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Boundary-work
In science studies, boundary-work comprises instances in which boundaries, demarcations, or other divisions between fields of knowledge are created, advocated, attacked, or reinforced. Such delineations often have high stakes involved for the participants, and carries with it the implication that such boundaries are flexible and socially constructed. Thomas F. Gieryn The original use of the term "boundary-work" for these sorts of issues has been attributed to Thomas F. Gieryn, a sociologist, who initially used it to discuss the problem of demarcation, the philosophical difficulty of coming up with a rigorous delineation between what is "science" and what is " non-science". Gieryn defined boundary-work as the "attribution of selected characteristics to ninstitution of science (i.e., to its practitioners, methods, stock of knowledge, values and work organization) for purposes of constructing a social boundary that distinguishes some intellectual activities as utside that bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-science
A non-science is an area of study that is not scientific, especially one that is not a natural science or a social science that is an object of scientific inquiry. In this model, history, art, and religion are all examples of non-sciences. Classifying knowledge Since the 17th century, some writers have used the word ''science'' to exclude some areas of studies, such as the arts and the liberal arts. The word ''nonscience'', to describe non-scientific academic disciplines, was first used in the middle of the 19th century. In some cases, it can be difficult to identify exact boundaries between science and non-science. The demarcation problem is the study of the difficulties in determining whether certain fields of study, near the boundaries of science and non-science, should be considered as one or the other. No single test has yet been devised that can clearly separate science from non-science, but some factors, taken as a whole and evaluated over time, are commonly used. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
