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Claudius Cell
Claudius cells are considered as supporting cells within the organ of Corti in the cochlea. These cells extend from Hensen's cells to the spiral prominence epithelium, forming the outer sulcus. They are in direct contact with the endolymph of the cochlear duct. These cells are sealed via tight junctions Tight junctions, also known as occluding junctions or ''zonulae occludentes'' (singular, ''zonula occludens''), are multiprotein junctional complexes between epithelial cells, sealing and preventing leakage of solutes and water. They also play a ... that prevent flow of endolymph between them. Boettcher cells are located immediately under Claudius cells in the lower turn of the cochlea. Claudius cells are named after German anatomist, Friedrich Matthias Claudius (1822–1869). References {{Auditory_and_vestibular anatomy Auditory system ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organ Of Corti
The organ of Corti, or spiral organ, is the receptor organ for hearing and is located in the mammalian cochlea. This highly varied strip of epithelial cells allows for transduction of auditory signals into nerve impulses' action potential. Transduction occurs through vibrations of structures in the inner ear causing displacement of cochlear fluid and movement of hair cells at the organ of Corti to produce electrochemical signals.The Ear Pujol, R., Irving, S., 2013 Italian anatomist Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti (1822–1876) discovered the organ of Corti in 1851. The structure evolved from the basilar p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochlea
The cochlea is the part of the inner ear involved in hearing. It is a spiral-shaped cavity in the bony labyrinth, in humans making 2.75 turns around its axis, the modiolus (cochlea), modiolus. A core component of the cochlea is the organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating the fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea. Etymology The name 'cochlea' is derived from the Latin word for ''snail shell'', which in turn is from the Greek language, Ancient Greek κοχλίας ''kokhlias'' ("snail, screw"), and from κόχλος ''kokhlos'' ("spiral shell") in reference to its coiled shape; the cochlea is coiled in mammals with the exception of monotremes. Structure The cochlea (: cochleae) is a spiraled, hollow, conical chamber of bone, in which waves propagate from the base (near the middle ear and the oval window) to the apex (the top or center of the spiral). The spiral canal of the cochlea is a section of the b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hensen's Cells
Hensen's cells are a layer of tall supporting cells around the outer hair cells (OHC) in the organ of Corti in the cochlea. Their appearance are upper part wide with lower part narrow, column like cells. One significant morphologic feature of Hensen's cells is the lipid droplets, which are most noticeable at the third and forth turns of the cochlear, the lipid droplets are thought to have association with the auditory process because they are parallel to the innervation. One significant structure found among the Hensen's cells and the hair cells are the gap junctions, which are made of connexins which serve important functions in distribution and connection between cells; the gap junctions enable long distance electrical communication. Hensen's cells are critical in many functions; they act as mediators of ion metabolism, the K+ spatial buffering pathway, and neuron innervation; and the purinergic receptors found in the Hensen's cells are important in providing a suitable electric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endolymph
Endolymph is the fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The major cation in endolymph is potassium, with the values of sodium and potassium concentration in the endolymph being 0.91 mM and 154 mM, respectively. It is also called ''Scarpa's fluid'', after Antonio Scarpa. Structure The inner ear has two parts: the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth is contained within the bony labyrinth, and within the membranous labyrinth is a fluid called endolymph. Between the outer wall of the membranous labyrinth and the wall of the bony labyrinth is the location of perilymph. Composition Perilymph and endolymph have unique ionic compositions suited to their functions in regulating electrochemical impulses of hair cells. The electric potential of endolymph is ~80-90 mV more positive than perilymph due to a higher concentration of K compared to Na. The main component of this unique extracellular fluid is potassium, whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochlear Duct
Cochlear, the adjective form of cochlea, may refer to: * Cochlear implant, a sensory aid for the deaf * Cochlear nuclei, the ventral cochlear nucleus and the dorsal (or lateral) cochlear nucleus * Vestibular-cochlear or Vestibulocochlear nerve, the eighth cranial nerve * Cochlear nerve, a division of the eighth cranial nerve * Cochlear aqueduct, or aqueduct of cochlea, a communication between the perilymphatic space and the subarachnoid space * Cochlear artery, a division of the internal auditory artery * Cochlea, part of the Labyrinth (inner ear) * Cochlear duct, also known as the scala media, the endolymph-filled part of the cochlea * Cochlear, an alternate term for the spoon (liturgy) used in the Eastern Orthodox Church in serving the sacramental wine, sometimes with a particle of the sacramental bread * The spoon-like tip of the scape found on the epigyne of some female spiders * Cochlear Limited, manufacturer of Nucleus Cochlear Implant * Cochlear Bone Anchored Solu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tight Junctions
Tight junctions, also known as occluding junctions or ''zonulae occludentes'' (singular, ''zonula occludens''), are multiprotein junctional complexes between epithelial cells, sealing and preventing leakage of solutes and water. They also play a critical role maintaining the structure and permeability of endothelial cells. Tight junctions may also serve as leaky pathways by forming selective channels for small cations, anions, or water. The corresponding junctions that occur in invertebrates are septate junctions. Structure Tight junctions are composed of a branching network of sealing strands, each strand acting independently from the others. Therefore, the efficiency of the junction in preventing ion passage increases exponentially with the number of strands. Each strand is formed from a row of transmembrane proteins embedded in both plasma membranes, with extracellular domains joining one another directly. There are at least 40 different proteins composing the tight junctio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boettcher Cell
Boettcher cells are a special cell type located in the inner ear. Boettcher cells are polyhedral cells on the basilar membrane of the cochlea, and are located beneath Claudius cells. Boettcher cells are considered supporting cells for the organ of Corti, and are present only in the lower turn of the cochlea. These cells interweave with each other, and project microvilli into the intercellular space. Because of their structural specialization, Boettcher cells are believed to play a significant role in the function of the cochlea. They demonstrate high levels of calmodulin, and may be involved in mediating Ca2+ regulation and ion transport. Boettcher cells are named after German pathologist Pathology is the study of disease. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in the context of modern medical treatme ... Arthur Boettcher (1831-1889). Nitric oxide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Matthias Claudius
Friedrich Matthias Claudius (1 June 1822 – 10 January 1869) was a German anatomist who was a native of Lübeck. He was related to the German poet Matthias Claudius (1740–1815). In 1844 he earned his doctorate from the University of Göttingen, and in 1849 was appointed to the Zoological Museum of Kiel University. In 1859 he became professor and director of the anatomical institute at the University of Marburg. In an 1856 paper he described what were to become known as the " cells of Claudius", which are cells located on the basilar membrane of the inner ear's cochlea. His name is also associated with "Claudius' fossa", now referred to as the ovarian fossa, a depression in the parietal peritoneum of the pelvis The pelvis (: pelves or pelvises) is the lower part of an Anatomy, anatomical Trunk (anatomy), trunk, between the human abdomen, abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region), together with its embedded skeleton (sometimes also c .... In 1867 he pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
