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Cardwellia
''Cardwellia'' is a monotypic genus (i.e. a genus that contains only one species) in the protea and macadamia family Proteaceae. The sole described species is ''Cardwellia sublimis'' − commonly known as northern silky oak or bull oak − which is endemic to the rainforests of northeastern Queensland, Australia. It was first described in 1865 and has been classified as a least concern species. Its timber has been used for house construction and furniture. Description ''Cardwellia sublimis'' is a large tree reaching up to in height and a diameter of , often becoming an emergent standing well above the canopy. The bark is thin and there is usually no buttressing. The leaves are alternate, dark green above with a silvery brown sheen below. On seedlings the leaves are simple but on mature trees they are pinnately compound, and there is a graduation of the leaf morphology as the tree grows (see gallery). Leaves on mature trees reach up to long with a petiole up to long. They h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Cardwell, 1st Viscount Cardwell
Edward Cardwell, 1st Viscount Cardwell, (24 July 1813 – 15 February 1886) was a prominent British politician in the Peelite and Liberal parties during the middle of the 19th century. He is best remembered for his tenure as Secretary of State for War between 1868 and 1874 and, with William Ewart Gladstone's support, the introduction of the Cardwell Reforms. The goal was to centralise the power of the War Office, abolish purchase of officers' commissions, and to create reserve forces stationed in Britain by establishing short terms of service for enlisted men. Background and education Cardwell was the son of John Henry Cardwell, of Liverpool, a merchant, and Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Birley. He was educated at Winchester and Balliol College, Oxford, from where he took a degree in 1835. He was called to the bar, Inner Temple, in 1838. Early political career Cardwell was employed in the Colonial Office in the late 1830s, and directly involved in drafting written instr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antarctic Land Bridge
The Antarctic land bridge was a land bridge connecting the continents of South America, Antarctica, and Australia that existed from the Late Cretaceous to the Late Eocene. The land bridge consisted of the entire continent of Antarctica (at the time unglaciated), as well as much narrower, now-submerged landforms that connected Antarctica to both South America and Australia (with the land bridge between South America and Antarctica sometimes called the Weddellian Isthmus or the Isthmus of Scotia). At its greatest extent, the Antarctic land bridge allowed for a terrestrial connection between South America and Australia, allowing numerous animals and plants to disperse across both continents using it. The Antarctic land bridge came to an end during the Late Eocene or Early Oligocene, when the formation of both the Drake Passage and Tasmanian Passage cut off any further land connections of either continent with Antarctica. These openings also created the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proteaceae
The Proteaceae form a family (biology), family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genus, genera with about 1,660 known species. Australia and South Africa have the greatest concentrations of diversity. Together with the Platanaceae (plane trees), Nelumbonaceae (the sacred lotus) and in the recent APG IV system the Sabiaceae, they make up the order Proteales. Well-known Proteaceae genera include ''Protea'', ''Banksia'', ''Embothrium'', ''Grevillea'', ''Hakea'', and ''Macadamia''. Species such as the New South Wales waratah (''Telopea speciosissima''), king protea (''Protea cynaroides''), and various species of ''Banksia'', ''Grevillea'', and ''Leucadendron'' are popular cut flowers. The nuts of ''Macadamia integrifolia'' are widely grown commercially and consumed, as are those of ''Gevuina avellana'' on a smaller scale. Etymology The name Proteaceae was adapted by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773), Robert Brown from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hicksbeachia
''Hicksbeachia'' is a genus of two species of trees in the family Proteaceae. They are native to rainforests of northern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland, Australia. They are commonly known as red bopple nut or beef nut due to the bright red colour of their fruits. Taxonomy Ferdinand von Mueller named the genus in 1883 in honour of Michael Hicks Beach who had been Secretary of State for the Colonies. Mueller named several genera, including '' Buckinghamia'', ''Cardwellia'', '' Carnarvonia'' and '' Hollandaea'', after Colonial Secretaries of the time. He described the type species '' Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia'' at the time. The genus was considered monotypic until Peter Weston split the north Queensland population as a separate species '' H. pilosa'' in 1988. Molecular and morphological analysis shows this genus is most closely related to the genus '' Bleasdalea'', ancestors of the two genera having diverged around 15 million years ago in the Miocene. Furthermore, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gevuina
''Gevuina avellana'', commonly known as the Chilean hazelnut ( in Spanish) or Gevuina hazelnut, is an evergreen tree growing up to 20 meters (65 feet) tall. It is the only species currently classified in the genus ''Gevuina''. It is native to southern Chile and adjacent valleys in Argentina. It is found from sea level to 700 meters (2,300 feet) above sea level. Its distribution extends from 35° to 44° south latitude. The composite leaves are bright green and toothed, and the tree is in flower between July and November. The flowers are very small and beige to whitish, are bisexual and group two by two in long racemes. The fruit is a dark red nut when young and turns black. The peel is woody. It can grow up straight or branched from the soil, making up either a tree or a shrub. The name ''Gevuina'' comes from , the Mapuche Indigenous name for the Chilean hazel. The origin of the Spanish name, ''avellano'' come from the fact the Spanish settlers found the nuts similar to the haz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gevuininae
The Grevilleoideae are a subfamily of the plant family Proteaceae. Mainly restricted to the Southern Hemisphere, it contains around 46 genera and about 950 species. Genera include '' Banksia'', '' Grevillea'', and '' Macadamia''. Description The Grevilleoideae grow as trees, shrubs, or subshrubs. They are highly variable, making a simple, diagnostic identification key for the subfamily essentially impossible to provide. One common and fairly diagnostic characteristic is the occurrence of flowers in pairs that share a common bract. However, a few Grevilleoideae taxa do not have this property, having solitary flowers or inflorescences of unpaired flowers. In most taxa, the flowers occur in densely packed heads or spikes, and the fruit is a follicle. Distribution and habitat Grevilleoideae are mainly a Southern Hemisphere family. The main centre of diversity is Australia, with around 700 of 950 species occurring there, and South America also contains taxa. However, the Grevilleo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dehiscence (botany)
Dehiscence is the splitting of a mature plant structure along a built-in line of weakness to release its contents. This is common among fruits, anthers and sporangia. Sometimes this involves the complete detachment of a part. Structures that open in this way are said to be dehiscent. Structures that do not open in this way are called indehiscent, and rely on other mechanisms such as decay, digestion by herbivores, or predation to release the contents. A similar process to dehiscence occurs in some flower buds (e.g., '' Platycodon'', '' Fuchsia''), but this is rarely referred to as dehiscence unless circumscissile dehiscence is involved; anthesis is the usual term for the opening of flowers. Dehiscence may or may not involve the loss of a structure through the process of abscission. The lost structures are said to be caducous. Association with crop breeding Manipulation of dehiscence can improve crop yield since a trait that causes seed dispersal is a disadvantage for fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turrillia
'' Turrillia '' is a genus of plants in the family Proteaceae, native to Oceania. The genus was named by American botanist Albert Charles Smith in 1985, in ''Flora Vitiensis Nova'' 3, containing five species. Only three, from Fiji and Vanuatu, are generally accepted as belonging to the genus. It is closely related to '' Kermadecia'' (where its species were once placed) and '' Sleumerodendron'', both endemic to New Caledonia New Caledonia ( ; ) is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, southwest of Vanuatu and east of Australia. Located from Metropolitan France, it forms a Overseas France#Sui generis collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of t ....Mast, A. R., C. L. Willis, E. H. Jones, K. M. Downs, and P. H. Weston. (2008) A Smaller Macadamia from a More Vagile Tribe: Inference of Phylogenetic Relationships, Divergence Times, and Diaspore Evolution in Macadamia and Relatives (Tribe Macadamieae; Proteaceae). American Journal of Botany 95, no. 7 : 843–7 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kermadecia
''Kermadecia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. The genus comprises eight species of rainforest trees from New Caledonia, Fiji, and Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (; ), is an island country in Melanesia located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, east o .... Its closest relative is '' Euplassa'' from South America.Mast, A. R., C. L. Willis, E. H. Jones, K. M. Downs, and P. H. Weston. (2008) A Smaller Macadamia from a More Vagile Tribe: Inference of Phylogenetic Relationships, Divergence Times, and Diaspore Evolution in Macadamia and Relatives (Tribe Macadamieae; Proteaceae). American Journal of Botany 95, no. 7 : 843–70. Species *'' Kermadecia austrocaledonica'' (Brongn. & Gris) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks., New Caledonia *'' Kermadecia brinoniae'' H.C.Hopkins & Pillon, New Caledonia *'' Kermadecia ferruginea'' A.C.Sm. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bleasdalea
''Bleasdalea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. Taxonomy Molecular and morphological analysis shows this genus is most closely related to the genus '' Hicksbeachia'', ancestors of the two genera having diverged around 15 million years ago in the Miocene. Species The genus comprises two species which are native to northeastern Australia and New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ...: *'' Bleasdalea bleasdalei'' *'' Bleasdalea papuana'' References Proteaceae genera Proteales of Australia Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Flora of New Guinea Flora of Queensland Plants described in 1921 Taxa named by Karel Domin {{Proteaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euplassa
''Euplassa'' is a genus of flowering plants in the protea family. It is native to tropical South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ..., including Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela."''Euplassa'' Salisb. ex Knight". Plants of the World Online, Kew Science. Accessed 27 April 2022/ref> Species Species include: *'' Euplassa bahiensis'' ( Meisn.) I.M.Johnst. *'' Euplassa cantareirae'' Sleumer *'' Euplassa chimantensis'' Steyerm. *'' Euplassa duquei'' Killip & Cuatrec. *'' Euplassa glaziovii'' (Mez) Steyerm. *'' Euplassa hoehnei'' Sleumer *'' Euplassa inaequalis'' (Pohl) Engl. *'' Euplassa incana'' (Klotzsch) I.M.Johnst. *'' Euplassa isernii'' Cuatrec. ex J.F.Macbr. *'' Euplassa itatiaia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sleumerodendron
''Sleumerodendron'' is a monotypic genus of plant in the family Proteaceae. The sole species is ''Sleumerodendron austrocaledonicum''. This species is endemic to New Caledonia. It is closely related to '' Turrillia'' (Vanuatu, Fiji) and '' Kermadecia'' (New Caledonia New Caledonia ( ; ) is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, southwest of Vanuatu and east of Australia. Located from Metropolitan France, it forms a Overseas France#Sui generis collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of t ...),Mast, A. R., C. L. Willis, E. H. Jones, K. M. Downs, and P. H. Weston. (2008) A Smaller Macadamia from a More Vagile Tribe: Inference of Phylogenetic Relationships, Divergence Times, and Diaspore Evolution in Macadamia and Relatives (Tribe Macadamieae; Proteaceae). American Journal of Botany 95, no. 7 : 843–70. where it has once been placed. References Macadamieae Monotypic Proteaceae genera Endemic flora of New Caledonia Taxa named by Robert Virot Taxa na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
