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Colonial Heads Of Algeria
In 1830, in the days before the outbreak of the July Revolution against the Bourbon Restoration in France, the conquest of Algeria was initiated by Charles X as an attempt to increase his popularity amongst the French people. The invasion began on 5 July 1830. Afterwards Algeria would become a territory within the French colonial empire from 1830 to 1962, under a variety of governmental systems. List (Dates in italics indicate ''de facto'' continuation of office) French colony of Algeria (1830–1848) French departments of Algeria (1848–1962) Shortly after the July Monarchy of Louis Philippe I was overthrown in the Revolution of 1848, the new government of the Second Republic ended Algeria's status as a colony and declared it in the 1848 Constitution an integral part of France. Three civil departements — Alger, Oran, and Constantine — were organized under a civilian government. For continuation after independence, ''see: '' List of heads of state o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic
Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as ( "the eloquent Arabic") or simply ' (). Arabic is the List of languages by the number of countries in which they are recognized as an official language, third most widespread official language after English and French, one of six official languages of the United Nations, and the Sacred language, liturgical language of Islam. Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities around the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French People
French people () are a nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common Culture of France, French culture, History of France, history, and French language, language, identified with the country of France. The French people, especially the native speakers of langues d'oïl from northern and central France, are primarily descended from Roman people, Romans (or Gallo-Romans, western European Celts, Celtic and Italic peoples), Gauls (including the Belgae), as well as Germanic peoples such as the Franks, the Visigoths, the Suebi and the Burgundians who settled in Gaul from east of the Rhine after the fall of the Roman Empire, as well as various later waves of lower-level irregular migration that have continued to the present day. The Norsemen also settled in Normandy in the 10th century and contributed significantly to the ancestry of the Normans. Furthermore, regional ethnic minorities also exist within France that have distinct lineages, languages and cultures such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Général Voirol
is the French word for general. There are two main categories of generals: the general officers (), which are the highest-ranking commanding officers in the armed forces, and the specialist officers with flag rank (), which are high-level officers in the other uniformed services. General officers Army History The French army of the monarchy had several ranks of general officer: * ("brigadier of the armies of the King"): a rank in a grey area of seniority, conferred on certain colonels who were in command of a brigade (''cf.'' the grey area of the naval "commodore" rank given to certain captains, the equivalent of army full colonels, who had been in command of a group of ships and over the captains of the group's other ships). These officers wore a colonel's uniform with a star on the shoulder straps. This rank was abolished in 1788. * ("field marshal"(major general)): the first substantive rank of general. The wore a special uniform, blue and red, with a single bar of gold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Théophile Voirol
Théophile Voirol (September 3, 1781, Tavannes, Canton of Bern – September 15, 1853 in Besançon, Doubs) was a Swiss general in the French Republican Army, who later became a French nobleman and Governor of Algeria. He was also a member of the Chamber of Peers from 1839 until its abolishment in 1848. He was born into a rich family in Tavannes in the Jura region of the Canton of Bern, the son of Justice David Voirol and Marianne Ruedolf. At 12, he was sent to Basel to enter an apprenticeship as a merchant, but he disliked that occupation. When the French Revolution erupted in 1789, the French Republic sent its army into the territory of the Bishop of Basel in 1792. The country was annexed to France, and many young men were conscripted to fill the ranks, among them Théophile's older brother. His family was in despair, but 17-year-old Théophile quickly offered himself as a substitute. This was the beginning of a long and brilliant career in the French Army, serving under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Savary Peinture
Savary is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Amandine Savary (born 1984), French pianist *Alain Savary (1918–1988), French Socialist politician * Alfred William Savary (1831–1920), Nova Scotia member of the 1st Canadian Parliament *Anne Jean Marie René Savary (1774–1833), French general * Charlotte Savary (born 1979), French singer *Claude-Étienne Savary (1750–1788), French orientalist and pioneer of Egyptology * Daniel Savary (1743–1808), French admiral * Félix Savary (1797–1841), French mathematician and physicist *François Savary de Brèves (1560–1627), French ambassador and Orientalist. *Gilles Savary (born 1954), French politician and Member of the European Parliament *Jacques Savary (1622–1690), French writer who wrote ''The Compleat Merchant'' (first published in 1675) *Jacques Savary de Lancosme, French ambassador to the Ottoman Porte from 1585 to 1589 *Jérôme Savary (1942–2013), French theater director and actor *Léon Savary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne Jean Marie René Savary
Anne Jean Marie René Savary, 1st duc de Rovigo (26 April 17742 June 1833) was a French military officer and diplomat who served in the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars and the French invasion of Algeria. He was Minister of Police (France), Minister of Police between 1810 and 1814. Early life and career Savary was born in Marcq, Ardennes, Marcq, Ardennes. He was educated at the college of St Louis in Metz and joined the royal army in 1790. His first military campaign was in 1792, under Adam Philippe, comte de Custine, General Custine, against the retreating forces led by the Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duke of Brunswick. He subsequently served under Charles Pichegru, Pichegru and Jean Victor Marie Moreau, Moreau and distinguished himself during Moreau's strategic retreat from Swabia. In 1797, he was appointed chef d'escadron and participated in the French campaign in Egypt and Syria, Egyptian campaign under General Louis Desaix. He pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Berthezène
Pierre, baron Berthezène (; 24 March 1775, Vendargues – 9 October 1847, Vendargues) was a French general. Life Early military career Pierre's parents, Jacques Berthezène and Marguerite Causse, were from a modest background. They chose a career in the church for him and the village priest taught him in preparation for the seminary at Montpellier. Berthezène was still studying when the French Revolution broke out. On 15 September 1793 he joined the 5th volunteer battalion of Hérault, amalgamated into the 7th provisional battle demi-brigade, which later became the 10th line infantry regiment in year 4. He rose to corporal, sergeant and sergeant-major on 17, 19 and 22 September. In this regiment he met other non-commissioned officers such as Lannes and Victor. Revolutionary wars He joined the armée des Pyrénées orientales, but a few days after the affair at Peyrestortes, the brigade went to reinforce the corps besieging Toulon. At the capture of the British redoubt whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertrand Clauzel
Bertrand, Comte Clauzel (; 12 December 1772 – 21 April 1842), was a French soldier who served in the French Revolutionary Wars, Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, Napoleonic wars. He saw service in the Low Countries, Italy, Haiti, and Spain, where he achieved short periods of independent command. Clauzel spent 1815–1820 in exile in the United States before returning to France and becoming politically active in the Republicanism, republican and Liberalism, liberal opposition to the absolutist governments of Charles X of France, Charles X. Clauzel would later become a Marshal of France under the Orléans monarchy following the July Revolution and served during the French conquest of Algeria, first during the initial French expedition and later as governor. Napoleon listed Clauzel amongst his most skilful generals. Early life Bertrand Clauzel was born on 12 December 1772 in Mirepoix, Ariège, Mirepoix, in the County of Foix. Bertrand's father, Gabriel Clauzel, was a bankr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Colonial Empire
The French colonial empire () comprised the overseas Colony, colonies, protectorates, and League of Nations mandate, mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward. A distinction is generally made between the "First French colonial empire", that existed until 1814, by which time most of it had been lost or sold, and the "Second French colonial empire", which began with the French conquest of Algeria, conquest of Algiers in 1830. On the eve of World War I, France's colonial empire was List of largest empires, the second-largest in the world after the British Empire. France began to establish colonies in the French colonization of the Americas, Americas, the Caribbean, and French India, India in the 16th century but lost most of its possessions after its defeat in the Seven Years' War. The North American possessions were lost to Britain and Spain, but Louisiana (New France), Spain later returned Louisiana to France in 1800. The territory was then Loui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
