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Bundesliga Scandal (1971)
The Bundesliga scandal (''der Bundesliga-Skandal'') refers to the malicious, for-profit manipulation of games in the 1970–71 German football championship season. History The manipulation of games was revealed when the president of Kickers Offenbach, Horst-Gregorio Canellas, presented an audio-tape to DFB officials and a few journalists at his 50th birthday garden-party. In that tape, several players, including German internationals Bernd Patzke and Manfred Manglitz, could be heard offering to let themselves be bribed to help Offenbach avoid relegation. The chief prosecutor of the DFB, Hans Kindermann, found out that, amongst others, the 17 April 1971 game between FC Schalke and Arminia Bielefeld that ended 0–1, had been "sold" (or thrown) by Schalke's players and the board of directors. Afterwards, many of the Schalke players were banned for long periods, while several lifetime bans were imposed. The players maintained their innocence, and even swore an oath to that, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malice (law)
Malice is a legal term which refers to a party's intention to do injury to another party. Malice is either ''expressed'' or ''implied''. For example, malice is expressed when there is manifested a deliberate intention to unlawfully take away the life of a human being. Malice is implied when no considerable provocation appears, or when the circumstances attending the killing show an abandoned and malignant heart. Malice, in a legal sense, may be inferred from the evidence and imputed to the defendant, depending on the nature of the case. In many kinds of cases, malice must be found to exist in order to convict. (For example, malice is an element of the crime of arson in many jurisdictions.) In civil law cases, a finding of malice allows for the award of greater damages, or for punitive damages. The legal concept of malice is most common in Anglo-American law, and in legal systems derived from the English common law system. In English civil law (being the law of England and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |