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Blattabacterium
''Blattabacterium'' is a genus of obligate mutualistic endosymbiont bacteria that are believed to inhabit all species of cockroach studied to date, with the exception of the genus ''Nocticola''. The genus' presence in the termite ''Mastotermes darwiniensis'' led to speculation, later confirmed, that termites and cockroaches are evolutionarily linked. Diversity ''B. cuenoti'' was traditionally considered the only species in the genus ''Blattabacterium'', which is in turn the only genus in the family Blattabacteriaceae. However, three new species have been described hosted by different species of cockroaches in the genus ''Cryptocercus'': * ''Blattabacterium relictus'' in ''Cryptocercus relictus'' * ''B. clevelandi'' in '' C. clevelandi'', and * ''B. punctulatus'' in '' C. darwini'', '' C. garciai'', '' C. punctulatus'' and '' C. wrighti''. The ancient (~150 My) genus retains throughout a core set of metabolic genes. According to the GTDB, the many strains of the genus have ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blattabacterium Cuenoti
''Blattabacterium'' is a genus of obligate mutualistic endosymbiont bacteria that are believed to inhabit all species of cockroach studied to date, with the exception of the genus '' Nocticola''. The genus' presence in the termite ''Mastotermes darwiniensis'' led to speculation, later confirmed, that termites and cockroaches are evolutionarily linked. Diversity ''B. cuenoti'' was traditionally considered the only species in the genus ''Blattabacterium'', which is in turn the only genus in the family Blattabacteriaceae. However, three new species have been described hosted by different species of cockroaches in the genus ''Cryptocercus'': * ''Blattabacterium relictus'' in ''Cryptocercus relictus'' * ''B. clevelandi'' in '' C. clevelandi'', and * ''B. punctulatus'' in '' C. darwini'', '' C. garciai'', '' C. punctulatus'' and '' C. wrighti''. The ancient (~150 My) genus retains throughout a core set of metabolic genes. According to the GTDB, the many strains of the genus have n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cockroach
Cockroaches (or roaches) are a Paraphyly, paraphyletic group of insects belonging to Blattodea, containing all members of the group except termites. About 30 cockroach species out of 4,600 are associated with human habitats. Some species are well-known as Pest (organism), pests. The cockroaches are an ancient group, with their ancestors, known as "Roachoid, roachoids", originating during the Carboniferous period, some 320 million years ago. Those early ancestors, however, lacked the internal ovipositors of modern roaches. Cockroaches are somewhat generalized insects lacking special adaptations (such as the sucking Insect mouthparts, mouthparts of aphids and other Hemiptera, true bugs); they have chewing mouthparts and are probably among the most primitive of living Neopteran insects. They are common and hardy insects capable of tolerating a wide range of Köppen climate classification, climates, from Arctic cold to Tropics, tropical heat. Tropical cockroaches are often much larg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nocticola
''Nocticola'' is a genus of cockroaches in the family Nocticolidae distributed in Africa, south-east Asia and Australia. Nocticola are different from every other cockroach in that they are not infected with '' Blattabacterium cuenoti''. This makes them the only genus in Blattodea that do not have the bacteria. Species There are currently 24 known species: * '' Nocticola adebratti'' * '' Nocticola australiensis'' * '' Nocticola babindaensis'' * '' Nocticola bolivari'' * '' Nocticola brooksi'' * '' Nocticola caeca'' * '' Nocticola clavata'' * '' Nocticola cockingi'' * '' Nocticola currani'' * '' Nocticola decaryi'' * '' Nocticola flabella'' * '' Nocticola gerlachi'': Gerlach's cockroach (endangered An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and in ...) * '' Nocticola gonzalezi'' * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, Hot spring, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the nitrogen fixation, fixation of nitrogen from the Earth's atmosphere, atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of cadaver, dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptocercus
''Cryptocercus'' is a genus of Dictyoptera (cockroaches and allies) and the sole member of its own family Cryptocercidae. Species are known as wood roaches or brown-hooded cockroaches. These roaches are subsocial, their young requiring considerable parental interaction. They also share wood-digesting gut bacteria types with wood-eating termites, and are therefore seen as evidence of a close genetic relationship, that termites are essentially evolved from social cockroaches. ''Cryptocercus'' is especially notable for sharing numerous characteristics with termites, and phylogenetic studies have shown this genus is more closely related to termites than it is to other cockroaches.Djernæs, M., et al. 2012Phylogeny of cockroaches (Insecta, Dictyoptera, Blattodea), with placement of aberrant taxa and exploration of out-group sampling.''Systematic Entomology'' 37(1): 65–83. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00598.x. Species Found in North America and (especially temperate) Asia, there are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fat Bodies
Adipose tissue, body fat, or simply fat is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes. In addition to adipocytes, adipose tissue contains the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of cells including preadipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and a variety of immune cells such as adipose tissue macrophages. Adipose tissue is derived from preadipocytes. Its main role is to store energy in the form of lipids, although it also cushions and insulates the body. Far from being hormonally inert, adipose tissue has, in recent years, been recognized as a major endocrine organ, as it produces hormones such as leptin, estrogen, resistin, and cytokines (especially TNFα). In obesity, adipose tissue is also implicated in the chronic release of pro-inflammatory markers known as adipokines, which are responsible for the development of metabolic syndrome, a constellation of diseases including, but not limited to, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and atherosclero ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karelsulcia
"''Candidatus'' Karelsulcia muelleri" is an aerobic organism, aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria, gram-negative, Bacillus (shape), bacillus bacterium that is a part of the phylum Bacteroidota. "''Ca.'' K. muelleri" is an obligate and mutualism (biology), mutualistic Symbiosis, symbiotic microbe commonly found occupying specialized cell compartments of sap-feeding insects called bacteriocytes. A majority of the research done on "''Ca.'' K. muelleri" has detailed its relationship with the host ''Homalodisca vitripennis''. Other studies have documented the nature of its residency in other insects like the maize leafhopper (''Cicadulina'') or the spittlebug (''Cercopoidea''). "''Ca.'' K. muelleri" is noted for its exceptionally minimal genome and it is currently identified as having the smallest known sequenced Bacteroidota genome at only 245 kilobases. Discovery "''Ca.'' K. muelleri" was classified under microscope in 2005 by the evolutionary biologist Nancy A. Moran. The endosymbiont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GTDB
The Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) is an online database that maintains information on a proposed nomenclature of prokaryotes, following a phylogenomic approach based on a set of conserved single-copy proteins. In addition to breaking up paraphyletic groups, this method also reassigns taxonomic ranks algorithmically, creating new names in both cases. Information for archaea was added in 2020, along with a species classification based on average nucleotide identity. Each update incorporates new genomes as well as human adjustments to the taxonomy. An open-source tool called GTDB-Tk is available to classify draft genomes into the GTDB hierarchy. The GTDB system, via GTDB-Tk, has been used to catalogue not-yet-named bacteria in the human gut microbiome and other metagenomic sources. The GTDB is incorporated into the ''Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria'' in 2019 as its phylogenomic resource. See also * PhyloCode * National Center for Biotechnology Informa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptocercus Wrighti
''Cryptocercus wrighti'' is a species of cockroach in the family Cryptocercidae ''Cryptocercus'' is a genus of Dictyoptera (cockroaches and allies) and the sole member of its own family Cryptocercidae. Species are known as wood roaches or brown-hooded cockroaches. These roaches are subsocial, their young requiring considera .... It is found in North America. References Further reading * * Cockroaches Articles created by Qbugbot Insects described in 1999 {{cockroach-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptocercus Punctulatus
''Cryptocercus punctulatus'', known generally as brown-hooded cockroach, is a species of cockroach in the family Cryptocercidae. Other common names include the woodroach, wingless wood roach, and eastern wood-eating cockroach. It is found in North America. Geographical Distribution ''C. punctulatus'' are distributed within the Eastern United States of America, concentrated within the Appalachian Mountains of Western Virginia, and Pennsylvania. They share this habitat with three other closely related family species, '' C. darwini'', ''C.'' ''garciai'', and '' C. wrighti,'' although no sympatry has been documented among the species. They inhabit temperate forests within the Appalachian mountain range and Allegheny mountains in either deciduous forests or forests mixed with both deciduous and coniferous trees. They are predominantly found in elevations greater than 400 meters above sea level. ''C. punctulatus'' can be found in western Virginia, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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