|
1941 In Estonia
This article lists events that occurred during 1941 in Estonia. Incumbents Events * German troops took with help of the Forest Brothers Estonia over from the Soviets. *14 June – mass deportations by Soviet Union authorities take place in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. *22 June – Germany attacked Soviet Union, Estonian partisans ( Forest Brothers) started revolting in Southern Estonia. *28 August – sinking of a Soviet steamer with 3500 Soviet-mobilized Estonian men on board, 598 of them died. *1 December – Self-government of Estonia, headed by Hjalmar Mäe, is appointed by German military administration. Births *22 January – Jaan Kaplinski, writer *25 November – Tiit Lilleorg, actor (d. 2021) *4 December – Leila Säälik Leila Säälik (born 4 December 1941) is an Estonian stage, film and radio actress. Early life and education Leila Säälik was born in Tallinn. Her father was a machinist and her mother was a seamstress. She attended primary and seconda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1941
Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January– August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Euthanasia Centre in Germany, in the first phase of mass killings under the Action T4 program here. * January 1 – Thailand's Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram decrees January 1 as the official start of the Thai solar calendar new year (thus the previous year that began April 1 had only 9 months). * January 3 – A decree (''Normalschrifterlass'') promulgated in Germany by Martin Bormann, on behalf of Adolf Hitler, requires replacement of blackletter typefaces by Antiqua. * January 4 – The short subject '' Elmer's Pet Rabbit'' is released, marking the second appearance of Bugs Bunny, and also the first to have his name on a title card. * January 5 – WWII: Battle of Bardia in Libya: Australian and British troop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,200 other islands and islets on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, covering a total area of . The capital city Tallinn and Tartu are the two largest urban areas of the country. The Estonian language is the autochthonous and the official language of Estonia; it is the first language of the majority of its population, as well as the world's second most spoken Finnic language. The land of what is now modern Estonia has been inhabited by '' Homo sapiens'' since at least 9,000 BC. The medieval indigenous population of Estonia was one of the last "pagan" civilisations in Europe to adop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG),, is a country in Central Europe. It is the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany lies between the Baltic and North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its 16 constituent states have a total population of over 84 million in an area of . It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and Czechia to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Settlement in what is now Germany began in the Lower Paleolithic, with various tribes inhabiting it from the Neolithic onward, chiefly the Celts. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity. A region named Germania was documented before AD 100. In 962, the Kingdom of Germany formed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forest Brothers
The Guerrilla war in the Baltic states was an armed struggle which was waged by the Latvian, Lithuanian, and Estonian partisans, called the Forest Brothers (also: the "Brothers of the Wood" and the "Forest Friars"; et, metsavennad, lv, mežabrāļi, lt, žaliukai), against the Soviet Union during the Soviet invasion and occupation of the three Baltic states both during and after World War II. Similar anti-Soviet Central and Eastern European resistance groups fought against Soviet and communist rule in Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, and western Ukraine. The Red Army occupied the independent Baltic states in 1940–1941 and, after a period of German occupation, it re-occupied them in 1944–1945. As Stalinist repression intensified over the following years, some 50,000 residents of these countries used the heavily forested countryside as a natural refuge and base for armed anti-Soviet insurgency. According to some estimates, 10,000 partisans in Estonia, 10,000 partisans i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a Federation, federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, fifteen national republics; in practice, both Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, its economy were highly Soviet-type economic planning, centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Saint Petersburg, Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kyiv, Kiev (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian SSR), Minsk (Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian SSR), Tas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuania
Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania shares land borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Russia to the southwest. It has a maritime border with Sweden to the west on the Baltic Sea. Lithuania covers an area of , with a population of 2.8 million. Its capital and largest city is Vilnius; other major cities are Kaunas and Klaipėda. Lithuanians belong to the ethno-linguistic group of the Balts and speak Lithuanian, one of only a few living Baltic languages. For millennia the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various Baltic tribes. In the 1230s, Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas, becoming king and founding the Kingdom of Lithuania on 6 July 1253. In the 14th century, the Grand Duchy of Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Self-Administration
Estonian Self-Administration ( et, Eesti Omavalitsus, german: Estnische Selbstverwaltung), also known as the ''Directorate'', was the puppet government set up in Estonia during the occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany. It was headed by Hjalmar Mäe. The Estonian Self-Administration was subordinated to the administration of Generalbezirk Estland and its directors were appointed by the chief of the Generalbezirk, Commissioner-General Karl-Siegmund Litzmann. According to the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity (referred to as the Commission below), Although the Directorate did not have complete freedom of action, it exercised a significant measure of autonomy, within the framework of German policy, political, racial and economic. For example, the Directors exercised their powers pursuant to the laws and regulations of the Republic of Estonia, but only to the extent that these had not been repealed or amended by the German military co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hjalmar Mäe
Hjalmar-Johannes Mäe ( in Tuhala, Kreis Harrien, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire – 10 April 1978 in Graz, Austria) was an Estonian politician. Mäe was twice a candidate to the Riigikogu, in the 1929 Estonian parliamentary election as a Landlords' Party candidate and in the 1932 Estonian parliamentary election as a National Centre Party candidate. Later he joined the Vaps Movement. He was the Head of the Directorate of the Estonian Self-Administration, which was subordinate to Reichskommissariat Ostland, during the occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ..., and took part in the first investigation of the Nemmersdorf massacre. References 1901 births 1978 deaths People from Kose Parish People from Kreis Harrien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaan Kaplinski
Jaan Kaplinski (22 January 1941 – 8 August 2021 ) was an Estonian poet, philosopher, politician, and culture critic, known for his focus on global issues and support for left-wing/ liberal thinking. He was influenced by Eastern philosophical schools (Taoism and especially Buddhism). He worked as a translator, editor, and sociologist and as an ecologist at the Tallinn Botanic Garden. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Early life and education Kaplinski was born 22 January 1941 in Tartu to Polish teacher Jerzy Kaplinski and Estonian dancer Nora Raudsepp-Kaplinski. He studied Romance language and linguistics at the University of Tartu, graduating as a French philologist in 1964. Career Kaplinski worked as a translator, editor, and sociologist, and ecologist at the Tallinn Botanic Garden. Political career From 1992 to 1995 Kaplinski was a member of the Riigikogu (the Estonian parliament). He was originally a candidate on the Centre Party list, but soon b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiit Lilleorg
Tiit Lilleorg (25 November 1941 – 15 January 2021) was an Estonian stage, film and television actor and co-founder and director of the Ida Dance School. Early life Tiit Lilleorg was born in Tartu, Estonia. His father Toivo Lilleorg was a journalist, and his mother was soprano and musician Helga Lilleorg (née Hansson). Lilleorg grew up with the theatre, as his mother performed as a choral singer, soloist, concertmaster and teacher at the Vanemuine theatre in Tartu. He studied acting at the Tallinn State Conservatory (now, the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre) from 1961 until 1963, and the Leningrad Conservatory from 1966 until 1968.Postimees ''Tiit Lilleorul on tõmme teatri, tule ja tähtede poole''. 2 October 2013. Stage career From 1967 until 1976, he worked as an act ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leila Säälik
Leila Säälik (born 4 December 1941) is an Estonian stage, film and radio actress. Early life and education Leila Säälik was born in Tallinn. Her father was a machinist and her mother was a seamstress. She attended primary and secondary schools in Tallinn, graduating from Tallinn 7th Secondary School in 1960. Afterward, she enrolled at the Viljandi Cultural School (now, the University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy), graduating in 1963. Stage career In 1962, while still a student at the Viljandi Culture Academy, Säälik became engaged at the Ugala theatre in Viljandi as an actress. Säälik's career at the Ugala was prolific and she would perform as an actress until her retirement from the Ugala in 2008; 46 years. She made her stage debut as Liis in the August Kitzberg and Juhan Simm Estonian language '' singspiel'' ''Kosjasõit'' in 1962. During her long career at the Ugala, Säälik has appeared in roles in productions of such varied international authors and playwrights ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evald Hermaküla
Evald Hermaküla (6 December 1941 – 16 May 2000) was an Estonian actor and director. Hermaküla was born in the village of Maardu in Jõelähtme Parish. In 1965 he graduated from the University of Tartu in geology. In 1965 he also finished his studies at Vanemuine Theatre Studio in Tartu. From 1962 he was an actor and from 1969 a stage director in Vanemuine theatre. He also directed and appeared as an actor films and television. Hermaküla committed suicide by hanging on 16 May 2000 in Kadriorg Park in Tallinn, aged 58. He was buried in Tallinn's Forest Cemetery. At the time of his death, he was married to actress Kaie Mihkelson. Selected filmography * 1965 ''Me olime 18-aastased'' * 1965 ''Mäeküla piimamees'' * 1966 ''Tütarlaps mustas'' * 1968 ''Libahunt'' * 1970 ''Tuulevaikus'' * 1985 ''Puud olid...'' * 1985 ''Naerata ometi ''Games for Schoolchildren'' or ''Well, Come On, Smile''; ( et, Naerata ometi) is a 1985 Soviet Estonian drama film directed by Arvo Iho an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
