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Collyridians
Collyridianism (or Kollyridianism) is a hypothetical Christian heresy said to have worshiped Mary, mother of Jesus, Mary, the mother of Jesus, as a goddess and member of the Trinity. The existence of the Collyridians is doubtful: they are only mentioned in the ''Panarion'' of Epiphanius of Salamis, Epiphanius. According to Epiphanius, this sect originated in Thrace and Scythia before spreading to Pre-Islamic Arabia, Arabia, although origins in Early centers of Christianity#Antioch, Syria or Early centers of Christianity#Anatolia, Asia Minor have also been suggested. The name comes from the Greek term (Greek: ), referring to the "baked cakes" Epiphanius says that they made for Mary. Existence The existence of this sect is seen as doubtful by many scholars. The theologian Karl Gerok disputed the existence of the Collyridians, describing it as improbable that a sect composed only of women could have lasted for as long as described by Epiphanius. Likewise, the problem with the only sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epiphanius Of Salamis
Epiphanius of Salamis (; – 403) was the bishop of Salamis, Cyprus, at the end of the Christianity in the 4th century, 4th century. He is considered a saint and a Church Father by the Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox, Catholic Churches, and some Presbyterians. He gained a reputation as a strong defender of orthodoxy. He is best known for composing the ''Panarion'', a compendium of eighty Heresy, heresies, which included also pagan religions and philosophical systems. There has been much controversy over how many of the quotations attributed to him by the Byzantine Iconoclasts were actually by him. Regardless of this, he was clearly strongly Aniconism in Christianity, against some contemporary uses of images in the church. Life Epiphanius was either born into a Romaniote Jews, Romaniote Christian family or became a Christians , Christian in his youth. Either way, he was a Romaniote Jew who was born in the small settlement of Besanduk, near Bayt Jibrin, Eleutheropolis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panarion
In early Christianity, early Christian heresiology, the ''Panarion'' (, derived from Latin , meaning "bread basket"), to which 16th-century Latin translations gave the name ''Adversus Haereses'' (Latin: "Against Heresies"), is the most important of the works of Epiphanius of Salamis. It was written in Koine Greek beginning in 374 or 375, and issued about three years later,Williams, Frank; translator. "Introduction". The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Book I (Sects 1-46)'. 1987. (E.J. Brill, Leiden) . as a treatise on heresy, heresies, with its title referring to the text as a "stock of remedies to offset the poisons of heresy." It treats 80 religious sects, either organized groups or philosophies, from the time of Adam to the latter part of the fourth century, detailing their histories, and rebutting their beliefs.Long, G. ed. ''The penny cyclopædia''. Society for the diffusion of useful knowledge. 1833. p 477. The ''Panarion'' is an important source of information on the Jewis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Heresy
Heresy in Christianity denotes the formal denial or doubt of a core doctrine of the Christian faith as defined by one or more of the Christian churches. The study of heresy requires an understanding of the development of orthodoxy and the role of creeds in the definition of orthodox beliefs, since heresy is always defined in relation to orthodoxy. Orthodoxy has been in the process of self-definition for centuries, defining itself in terms of its faith by clarifying beliefs in opposition to people or doctrines that are perceived as incorrect. Etymology The word ''heresy'' comes from ''haeresis'', a Latin transliteration of the Greek word αἵρεσις originally meaning choosing, choice, course of action, or in an extended sense a sect or school of thought, which by the first century came to denote warring factions and the party spirit. The word appears in the New Testament, usually translated as ''sect'', and was appropriated by the Church to mean a sect or division that th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Zwemer
Samuel Marinus Zwemer (April 12, 1867 – April 2, 1952), nicknamed The Apostle to Islam, was an American missionary, traveler, and scholar. He was born at Vriesland, Michigan. In 1887 he received an A.B. from Hope College in Holland, Michigan, and in 1890, he received an M.A. from New Brunswick Theological Seminary in New Brunswick, New Jersey His other degrees include a D.D. from Hope College in 1904, a L.L.D. from Muskingum College in 1918, and a D.D. from Rutgers College in 1919. After being ordained to the Reformed Church ministry by the Pella, Iowa Classis in 1890, he was a missionary at Busrah, Bahrein, and at other locations in Arabia from 1891 to 1905. He was a member of the Arabian Mission (1890–1913). He is the founder of American Mission Hospital in Bahrain. Zwemer served in Egypt from 1913 to 1929. He also traveled widely in Asia Minor, and he was elected a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society of London. On 1 October 1930, he was appointed at the Princeto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mun'im Sirry
Mun'im Ahmad Sirry is an Indonesian Quranic studies scholar. He is assistant professor of theology at the University of Notre Dame. Biography Sirry was born in West Bataal Village, Ganding District, Sumenep, Indonesia, to a farming family. He studied at TMI al-Amien Islamic Boarding School in Prenduan, Sumenep Madura, from 1983 to 1990. Following this, he pursued his undergraduate and graduate degrees at the Faculty of Sharia at the International Islamic University Islamabad in Pakistan from 1990 to 1996. Sirry then received a Fulbright scholarship to study in the United States, where he completed a master's degree at the University of California, Los Angeles, and earned his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago Divinity School in 2012. He co-edits the journal ''Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations'' with Professor Gabriel Said Reynolds Gabriel Said Reynolds is an American academic and historian of religion, who serves as Jerome J. Crowley and Rosaleen G. Crowley Professor of T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidney H
Sidney may refer to: People * Sidney (surname), English surname * Sidney (given name), including a list of people with the given name * Sídney (footballer, born 1963) (Sídney José Tobias), Brazilian football forward * Sidney (footballer, born 1972) (Sidney da Silva Souza), Brazilian football defensive midfielder * Sidney (footballer, born 1979) (Sidney Santos de Brito), Brazilian football defender Fictional characters * Sidney Prescott, main character from the ''Scream'' horror trilogy * Sidney (''Ice Age''), a ground sloth in the ''Ice Age'' film series * Sidney, one of ''The Bash Street Kids'' * Sid Jenkins (Sidney Jenkins), a character in the British teen drama ''Skins'' * Sidney Hever, Edward's fireman from ''The Railway Series'' and the TV series ''Thomas and Friends''; see List of books in ''The Railway Series'' * Sidney, a diesel engine from the TV series; see List of ''Thomas & Friends'' characters * Sidney Freedman, a recurring character in the TV series ''M*A*S*H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Said Reynolds
Gabriel Said Reynolds is an American academic and historian of religion, who serves as Jerome J. Crowley and Rosaleen G. Crowley Professor of Theology and assistant professor of Islamic Studies at the University of Notre Dame. His scholarship focuses on Qur'anic Studies, Origins of Islam, and Muslim-Christian relations, and to a more limited extent, also covers World Religions, World Church, and History of Christianity. Biography Gabriel Said Reynolds obtained his Ph.D. in Islamic Studies at Yale University. From 2012 to 2013, he directed "The Qurʾān Seminar" alongside Mehdi Azaiez, a year-long collaborative project dedicated to encouraging dialogue among scholars of the Quran, the acts of which appeared as ''The Qurʾān Seminar Commentary''. In 2016–2017 he directed the research project at the Fondation Institut d'Études Avancées de Nantes in France. Reynolds currently serves as CEO of the International Qur’anic Studies Association (IQSA), and is also a regular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shirk (Islam)
''Shirk'' () in Islam is a sin often roughly translated as 'idolatry' or ' polytheism', but more accurately meaning 'association God]'. It refers to accepting other Divinity, divinities or powers alongside God as associates. In contrast, Islam teaches that God does not share divine attributes with anyone, as it is disallowed according to the Islamic doctrine of ''tawhid.''Kamoonpuri, S: "Basic Beliefs of Islam" pages 42–58. Tanzania Printers Limited, 2001. It is considered to be the gravest sin in Islam. The Quran, the central religious text of Islam, states in 4:48 that God will not forgive ''shirk'' if one dies without repenting of it. The one who commits ''shirk'' is called a ''mushrik''. The opposite of ''shirk'' is ''tawhid'' and the opposite of ''mushrik'' is ''muwahhid''.. Etymology The word ''shirk'' comes from the Arabic root sh- r- k (), with the general meaning of 'to share'. In the context of the Quran, the particular sense of 'sharing as an equal partner' is u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quranic Studies
Quranic studies is the academic study of the Quran, the central religious text of Islam. Like in biblical studies, the field uses and applies a diverse set of Academic discipline, disciplines and methods, such as philology, textual criticism, lexicography, codicology, literary criticism, comparative religion, and historical criticism. The beginning of modern Quranic studies began among German scholars from the 19th century. Quranic studies has three primary goals. The first goal is to understand the original meaning, sources, history of revelation, and the history of the recording and transmission, of the Quran. The second is to trace how the Quran was received by people, including how it was understood and interpreted (Tafsir, exegesis), throughout the centuries. The third is a study and appreciation of the Quran as literature independently of the other two goals. Historical criticism Quranic studies employs the historical-critical method (HCM) as its primary methodological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surah 5
Al-Ma'idah (; 'The Table pread with Food is the fifth chapter of the Quran, containing 120 verses. Al-Mā'idah means "Meal" or "Banquet" . This name is taken from verses 112 to 115, which tell the request of the followers of Prophet 'Isa (Jesus) that Allah send down a meal from the sky as a sign of the truth of his message. Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation, it is a Medinan chapter, which means it is believed to have been revealed in Medina rather than Mecca. The chapter's topics include animals which are forbidden, and Jesus's and Moses's missions. Verse 90 prohibits "the intoxicant" (alcohol). Verse 8 contains the passage: "Do not let the hatred of a people lead you to injustice". Al-Tabligh Verse 67 is relevant to the Farewell Pilgrimage and Ghadir Khumm. Verses have been quoted to denounce killing, by using an abbreviated form such as, "If anyone kills a person, it would be as if he killed the whole people: and if anyone saved a l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Averil Cameron
Dame Averil Millicent Cameron ( Sutton; born 8 February 1940), often cited as A. M. Cameron, is a British historian. She writes on Late Antiquity, Classics, and Byzantine Studies. She was Professor of Late Antiquity, Late Antique and Byzantine History at the University of Oxford, and the Warden of Keble College, Oxford, between 1994 and 2010. Early life Cameron was born on 8 February 1940 in Leek, Staffordshire. She was the only child of working-class parents, Tom Roy Sutton and Millicent ( Drew) Sutton.The International Who's Who of Women 2002, third edition, ed. Elizabeth Sleeman, Europa Publications, pg. 88 She read ''literae humaniores'' at Somerville College, Oxford, where she was awarded the Edwards Scholarship in 1960 and the Rosa Hovey Scholarship in 1962. From 1962 to 1980, she was married to Alan Cameron (classical scholar), Alan Cameron (1938–2017), a classical scholar. Together they had a son and a daughter. Career From 1965 to 1994, Cameron taught at King's Col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simit
Simit is a circular bread, typically encrusted with sesame seeds or, less commonly, poppy, flax or sunflower seeds, found across the cuisines of the former Ottoman Empire and the Middle East, especially in Armenia, Turkey and the Balkans. Simit's size, crunch, chewiness, and other characteristics vary slightly by region. In İzmir, simit is known as ''gevrek'' ("crisp"), although it is very similar to the Istanbul variety. Simit in Ankara are smaller and crisper than those of other cities. Name The word ''simit'' comes from Arabic ''samīd'' () "white bread" or "fine flour". Other names are based on the Byzantine Greek ''kollikion'' (κολλίκιον), or Ancient Greek ''kollyra'' (κολλύρα), or Greek ''koulouri'' (κουλούρι). In Latin it is known as ''arculata''. Aramaic: ܩܶܠܽܘܪܳܐ/ܩܸܠܘܿܪܵܐ (''qeluro/qelora)''; Turkish: '' gevrek''; South Slavic ''đevrek'', ђеврек, ''gjevrek'', ѓеврек, геврек. The Armenian name is բոկ� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
