|
Catharina Ahlgren
Catharina Ahlgren (1734 – c. 1800) was a Swedish proto-feminist poet and publisher, and one of the first identifiable female journalists in Sweden. She was the publisher and chief editor of a number of different women's periodicals in Stockholm and in Finland between 1772 and 1783, and the publisher of the first periodical (as well as the first one by a woman) in Finland ''Om konsten att rätt behaga'' (1782).Henrika Zilliacus-Tikkanen: När könet började skriva – Kvinnor i finländsk press 1771–1900 (English: When gender started to write - women in Finnish media 1771-1900) She is also known for her correspondence with Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht.Carl Forsstrand : Sophie Hagman och hennes samtida. Några anteckningar från det gustavianska Stockholm. (English: Sophie Hagman and her contemporaries. Notes from Stockholm during the Gustavian age") Second edition. Wahlström & Widstrand, Stockholm (1911) Ahlgren was a leading person in the Swedish "female literary wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Editing
Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written language, written, Image editing, visual, Audio engineer, audible, or Film editing, cinematic material used by a person or an entity to convey a message or information. The editing process can involve correction, condensation, organization, and many other modifications performed with an intention of producing a correct, consistent, accurate and complete piece of work. The editing process often begins with the author's idea for the work itself, continuing as a collaboration between the author and the editor as the work is created. Editing can involve creative skills, human relations and a precise set of methods. Practicing editing can be a way to reduce language error in future literature works.Diab, N. M. (2010). Effects of peer-versus self-editing on students' revision of language errors in revised drafts. ''System'', ''38''(1), 85–95. There are various editorial positions in publishing. Typically, one finds edit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Language
German (, ) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western Europe, Western and Central Europe. It is the majority and Official language, official (or co-official) language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. It is also an official language of Luxembourg, German-speaking Community of Belgium, Belgium and the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol, as well as a recognized national language in Namibia. There are also notable German-speaking communities in other parts of Europe, including: Poland (Upper Silesia), the Czech Republic (North Bohemia), Denmark (South Jutland County, North Schleswig), Slovakia (Krahule), Germans of Romania, Romania, Hungary (Sopron), and France (European Collectivity of Alsace, Alsace). Overseas, sizeable communities of German-speakers are found in the Americas. German is one of the global language system, major languages of the world, with nearly 80 million native speakers and over 130 mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anna Maria Rückerschöld
Anna Maria Rückerschöld (born Rücker; 5 February 1725 – 25 May 1805) was a Swedish writer who wrote several popular books on housekeeping and cooking in the late 18th and early 19th century. She was an advocate of women's right to a good education in household matters and propagated this view in public debate through an anonymous letter in 1770. Along with Cajsa Warg and other female cookbook authors, she was an influential figure in culinary matters in early modern Sweden. Biography Rückerschöld was born on 5 February 1725. She was the daughter of Emerentia Polhem and Reinhold Rücker, a judge of the local hundred (country subdivision), hundred who was employed at the high court in Stockholm. She grew up in Stjärnsund and Hedemora, being one of ten children in the family, seven girls and three boys. The family was not part of the nobility, but belonged to the upper echelons of society and the father was eventually knighted in 1751, the same year as he died. Reinhold Rü ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First-wave Feminism
First-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred during the 19th and early 20th century throughout the Western world. It focused on De jure, legal issues, primarily on securing women's right to vote. The term is often used synonymously with the kind of feminism espoused by the liberal feminism, liberal women's rights movement with roots in the first wave, with organizations such as the International Alliance of Women and its affiliates. This feminist movement still focuses on equality from a mainly legal perspective. The term ''first-wave feminism'' itself was coined by journalist Martha Lear in a ''New York Times Magazine'' article in March 1968, "The second-wave feminism, Second Feminist Wave: What do these women want?" First- wave feminism is characterized as focusing on the fight for women's political power, as opposed to ''de facto'' unofficial inequalities. The first wave of feminism generally advocated for Equal opportunity#Formal equality of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margareta Momma
Anna Margareta Momma (née von Bragner; 1702–1772) was a Swedish publisher and journalist. She was the chief editor and publisher of the political essay ''Samtal emellan Argi Skugga och en obekant Fruentimbers Skugga'' (1738-1739) as well as the chief editor and publisher of the ''Stockholm Gazette'' (1742-1752). Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon (artikel av Ann Öhrberg), retrieved 2021-03-15. Chronologically, she may be counted as the first identified female journalist in Sweden. Early life Momma was born in the Netherlands, possibly as a descendant of French Huguenots. In 1735, she married the Swedish publisher Peter Momma (d. 1772), himself of a Swedish family of Dutch origin, and settled in the Swedish capital of Stockholm. She was the mother of Petter (1738-1758), Wilhelm (1740-1772) ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Then Swänska Argus
''Then Swänska Argus'' (Contemporary Swedish, modern Swedish: ''Den Svenska Argus'', , "The Swedish Argus Panoptes, Argus") was an 18th-century periodical written entirely by Olof von Dalin, an influential Swedish poet. It was published weekly from 1732 to 1734 and contained short stories, poems, plays and editorials, totalling between 6 and 10 printed pages. Its first issue, published on December 13, 1732, is commonly considered to be the dividing line between Older New Swedish and Younger New Swedish (''äldre nysvenska'' and ''yngre nysvenska''). Dalin wrote the periodical in a free and lively conversational tone that contrasted with other influential Swedish writers of the time, such as Carl Gyllenborg. The publication also had an important influence on the development of Swedish orthography. Dalin was only 25 at the time of publication, and had yet to travel abroad. ''Then Swänska Argus'' fit into a wider literary trend in Europe, represented by light and lively English ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustavian Era
The history of Sweden from 1772 to 1809 is better known as the Gustavian era of kings Gustav III and Gustav IV Adolf, as well as the reign of King Charles XIII. Gustav III Adolf Frederick of Sweden died on 12 February 1771. The elections afterward resulted in a partial victory for the Caps party, especially among the lower orders; but in the estate of the peasantry the Caps majority was merely nominal, while the mass of the nobility was dead against them. Nothing could be done, however, till the return of the new king, Gustav III, from Paris. Coronation oath The new coronation oath contained three revolutionary clauses: #The first aimed at making abdications in the future impossible by binding the king to reign uninterruptedly. #The second obliged him to abide, not by the decision of all the estates together, as heretofore, but by that of the majority only, with the view of enabling the actually dominant lower estates (in which there was a large Cap majority) to rule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Age Of Liberty
In Swedish history, the Age of Liberty () was a period that saw parliamentary governance, increasing civil rights, and the decline of the Swedish Empire that began with the adoption of the Instrument of Government in 1719 and ended with Gustav III's self-coup in 1772. This shift of power from the monarch to parliament was a direct effect of the Great Northern War. Suffrage under the parliamentary government was not universal. Although the taxed peasantry was represented in the Parliament, its influence was disproportionately small, and commoners without taxed property had no suffrage at all. Great Northern War Following the death of Charles XI of Sweden, his young son Charles XII became king, and in 1697, when he was only 15 years old, he was proclaimed to be of age and took over the rule from the provisional government. The states in which Sweden's expansion into a great power had primarily been at the expense of Denmark and Russia, formed a coalition with Saxony two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solidarity
Solidarity or solidarism is an awareness of shared interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies creating a psychological sense of unity of groups or classes. True solidarity means moving beyond individual identities and single issue politics. Still, solidarity does not reject individuals and sees individuals as the basis of society. It refers to the ties in a society that bind people together as one. The term is generally employed in sociology and the other social sciences, as well as in philosophy and bioethics. It is a significant concept in Catholic social teaching and in Christian democratic political ideology. Although closely related to the concept of charity, solidarity aspires to change whole systems, not merely to help individuals. Solidarity is also one of six principles of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, and International Human Solidarity Day is recognized each year on December 20 as an international observance. Solidarity is no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Equality
Gender equality, also known as sexual equality, gender egalitarianism, or equality of the sexes, is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making, and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations, and needs equally, also regardless of gender. UNICEF (an agency of the United Nations) defines gender equality as "women and men, and girls and boys, enjoy the same rights, resources, opportunities and protections. It does not require that girls and boys, or women and men, be the same, or that they be treated exactly alike."The ILO similarly defines gender equality as "the enjoyment of equal rights, opportunities and treatment by men and women and by boys and girls in all spheres of life" gender equality is the fifth of seventeen Sustainable Development Goals, sustainable development goals (Sustainable Development Goal 5, SDG 5) of the United Nations; gender equality has not incorp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democracy
Democracy (from , ''dēmos'' 'people' and ''kratos'' 'rule') is a form of government in which political power is vested in the people or the population of a state. Under a minimalist definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitive Election, elections while more expansive or maximalist definitions link democracy to guarantees of civil liberties and human rights in addition to competitive elections. In a direct democracy, the people have the direct authority to Deliberation, deliberate and decide legislation. In a representative democracy, the people choose governing officials through elections to do so. The definition of "the people" and the ways authority is shared among them or delegated by them have changed over time and at varying rates in different countries. Features of democracy oftentimes include freedom of assembly, freedom of association, association, personal property, freedom of religion and freedom of speech, speech, citizenship, consent of the governe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
