. # Difficult to imitate by competitors. For example, a company's core competencies may include precision mechanics, fine optics, and micro-electronics. These help it build cameras, but may also be useful in making other products that require these competencies. Background A core competency results from a specific set of skills or production techniques that deliver additional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Competence (law)
In United States and Canadian law, competence concerns the mental capacity of an individual to participate in legal proceedings or transactions, and the mental condition a person must have to be responsible for his or her decisions or acts. Competence is an attribute that is decision-specific. Depending on various factors which typically revolve around mental function integrity, an individual may or may not be competent to make a particular medical decision, a particular contractual agreement, to execute an effective deed to real property, or to execute a will having certain terms. Depending on the state, a guardian or conservator may be appointed by a court for a person who satisfies the state's tests for general incompetence, and the guardian or conservator exercises the incompetent's rights for the incompetent. Defendants who do not possess sufficient "competence" are usually excluded from criminal prosecution, while witnesses found not to possess requisite competence cann ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communicative Competence
The concept of communicative competence, as developed in linguistics, originated in response to perceived inadequacy of the notion of linguistic competence. That is, communicative competence encompasses a language user's grammatical knowledge of syntax, morphology, phonology and the like, but reconceives this knowledge as a functional, social understanding of how and when to use utterances appropriately. Communicative language teaching is a pedagogical application of communicative competence. The understanding of communicative competence has been influenced by the field of pragmatics and the philosophy of language, including work on speech acts. Origin The term was coined by Dell Hymes in 1966, reacting against the perceived inadequacy of Noam Chomsky's (1965) distinction between '' linguistic competence'' and ''performance A performance is an act or process of staging or presenting a play, concert, or other form of entertainment. It is also defined as the action or proces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
