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Chionea Nipponica
''Chionea'' is a genus of wingless limoniid crane flies. It consists of two subgenera, the holarctic ''Chionea'' and palaearctic ''Sphaeconophilus''. About 37 species are currently recognized in the northern hemisphere, but there are probably several undescribed species. They are commonly called snow flies. Description Adults are found during the winter season in forested environments, where they can be observed walking across the surface of the snow. Many species live at high elevations, with some examples of ''C. nigra'' found in the Rocky Mountains above 3400 m. Adults seem to actively seek out the coldest place they can find and drink water by pressing their proboscis against the snow (Marchand, 1917). Adults are not known to feed. Adults have a significantly longer lifespan than other crane flies, living as long as two months. ''Chionea'' are highly active in cold environments that are lethal to most insect species. Adults are often found in motion as they move across t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grylloblattidae
Grylloblattidae, commonly known as the icebugs or ice crawlers, is a family of extremophile (psychrophile) and wingless insects that live in the cold on top of mountains and the edges of glaciers. It is the only member of Grylloblattodea, which is generally considered an order. Alternatively, Grylloblattodea, along with Mantophasmatodea (rock crawlers), have been ranked as suborders of the order Notoptera. Grylloblattids are wingless insects mostly less than 3 cm long, with a head resembling that of a cockroach, with long antennae and having elongated cerci arising from the tip of their abdomen. They cannot tolerate warmth—most species will die at —and many species have small distribution ranges. Overview Grylloblattids, ice crawlers or icebugs puzzled the scientists who discovered them in 1914, E.M. Walker and T.B. Kurata; the first species named was '' Grylloblatta campodeiformis'', which means "cricket-cockroach shaped like a '' Campodea''" (a kind of two-pronged br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chionea Alexandriana
''Chionea alexandriana'' is a species of snow fly (''chionea'') in the family Limoniidae Limoniidae is the largest of four crane fly families, with more than 10,700 species in more than 150 genera. Some studies have suggested it to be a paraphyletic group, with some limoniids being more closely related to Tipulidae and Cylindrotomida ....Byers, G.W. (1983). The crane fly genus ''Chionea'' in North America. ''Univ. of Kansas Science Bulletin'' 52(6):59-195. The species is common in the western mountains of North America, including Alberta, British Columbia, Washington State, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and California. J.A. Chapman (1954), working in Montana, found them to be most abundant in snow fields at 3600-7000 feet elevation from November to April at temperatures ranging from 21-32 degrees F. ''Chionea alexandriana'' adults are 4-8 mm. Based on their morphology and range they are thought to be most closely related to the snow fly species ''Chionea nigra'', ''jellisoni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idaho
Idaho ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest and Mountain states, Mountain West subregions of the Western United States. It borders Montana and Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington (state), Washington and Oregon to the west; the state shares a small portion of the Canada–United States border to the north with the Canadian province of British Columbia. Idaho's State capital (United States), state capital and largest city is Boise, Idaho, Boise. With an area of , Idaho is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 14th-largest state by land area. The state has a population of approximately two million people; it ranks as the List of U.S. states and territories by population, 13th-least populous and the List of U.S. states by population density, seventh-least densely populated of the List of US states, 50 U.S. states. For thousands of years, and prior to European colonization, Idaho had been inhabited by Native American ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oregon
Oregon ( , ) is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is a part of the Western U.S., with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho. The 42nd parallel north, 42° north parallel delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada. The western boundary is formed by the Pacific Ocean. Oregon has been home to many Indigenous peoples of the Americas, indigenous nations for thousands of years. The first European traders, explorers, and settlers began exploring what is now Oregon's Pacific coast in the early to mid-16th century. As early as 1564, the Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest, Spanish began sending vessels northeast from the Philippines, riding the Kuroshio Current in a sweeping circular route across the northern part of the Pacific. In 1592, Juan de Fuca undertook detailed mapping a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chionea Albertensis
''Chionea albertensis'' is a species of limoniid crane fly in the family Limoniidae Limoniidae is the largest of four crane fly families, with more than 10,700 species in more than 150 genera. Some studies have suggested it to be a paraphyletic group, with some limoniids being more closely related to Tipulidae and Cylindrotomida .... References Limoniidae Articles created by Qbugbot Insects described in 1941 {{limoniidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holarctic
The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical region (which covers most of North America), and Alfred Wallace's Palearctic zoogeographical region (which covers North Africa, and all of Eurasia except for Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, the southern Arabian Peninsula). These regions are further subdivided into a variety of ecoregions. Many ecosystems and the animal and plant communities that depend on them extend across a number of continents and cover large portions of the Holarctic realm. This continuity is the result of those regions’ shared glacial history. Major ecosystems Within the Holarctic realm, there are a variety of ecosystems. The type of ecosystem found in a given area depends on its latitude and the local geography. In the far north, a band of Arctic tun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pupa
A pupa (; : pupae) is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their life cycle, the stages thereof being egg, larva, pupa, and imago. The processes of entering and completing the pupal stage are controlled by the insect's hormones, especially juvenile hormone, prothoracicotropic hormone, and ecdysone. The act of becoming a pupa is called pupation, and the act of emerging from the pupal case is called eclosion or emergence. The pupae of different groups of insects have different names such as ''chrysalis'' for the pupae of butterflies and ''tumbler'' for those of the mosquito family. Pupae may further be enclosed in other structures such as cocoons, nests, or shells. Position in life cycle The pupal stage follows the larval stage, or in some cases a prepupal stage, and precedes adulthood ('' imago'') in insects with compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dauer Larva
Dauer ( German "", English "the endurance", "persistence"; "unlimited time" ) describes an alternative developmental stage of nematode worms, particularly rhabditids including ''Caenorhabditis elegans'', whereby the larva goes into a type of stasis and can survive harsh conditions. Since the entrance of the dauer stage is dependent on environmental cues, it represents a classic and well studied example of polyphenism. The dauer state is given other names in the various types of nematodes such as ‘ diapause’ or ‘hypobiosis’, but since the ''C. elegans'' nematode has become the most studied nematode, the term ‘dauer stage’ or 'dauer larvae' is becoming universally recognised when referring to this state in other free-living nematodes. The dauer stage is also considered to be equivalent to the infective stage of parasitic nematode larvae. As Émile Maupas first proposed in 1899 and 1900, all nematodes have five stages separated by four moults. Under environmental condit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhabditis
''Rhabditis'' is a genus of nematodes in the family Rhabditidae. ; Names brought to synonymy: ''Rhabditis (Caenorhabditis)'' Osche, 1952 is a synonym for ''Caenorhabditis ''Caenorhabditis'' is a genus of nematodes which live in bacteria-rich environments like compost piles, decaying dead animals and rotting fruit. The name comes from Greek: caeno- ( () = new, recent); rhabditis = rod-like ( () = rod, wand). The ...'' Dougherty, 1955 Species *'' Rhabditis aberrans'' *'' Rhabditis marina'' *'' Rhabditis maxima'' *'' Rhabditis necromena'' *'' Rhabditis sylvatica'' *'' Rhabditis terricola'' References External links * Rhabditidae Rhabditida genera {{Rhabditida-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nematode
The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitic. Parasitic worms (helminths) are the cause of soil-transmitted helminthiases. They are classified along with arthropods, tardigrades and other moulting animals in the clade Ecdysozoa. Unlike the flatworms, nematodes have a tubular digestive system, with openings at both ends. Like tardigrades, they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum. Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Consequently, estimates of the number of nematode species are uncertain. A 2013 survey of animal biodiversity suggested there are over 25,000. Estimates of the total number of extant species are su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenolepis (flatworm)
''Hymenolepis'' is a genus of cyclophyllid tapeworms that cause hymenolepiasis. They parasitise mammals, including humans. Some notable species are: * '' Hymenolepis apodemi'' - in rodents * '' Hymenolepis asymetrica'' — in rodents * '' Hymenolepis diminuta'' — in humans * '' Hymenolepis horrida'' — in rodents * '' Hymenolepis rymzhanovi'' — in rodents * '' Hymenolepis microstoma'' — in rodents * '' Hymenolepis nana'' — in humans * '' Hymenolepis tualatinensis'' — in rodents Disease Signs and symptoms Most infected humans have a low number of worms and therefore are asymptomatic. Patients with more than 15,000 eggs per gram of stool may experience cramps, diarrhea, irritability, anorexia, or enteritis caused by cystercoids destroying the intestinal villi in which they develop. Diagnosis Diagnosis for hymenolepiasis is done by examining stool for eggs. The proglottids that are disintegrated in the intestine cannot be detected. Egg output can be sporadic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
