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Chartaque Wachturm (Niefern-Öschelbronn)
A chartaque (, from ''chahartaq (architecture), chahartaq'', literally "having four arches"; in , in ) is a watchtower and important element of the fortification systems in the time of the Ottoman Empire. Construction The original form, to which the name relates, was built of four logs, but over time ''chartaques'' were built in different sizes depending on the number of defending units. Fundamentally they were places of observation and defence. A characteristic structural feature of ''chartaques'' is that they consisted of a lookout tower with a palisade around the base. Other defensive works such as ''schanze (fortress), schanzen'', abatis, rampart (fortification), ramparts and ditch (fortification), ditches were often built in the vicinity as additional protection against an enemy. The construction of a ''chartaque'' was an operation that lasted several weeks. In 1706, during the time of the Uprising of Francis II Rákóczi, Kuruc wars, precise details are known about the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fathoms
A fathom is a unit of length in the imperial and the U.S. customary systems equal to , used especially for measuring the depth of water. The fathom is neither an international standard (SI) unit, nor an internationally accepted non-SI unit. Historically it was the maritime measure of depth in the English-speaking world but, apart from within the US, charts now use metres. There are two yards (6 feet) in an imperial fathom. Originally the span of a man's outstretched arms, the size of a fathom has varied slightly depending on whether it was defined as a thousandth of an (Admiralty) nautical mile or as a multiple of the imperial yard. Formerly, the term was used for any of several units of length varying around . Etymology The term (pronounced ) derives (via Middle English ''fathme'') from the Old English ''fæðm'', which is cognate with the Danish word ''favn'' and means "embracing arms" or "pair of outstretched arms". It is maybe also cognate with the Old High German wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fürstenfeld
Fürstenfeld (; ) is a small historic city in Styria, Austria. It is situated near the border with Hungary, which is why the city was originally founded. The town has become quite famous in Austria and Germany because of the song by the same name by Styrian band S.T.S.. Fürstenfeld has a population of some 10,360 as of January 1st 2025. It was the centre of an eponymous district until the end of 2012, when it was merged with Hartberg to form the district of Hartberg-Fürstenfeld. Fürstenfeld was founded around 1170 as a defense against the Hungarians (the present Austrian state of Burgenland was part of Hungary until after World War I, so Fürstenfeld used to lie right on the border) and received its town charter in 1215. Today it is known for its schools, middle-sized industry, and vicinity to several spa towns ( Bad Blumau, Bad Loipersdorf and Bad Waltersdorf in Styria, and Stegersbach in Burgenland). Geography Fürstenfeld is located in the lower valley near the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
As The Crow Flies
The expression ''as the crow flies'' is an idiom for the most direct path between two points. Etymology The meaning of the expression is attested from the early 19th century, and appeared in the Charles Dickens novel ''Oliver Twist'' (1838): While crows do conspicuously fly alone across open country, they do not fly in especially straight lines. While crows do not swoop in the air like swallows or starlings, they often circle above their nests. One suggested origin of the term is that before modern navigational methods were introduced, cages of crows were kept upon ships and a bird would be released from the crow's nest when required to assist navigation, in the hope that it would fly directly towards land. However, the earliest recorded uses of the term are not nautical in nature, and the crow's nest of a ship is thought to derive from its shape and position rather than its use as a platform for releasing crows. It has also been suggested that crows would not travel well in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fehring
Fehring is a municipality in the district of Südoststeiermark in Styria, Austria. The landscape is rolling hills cut by the valley of the Raab. Fehring is on a socket some metres above the valley floor. The town is bordered to the east by Burgenland. Neighbouring municipalities * In the north: Johnsdorf-Brunn and Hohenbrugg-Weinberg * In the east: Sankt Martin an der Raab and Mühldorf * In the south: Kapfenstein * In the west: Pertlstein Community structure The municipality Fehring consists of the villages Hirtzenrigel, Höflach, Petzelsdorf, Petersdorf and Schiefer. History The first mention of Fehring is with 40 homesteads in a document from Ottokar of 1265th. The district Petzelsdorf is already mentioned in the Babenberger Urbar 1220th. Fehring was founded as a marketplace and Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria awarded the market law. A parish has been documented in Fehring since 1305. There have been a lot of wars and fights around Fehring, therefore a tabor was bui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurucs
Kuruc (, plural ''kurucok''), also spelled kurutz, refers to a group of armed anti-Habsburg insurgents in the Kingdom of Hungary between 1671 and 1711. Over time, the term kuruc has come to designate Hungarians who advocate strict national independence and the term "labanc" to designate Hungarians who advocate cooperating with outside powers. The term kuruc is used in both a positive sense to mean “patriotic” and in a negative sense to mean “chauvinistic.” The term labanc is almost always used in a negative sense to mean “disloyal” or “traitorous”. This term originally referred to Habsburg troops, mainly Austrian imperial soldiers, garrisoned in Hungary. The kuruc army was composed mostly of impoverished lower Hungarian nobility and serfs, including Hungarian Protestant peasants and Slavs. They managed to conquer large parts of Hungary in several uprisings from Transylvania before they were defeated by Habsburg imperial troops. Name The word ''kuruc'' was fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Austria
Lower Austria ( , , abbreviated LA or NÖ) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are Amstetten, Lower Austria, Amstetten, Krems an der Donau, Wiener Neustadt and Sankt Pölten, which has been the capital city, capital of Lower Austria since 1986, replacing Vienna, which became a separate state in 1921. With a land area of and a population of 1.7 million people, Lower Austria is the largest and second-most-populous state in Austria (after Vienna). Geography With a land area of situated east of Upper Austria, Lower Austria is the country's largest state. Lower Austria derives its name from its downriver location on the river Enns (river), Enns, which flows from the west to the east. Lower Austria has an international border, long, with the Czech Republic (South Bohemian Region, South Bohemia and South Moravian Region, South Moravia) and Slovakia (Bratislava Region, Bratislava and Trnava Regions). The state has the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coronation of the Hungarian monarch, coronation of the first king Stephen I of Hungary, Stephen I at Esztergom around the year 1000;Kristó Gyula – Barta János – Gergely Jenő: Magyarország története előidőktől 2000-ig (History of Hungary from the prehistory to 2000), Pannonica Kiadó, Budapest, 2002, , pp. 37, 113, 678 ("Magyarország a 12. század második felére jelentős európai tényezővé, középhatalommá vált."/"By the 12th century Hungary became an important European factor, became a middle power.", "A Nyugat részévé vált Magyarország.../Hungary became part of the West"), pp. 616–644 his family (the Árpád dynasty) led the monarchy for 300 years. By the 12th century, the kingdom became a European power. Du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Styria
Styria ( ; ; ; ) is an Austrian Federal states of Austria, state in the southeast of the country. With an area of approximately , Styria is Austria's second largest state, after Lower Austria. It is bordered to the south by Slovenia, and clockwise, from the southwest, by the other Austrian states of Carinthia, Salzburg (federal state), Salzburg, Upper Austria, Lower Austria, and Burgenland. The state's capital is Graz, the second largest city in Austria after only Vienna. Name The March of Styria derived its name from the original seat of its ruling Otakars, Otakar dynasty: Steyr, in today's Upper Austria, which in turn derives its name from the namesake river of Steyr, stemming from the Celtic Stiria. In the native German the area is still called "Steiermark", while in English the Latin name "Styria" is used. Until the late 19th century however, the German name "Steyer", a slightly modernized spelling of Steyr, was also common. The ancient link between the city of Steyr and S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Iran
The history of Iran (also known as Name of Iran, Persia) is intertwined with Greater Iran, which is a socio-cultural region encompassing all of the areas that have witnessed significant settlement or influence exerted by the Iranian peoples and the Iranian languages chiefly the Persians and the Persian language. Central to this region is the Iranian plateau, now largely covered by Iran, modern Iran. The most pronounced impact of Iranian history can be seen stretching from Anatolia in the west to the Indus Valley in the east, including the Levant, Mesopotamia, the Caucasus, and parts of Central Asia. To varying degrees, it also overlaps or mingles with the histories of many other major civilizations, such as History of India, India, History of China, China, History of Greece, Greece, Ancient Rome, Rome, and History of Egypt, Egypt. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical and urban settlements dating back to 4000 BC. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Redoubt
A redoubt (historically redout) is a Fortification, fort or fort system usually consisting of an enclosed defensive emplacement outside a larger fort, usually relying on Earthworks (engineering), earthworks, although some are constructed of stone or brick. It is meant to protect soldiers outside the main defensive line and can be a permanent structure or a hastily constructed temporary fortification. The word means "a place of retreat". Redoubts were a component of the military strategies of most European empires during the colonial era, especially in the outer works of Vauban-style fortresses made popular during the 17th century, although the concept of redoubts has existed since medieval times. A redoubt differs from a redan in that the redan is open in the rear, whereas the redoubt was considered an enclosed work. Historically important redoubts English Civil War During the English Civil War, redoubts were frequently built to protect older fortifications from the more effe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Styrian Provincial Archives
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Styrian may refer to: * Adjective for Styria * Styrian dialect group See also * Styria (other) Styria is a federal state of Austria. Styria may also refer to: * Upper Styria, which can refer either to the entire state of Styria or to the northern part of it * Styria (Slovenia), an informal province in Slovenia * Duchy of Styria, a former sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
