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Center For The Evaluation Of Language And Communication Technologies
The Center for the Evaluation of Language and Communication Technologies (CELCT) was an organisation devoted to the evaluation of language technologies, located in Povo, Trento (Italy). CELCT was established in 2003 by FBK (Fondazione Bruno Kessler) and DFKI (Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz), and was funded by the Autonomous Province of Trento. The goals of CELCT were "to set up infrastructures and develop skills in order to operate successfully in the field of the evaluation of language and communication technologies, becoming a reference point in the field at the national and European levels." CELCT interpreted its mission by carrying out several activities in the field of HLT evaluation, mainly focusing on the organization of national and international evaluation campaigns and on the creation of speech and text corpora in different languages and at different linguistic annotation levels. CELCT's activities were closed on December 31, 2013. The staff wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Povo
Povo is a suburb of Trento, in Trentino, northern Italy. Geography Povo is about three kilometers away from the city on the east side of the valley at the foot of mountains Marzola and Celva. Povo is crossed by rio Salè, a tributary of Fersina stream. Povo is divided into 9 fractions: Salè, Sprè, Pantè, Graffiano, Oltrecastello, Celva, Borino, Cimirlo mountain pass and Gabbiolo. Education Povo is home to the scientific and engineering schools of the University of Trento and to several research centres. The following departments, formerly members of the (discontinued) Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences and Faculty of Engineering of the University of Trento, are based in Povo: * ThDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering(DICAM), located in the Mesiano area * ThDepartment of Mathematicsand thDepartment of Physics located in the "old faculty", a set of buildings informally called "Povo 0" * ThDepartment of Information Science and Engin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Autonomous Province Of Trento
Trentino (), officially the Autonomous Province of Trento (; ; ), is an Autonomous province#Italy, autonomous province of Italy in the Northern Italy, country's far north. Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the Regions of Italy, region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, an autonomous region under the constitution. The province is composed of 166 ''comuni'' (: ''comune''). Its capital is the city of Trento (Trent). The province covers an area of more than , with a total population of 541,098 in 2019. Trentino is renowned for its Mountain, mountains, such as the Dolomites, which are part of the Alps. Etymology The province is generally known as "Trentino". The name derives from Trento, the capital city of the province. Originally, the term was used by the local population only to refer to the city and its immediate surroundings. Under former Austrian Empire, Austrian rule, which began in the 19th century (previously, Trentino was governed by the local bishop), the common German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Science And Technology In Italy
Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into twoor threemajor branches: the natural sciences, which study the physical world, and the social sciences, which study individuals and societies. While referred to as the formal sciences, the study of logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science are typically regarded as separate because they rely on deductive reasoning instead of the scientific method as their main methodology. Meanwhile, applied sciences are disciplines that use scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as engineering and medicine. The history of science spans the majority of the historical record, with the earliest identifiable predecessors to modern science dating to the Bronze Age in Egypt and Mesopotamia (). Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped the Greek natural philo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Semeval
SemEval (Semantic Evaluation) is an ongoing series of evaluations of computational semantic analysis systems; it evolved from the Senseval word sense evaluation series. The evaluations are intended to explore the nature of meaning in language. While meaning is intuitive to humans, transferring those intuitions to computational analysis has proved elusive. This series of evaluations is providing a mechanism to characterize in more precise terms exactly what is necessary to compute in meaning. As such, the evaluations provide an emergent mechanism to identify the problems and solutions for computations with meaning. These exercises have evolved to articulate more of the dimensions that are involved in our use of language. They began with apparently simple attempts to identify word senses computationally. They have evolved to investigate the interrelationships among the elements in a sentence (e.g., semantic role labeling), relations between sentences (e.g., coreference), and the n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Textual Entailment
In natural language processing, textual entailment (TE), also known as natural language inference (NLI), is a directional relation between text fragments. The relation holds whenever the truth of one text fragment follows from another text. Definition In the TE framework, the entailing and entailed texts are termed ''text'' (''t'') and ''hypothesis'' (''h''), respectively. Textual entailment is not the same as pure logical entailment – it has a more relaxed definition: "''t'' entails ''h''" (''t'' ⇒ ''h'') if, typically, a human reading ''t'' would infer that ''h'' is most likely true. (Alternatively: ''t'' ⇒ ''h'' if and only if, typically, a human reading ''t'' would be justified in inferring the proposition expressed by ''h'' from the proposition expressed by ''t''.) The relation is directional because even if "''t'' entails ''h''", the reverse "''h'' entails ''t''" is much less certain.MultiNLIref name=Williams2018>SciTailref name=Khot2018>SICKref name=Marelli2014> ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Machine Translation
Machine translation is use of computational techniques to translate text or speech from one language to another, including the contextual, idiomatic and pragmatic nuances of both languages. Early approaches were mostly rule-based or statistical. These methods have since been superseded by neural machine translation and large language models. History Origins The origins of machine translation can be traced back to the work of Al-Kindi, a ninth-century Arabic cryptographer who developed techniques for systemic language translation, including cryptanalysis, frequency analysis, and probability and statistics, which are used in modern machine translation. The idea of machine translation later appeared in the 17th century. In 1629, René Descartes proposed a universal language, with equivalent ideas in different tongues sharing one symbol. The idea of using digital computers for translation of natural languages was proposed as early as 1947 by England's A. D. Booth and Warr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Textual Entailment
In natural language processing, textual entailment (TE), also known as natural language inference (NLI), is a directional relation between text fragments. The relation holds whenever the truth of one text fragment follows from another text. Definition In the TE framework, the entailing and entailed texts are termed ''text'' (''t'') and ''hypothesis'' (''h''), respectively. Textual entailment is not the same as pure logical entailment – it has a more relaxed definition: "''t'' entails ''h''" (''t'' ⇒ ''h'') if, typically, a human reading ''t'' would infer that ''h'' is most likely true. (Alternatively: ''t'' ⇒ ''h'' if and only if, typically, a human reading ''t'' would be justified in inferring the proposition expressed by ''h'' from the proposition expressed by ''t''.) The relation is directional because even if "''t'' entails ''h''", the reverse "''h'' entails ''t''" is much less certain.MultiNLIref name=Williams2018>SciTailref name=Khot2018>SICKref name=Marelli2014> ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Cross Language Evaluation Forum
The Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (formerly Cross-Language Evaluation Forum), or CLEF, is an organization promoting research in multilingual information access (currently focusing on European Commissioner for Multilingualism, European languages). Its specific functions are to maintain an underlying framework for testing information retrieval systems and to create digital library, repositories of data for researchers to use in developing comparable Technical standard, standards. The organization holds a conference every September in Europe since a first constituting workshop in 2000. From 1997 to 1999, Text Retrieval Conference, TREC, the similar evaluation conference organised annually in the US, included a track for the evaluation of Cross-Language IR for European languages. This track was coordinated jointly by NIST and by a group of European volunteers that grew over the years. At the end of 1999, a decision by some of the participants was made to transfer the acti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |