|
Caspar Wessel
Caspar Wessel (8 June 1745 – 25 March 1818) was a Danish– Norwegian mathematician and cartographer. In 1799, Wessel was the first person to describe the geometrical interpretation of complex numbers as points in the complex plane and vectors. Biography Wessel was born in Jonsrud, Vestby, Akershus in Norway to pastor Jonas Wessel (1707–1785) and Helene Marie Schumacher (1715–1789). Helene came from Drammen and was of Griffenfeldts heritage. Growing up in Wesselstuen in Vestby he was one of thirteen children in a family. His brothers include Johan Herman Wessel and Ole Christopher Wessel. Wessel is the grandnephew of the nobleman Peter Tordenskjold, brother in law of Maren Juel and the great-great-great-grandfather to the famous radio engineer Jan Wessel. In 1763, having completed secondary school at Oslo Cathedral School, he went to Denmark for further studies. He attended the University of Copenhagen to study law, but due to financial pressures, could do so for o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vestby
Vestby is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the Follo traditional region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vestby. General information Name The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old ''Vestby'' farm (Old Norse: ''Vestbýr''), since the first church was built here. The first element is ''vestr'' which means "west" and the last element is ''býr'' meaning "farm". The neighbouring farms have the names ''Østby'' ("eastern farm"), ''Sunnby'' ("southern farm"), and ''Nordby'' ("northern farm"); and they must all four be the parts of a bigger and older farm, whose name is now unknown. Coat-of-arms The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 18 June 1982 and designed by Bjørn Linnestad. The arms show three gold bottony crosses on a red background, two over one. They represent the three original parishes in the municipality: Vestby, Garder, and Såner. At the same time they also represent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akershus
Akershus () is a county in Norway, with Oslo as its administrative centre, though Oslo is not located within Akershus. Akershus has been a region in Eastern Norway with Oslo as its main city since the Middle Ages, and is named after the Akershus Fortress in Oslo and ultimately after the medieval farm Aker in Oslo. From the Middle Ages to 1919, Akershus was a main fief and main county that included most of Eastern Norway, and from the 17th century until 2020 and again from 2024, Akershus also has a more narrow meaning as a smaller central county in the Greater Oslo Region. Akershus is Norway's largest county by population with over 716,000 inhabitants. Originally Akershus was one of four main fiefs in Norway and included almost all of Eastern Norway. The original Akershus became a main county (''Stiftamt'' or ''Stift'') in 1662 and was sometimes also known as ''Christiania Stift''. It included several subcounties (''Amt'' or ''Underamt''); in 1682 its most central areas, con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Robert Argand
Jean-Robert Argand (, , ; July 18, 1768 – August 13, 1822) was a Genevan amateur mathematician. In 1806, while managing a bookstore in Paris, he published the idea of geometrical interpretation of complex numbers known as the Argand diagram and is known for the first rigorous proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. Life Jean-Robert Argand was born in Geneva, then Republic of Geneva, to Jacques Argand and Eve Carnac. His background and education are mostly unknown. Since his knowledge of mathematics was self-taught and he did not belong to any mathematical organizations, he likely pursued mathematics as a hobby rather than a profession. Argand moved to Paris in 1806 with his family and, when managing a bookshop there, privately published his ''Essai sur une manière de représenter les quantités imaginaires dans les constructions géométriques'' (Essay on a method of representing imaginary quantities). In 1813, it was republished in the French journal ''Annales de Mat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Complex Number
In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with a specific element denoted , called the imaginary unit and satisfying the equation i^= -1; every complex number can be expressed in the form a + bi, where and are real numbers. Because no real number satisfies the above equation, was called an imaginary number by René Descartes. For the complex number is called the , and is called the . The set of complex numbers is denoted by either of the symbols \mathbb C or . Despite the historical nomenclature, "imaginary" complex numbers have a mathematical existence as firm as that of the real numbers, and they are fundamental tools in the scientific description of the natural world. Complex numbers allow solutions to all polynomial equations, even those that have no solutions in real numbers. More precisely, the fundamental theorem of algebra asserts that every non-constant polynomial equation with real or complex coefficie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candidatus Juris
Candidate ( or ) is the name of various academic degrees, which are today mainly awarded in Scandinavia. The degree title was phased out in much of Europe through the 1999 Bologna Process, which has re-formatted academic degrees in Europe. The degrees are now, or were once, awarded in the Nordic countries, the Soviet Union, the Netherlands, and Belgium. In Scandinavia and the Nordic countries, a candidate degree is a higher professional-level degree which corresponds to 5–7 years of studies. In the Soviet states, a candidate degree was a research degree roughly equivalent to a Doctor of Philosophy degree. In the Netherlands and Belgium, it was an undergraduate first-cycle degree roughly comparable with the bachelor's degree. Etymology and origins The term is derived from the Latin ''candida'', meaning white. In Ancient Rome, men running for political office would typically wear togas chalked and bleached to be bright white at speeches, debates, conventions, and other public fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartographer
Cartography (; from , 'papyrus, sheet of paper, map'; and , 'write') is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an imagined reality) can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively. The fundamental objectives of traditional cartography are to: * Set the map's agenda and select traits of the object to be mapped. This is the concern of map editing. Traits may be physical, such as roads or land masses, or may be abstract, such as toponyms or political boundaries. * Represent the terrain of the mapped object on flat media. This is the concern of map projections. * Eliminate the mapped object's characteristics that are irrelevant to the map's purpose. This is the concern of Cartographic generalization, generalization. * Reduce the complexity of the characteristics that will be mapped. This is also the concern of generalization. * Orchestrate the elements ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Danish Academy Of Sciences And Letters
The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters ({{Langx, da, Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab or ''Videnskabernes Selskab'') is a Danish academy of science. The Royal Danish Academy was established on 13 November 1742, and was created with the purpose of strengthening the position of Science in Denmark as well as promoting interdisciplinary understanding. The Royal Danish Academy works as a body of cooperation and a meeting place for prominent scientists from all areas of basic scientific research. Its core activities consist of organizing the biweekly meetings for the academy's members, publishing scientific works, advising, and communicating, organizing and conducting events and lectures of a scientific character (e.g. public lectures and symposiums) as well as participating in international cooperation with other scientific academies and with scientific organizations like for example ISC and EASAC. Since 1745, the Royal Danish Academy has had its own publishing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surveying
Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the land, terrestrial Plane (mathematics), two-dimensional or Three-dimensional space#In Euclidean geometry, three-dimensional positions of Point (geometry), points and the Euclidean distance, distances and angles between them. These points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they are often used to establish maps and boundaries for ownership, locations, such as the designated positions of structural components for construction or the surface location of subsurface features, or other purposes required by government or civil law, such as property sales. A professional in land surveying is called a land surveyor. Surveyors work with elements of geodesy, geometry, trigonometry, regression analysis, physics, engineering, metrology, programming languages, and the law. They use equipment, such as total stations, robotic total stations, theodolites, Satellite navigation, GNSS receivers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oslo Cathedral School
Schola Osloensis, known in Norwegian language, Norwegian as Oslo Katedralskole (''Oslo Cathedral School'') and more commonly as "Katta",Oslo katedralskole , About the school is a selective upper secondary school located in Oslo, Norway. The school offers the college preparatory (literal translation: ''specialization for studies'') of the Norwegian school system. It is one of four schools in Norway that can trace its origins directly to the Middle Ages and is generally regarded as one of the country's most prestigious schools, which celebrated its 850th anniversary in 2003. The school's motto is the Latin phrase ' which translates to "We do not learn for the sake of the school, but for the sake of life". History According to tradition, ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Wessel
Jan Wessel (16 November 1903 – 12 August 1980) was a Norwegian radio engineer, known for having established and operated the Norwegian production company Radionette. The company was the first in Norway to start production of radios for connection to the electrical grid. Biography Wessel was born in Christiania (now Oslo) to operations engineer Henrik Lysholm Wessel (1861–1936) and Sophie Friederike ("Frieda") Eleonore Weidemann Goebel (1868–1959). He is great-great-great-grandson of Johan Herman Wessel (1742–1785), Ole Christopher Wessel (1744–1794) and Caspar Wessel (1745–1818). Jan Wessel was one of the many self-taught enthusiasts who participated in the pioneering phase of the spread of radio technology in Norway. He stood out early by focusing fully on a commercial utilization of the technology through the design, production and sale of radios to a wide audience, from 1927 through the company Radionette, which grew to become one of the three major radio fac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maren Juel
Maren Juel (18 March 1749 – 20 February 1815) was a Norwegian landowner, regarded as the wealthiest woman in Norway at her time. She was born in Christiania (now Oslo) as the daughter of timber trader and civil servant Hans Juel (1702–1765). She was the sister of timber trader, Jacob Juel. In 1771 she was married to businessman and landowner Peder Holter (1723 - 1786). He had accumulated a number of estates and was regarded for his time to be one of the most wealthy men in the country. After her husband's death in 1786, she managed the properties herself. These included Losby in Lørenskog as well as the estates Hafslund and Borregaard in Sarpsborg and the Ljan Estate (''Ljansbruket'') which included Stubljan in Nordstrand and Hvitebjørn in Oppegård. In 1791 she married civil servant Ole Christopher Wessel who died in 1794. In 1796 Juel married Marcus Gjøe Rosenkrantz, later member of the Parliament of Norway The Storting ( ; ) is the supreme legislatu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Tordenskjold
Vice-Admiral Peter Jansen Wessel Tordenskiold (28 October 1690 – 12 November 1720) was a Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy officer. Born in Trondheim, he travelled to Copenhagen in 1704 and eventually join the Dano-Norwegian navy, rising to the rank of vice-admiral for his actions during the Great Northern War. He won a name for himself through audacity and courage and was ennobled as ''Peter Tordenskiold'' by Frederick IV of Denmark in 1716. His greatest exploit came later that year, as he destroyed a supply fleet of the Swedish Navy at the Battle of Dynekilen, ensuring the siege of Fredriksten would end in failure. In 1720, he was killed in a duel. He ranks among the most famous naval captains in Denmark and Norway. He experienced an unusually rapid rise in rank and died when he was only 30 years old. Name His birth name was Peter Jansen Wessel. His name occurs with spellings as ''Peder'' and ''Pitter''. Upon his ennoblement in 1716, he received the name meaning 'thunder shield'. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
