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Bombardment Of Tourane (1856)
The second French bombardment of Tourane (Đà Nẵng) took place on 26 September 1856, between the first bombardment in 1847 and the third bombardment at the start of the Cochinchina campaign in 1858. Tự Đức, who succeeded to the throne in 1847, increased the persecution of Christians in Vietnam. At first, he only forbade the missionaries to proselytise on pain of death. Later, he instituted bounties for the heads of foreign missionaries and Vietnamese converts.Charles Boswell Norman''Tonkin, or France in the Far East''(Chapman and Hall, 1884), pp. 54–55. Two French missionaries, Jean-Louis Bonnard and Augustin Schoeffler, were executed.Mark W. McLeod, ''The Vietnamese Response to French Intervention, 1862–1874'' (Praeger, 1991), pp. 39–40. In 1856, the French government decided to formally protest. The sloop of war ''Catinat'' under Commander William Le Lieur de Ville-sur-Arce was then at Bangkok waiting to escort the special envoy Charles de Montigny to Vietnam in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second French Empire
The Second French Empire (; officially the French Empire, ), was the 18-year Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 14 January 1852 to 27 October 1870, between the Second and the Third Republic of France. Historians in the 1930s and 1940s often disparaged the Second Empire as a precursor of fascism. That interpretation is no longer widely held, and by the late 20th century they were giving it as an example of a modernising regime. Historians have generally given the Empire negative evaluations on its foreign policy, and somewhat more positive evaluations of domestic policies, especially after Napoleon III liberalised his rule after 1858. He promoted French business and exports. The greatest achievements included a grand railway network that facilitated commerce and tied the nation together with Paris as its hub. This stimulated economic growth and brought prosperity to most regions of the country. The Second Empire is given high credit for the rebuilding of Par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |