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Chloroplast Capture
Chloroplast capture is an evolutionary process through which inter-species hybridization and subsequent backcrosses yield a plant with new genetic combination of nuclear and chloroplast genomes. For instance: * 1) species A's (having chloroplast genome ''a'' and nuclear genome ''AA'') pollen hybridizes to species B's (''b'' and ''BB'') ovule, yielding the 1st hybrid (F1) with chloroplast genome ''b'' and nuclear genome ''A'' (50%) and ''B'' (50%); * 2) species A's pollen hybridizes (backcross) to F1's ovule, yielding the 2nd hybrid (F2) with chloroplast genome ''b'' and nuclear genome ''A'' (75%) and ''B'' (25%); * 3) species A's pollen again backcrosses to F2's ovule, yielding the 3rd hybrid (F3) with chloroplast genome ''b'' and nuclear genome ''A'' (87.5%) and ''B'' (12.5%); * 4) after further backcross generations, a plant is obtained with the new genetic combination (chloroplast genome ''b'' and nuclear genome ''AA''). Known cases of chloroplast capture Gymnosperm * ''Juni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hybrid (biology)
In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different varieties, subspecies, species or genera through sexual reproduction. Generally, it means that each cell has genetic material from two different organisms, whereas an individual where some cells are derived from a different organism is called a chimera. Hybrids are not always intermediates between their parents such as in blending inheritance (a now discredited theory in modern genetics by particulate inheritance), but can show hybrid vigor, sometimes growing larger or taller than either parent. The concept of a hybrid is interpreted differently in animal and plant breeding, where there is interest in the individual parentage. In genetics, attention is focused on the numbers of chromosomes. In taxonomy, a key question is how closely related the parent species are. Species are reproductively isolated by strong barriers to hybridization, which include genetic and morph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evolution (journal)
''Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution'', is a monthly scientific journal In academic publishing, a scientific journal is a periodical publication designed to further the progress of science by disseminating new research findings to the scientific community. These journals serve as a platform for researchers, schola ... that publishes significant new results of empirical or theoretical investigations concerning facts, processes, mechanics, or concepts of evolutionary phenomena and events. ''Evolution'' is published by Oxford Academic (formerly by Wiley) for the Society for the Study of Evolution. Its current editor-in-chief is Jason Wolf of the University of Bath, United Kingdom. Former editors-in-chief The journal was founded soon after the Second World War. Its first editor was the systematic ornithologist Ernst Mayr. * Ruth Geyer Shaw, July 2013 – 2017 * Daphne Fairbairn, 2010 – June 2013 References External links * at Oxford AcademicForm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saxifragaceae
Saxifragaceae is a family of Herbaceous plant, herbaceous Perennial plant, perennial flowering plants, within the core eudicot Order (biology), order Saxifragales. The Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of the family has been greatly revised and the scope much reduced in the era of Molecular phylogenetics, molecular phylogenetic analysis. The family is divided into ten clades, with about 640 known species in about 35 accepted genera. About half of these consist of a single species, but about 400 of the species are in the type genus ''Saxifraga''. The family is predominantly distributed in the northern hemisphere, but also in the Andes in South America. Description Species are Herbaceous plant, herbaceous Perennial plant, perennials (rarely Annual plant, annual or biennial plant, biennial), sometimes Succulent plant, succulent or Xerophyte, xerophytic, often with perennating rhizomes. The Leaf, leaves are usually basally aggregated in alternate rosettes, sometimes on inflorescence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heuchera
''Heuchera'' ( or ) is a genus of largely evergreen perennial plants in the family Saxifragaceae. All species are native to North America except for '' Heuchera sichotensis'', native to the Russian Far East. Common names include alumroot and coral bells. Description ''Heuchera'' have palmately lobed leaves on long petioles, and a thick, woody rootstock. The genus was named after Johann Heinrich von Heucher (1677–1746), an 18th-century German physician,''Heuchera''. Flora of North America. and Professor at . There are approximately 37 species, but the |
Journal Of Plant Research
The ''Journal of Plant Research'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of botany published on behalf of the by Springer Science+Business Media. Its predecessor, of Tokyo, first published in 1887, ran until volume 105 in 1992; during this period, over 4,900 plant names were first published in its pages. The journal obtained its current name in 1995. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.629. See also *'' Journal of Japanese Botany'' *'' Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica'' References External links *Archiveat Biodiversity Heritage Library The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) is the world’s largest open-access digital library for biodiversity literature and archives. BHL operates as a worldwide consortium of natural history, botanical, research, and national libraries working ... (1887–1922, vol. 1–36) Archiveat J-STAGE (1887–1971, vol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruppiaceae
''Ruppia'', also known as the widgeonweeds, ditch grasses or widgeon grass, is the only extant genus in the family Ruppiaceae, with 11 known species. These are aquatic plants widespread over much of the world. The genus name honours Heinrich Bernhard Rupp, a German botanist (1688–1719). They are widespread outside of frigid zones and the tropics. Description The leaf is simple and not rhizomatous. They can be annual (commonly) or perennial (rarely); stem growth is conspicuously sympodial, but sometimes is not. These species are adapted to be in brackish water (and salt marshes). The leaves are small or medium-sized. Their disposition can be alternate, opposite, or whorled (usually alternate except when subtending an inflorescence). Even, lamina keep entire and are setaceous or linear. The leaf just shows one vein without cross-venules. Stomata are not present. The mesophyll leaks calcium oxalate crystals. The minor leaf veins do not present phloem transfer cells and leaks ves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fagaceae
The Fagaceae (; ) are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with around 1,000 or more species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as evergreen trees and shrubs. They are characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of cup-like (Calybium and cupule, cupule) nuts. Their leaves are often lobed, and both petiole (botany), petioles and stipules are generally present. Their fruits lack endosperm and lie in a scaly or spiny husk that may or may not enclose the entire nut, which may consist of one to seven seeds. In the oaks, genus ''Quercus'', the fruit is a non-valved nut (usually containing one seed) called an acorn. The husk of the acorn in most oaks only forms a cup in which the nut sits. Other members of the family have fully enclosed nuts. Fagaceae is one of the most ecologically i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quercus
An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' of the beech family. They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn, borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere; it includes some 500 species, both deciduous and evergreen. Fossil oaks date back to the Middle Eocene. Molecular phylogeny shows that the genus is divided into Old World and New World clades, but many oak species hybridise freely, making the genus's history difficult to resolve. Ecologically, oaks are keystone species in habitats from Mediterranean semi-desert to subtropical rainforest. They live in association with many kinds of fungi including truffles. Oaks support more than 950 species of caterpillar, many kinds of gall wasp which form distinctive galls (roundish woody lumps such as the oak apple), and a large number of pests and diseases. Oak leaves and acorns contain enough tannin to be toxic to cattle, but pigs are ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinaceae
The Pinaceae (), or pine family, are conifer trees or shrubs, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as Cedrus, cedars, firs, Tsuga, hemlocks, Pinyon_pine, piñons, larches, pines and spruces. The family is included in the order Pinales, formerly known as Coniferales. Pinaceae have distinctive cones with woody scales bearing typically two Ovule, ovules, and are supported as monophyletic by both Morphology (biology), morphological trait and genetic analysis. They are the largest extant conifer family in species diversity, with between 220 and 250 species (depending on Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic opinion) in 11 genera, and the second-largest (after Cupressaceae) in geographical range, found in most of the Northern Hemisphere, with the majority of the species in temperate climates, but ranging from subarctic to tropical. The family often forms the dominant component of Boreal forest, boreal, coastal, and montane forests. One species, ''Pinus merkus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Backcrossing
Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, to achieve offspring with a genetic identity closer to that of the parent. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding, and production of gene knockout organisms. Backcrossed hybrids are sometimes described with acronym "BC"; for example, an F1 hybrid crossed with one of its parents (or a genetically similar individual) can be termed a BC1 hybrid, and a further cross of the BC1 hybrid to the same parent (or a genetically similar individual) produces a BC2 hybrid. Plants Advantages * If the recurrent parent is an elite genotype, at the end of the backcrossing programme, an elite genotype is recovered. * As no "new" recombination results, the elite combination is not lost. Disadvantages * It works poorly for quantitative traits. * It is more restricted for recessive traits. * In practice, sections of genome from the nonrecurrent parents are often still present a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinus
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. ''World Flora Online'' accepts 134 species-rank taxa (119 species and 15 nothospecies) of pines as current, with additional synonyms, and ''Plants of the World Online'' 126 species-rank taxa (113 species and 13 nothospecies), making it the largest genus among the conifers. The highest species diversity of pines is found in Mexico. Pines are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere; they occupy large areas of boreal forest, but are found in many habitats, including the Mediterranean Basin, and dry tropical forests in southeast Asia and Central America. Wood from pine trees is one of the most extensively used types of timber, and some pines are widely used as Christmas trees. Description Pine trees are evergreen, coniferous resinous trees (or, rarely, shrubs) growing tall, with the majority of species reaching tall. The sma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
