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Blas Cabrera
Blas Cabrera y Felipe (May 20, 1878 – August 1, 1945) was a Spanish physicist. He worked in the domain of experimental physics with focus in the magnetic properties of matter. He is considered one of the greatest scientists of Spain and one of the founders of the study of physical sciences in his country. Biography Cabrera received his baccalaureate in La Laguna (Tenerife, Spain). He then moved to Madrid where he began studying law, following family tradition. He met at that time Santiago Ramón y Cajal, who convinced him to abandon law and study science. He graduated from the Universidad Central de Madrid (present day Complutense University of Madrid) in Physics and Mathematics, earning a doctorate in Physics in 1901 with thesis ''Sobre la Variación Diurna de la Componente Horizontal del Viento'' written under the supervision of Santiago Ramón y Cajal. He was an experimental physicist, and developed his interests mostly in the field of magnetic properties of matter, ach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blas Cabrera Y Felipe (MUNCYT, Eulogia Merle)
Blas Cabrera y Felipe (May 20, 1878 – August 1, 1945) was a Spanish physicist. He worked in the domain of experimental physics with focus in the magnetic properties of matter. He is considered one of the greatest scientists of Spain and one of the founders of the study of physical sciences in his country. Biography Cabrera received his baccalaureate in La Laguna (Tenerife, Spain). He then moved to Madrid where he began studying law, following family tradition. He met at that time Santiago Ramón y Cajal, who convinced him to abandon law and study science. He graduated from the Universidad Central de Madrid (present day Complutense University of Madrid) in Physics and Mathematics, earning a doctorate in Physics in 1901 with thesis ''Sobre la Variación Diurna de la Componente Horizontal del Viento'' written under the supervision of Santiago Ramón y Cajal. He was an experimental physicist, and developed his interests mostly in the field of magnetic properties of matter, ach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arrecife, Lanzarote
Arrecife (; ; ) is the capital city and a municipality of Lanzarote in the Canary Islands. It was made the island's capital in 1852. The city owes its name to the rock reef ("arrecife" being Spanish for "reef") which covers its local beach. It also gives its name to the nearby Arrecife Airport. The population of the municipality was 64,645 in 2020. Its area is . Arrecife is located south of Teguise and east of San Bartolomé, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to its southeast. It is a port town, served by ferries to the other Canary Islands, Europe, and Africa. The LZ1 road connects Arrecife to the northeast of the island, the LZ2 road connects it to the southwest, and the LZ3 road serves as the city's beltway. The tallest building in Lanzarote is the Arrecife Gran Hotel, which is located on the seafront alongside the harbour. History The earliest records of Arrecife date from the fifteenth century when it was a small fishing settlement. The name, given then as ''Arre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Junta De Ampliación De Estudios
Junta may refer to: Government and military * Junta (governing body) (from Spanish), the name of various historical and current governments and governing institutions, including civil ones ** Military junta, one form of junta, government led by a committee of military officers * Junta (Habsburg), an administrative body that ruled in personal union with the Spanish Habsburgs * Junta (Peninsular War), resistance governments in Spain during the Peninsular War * Junta (Spanish American Independence), resistance governments during the Spanish American wars of independence * ; see Cuban National Party * Whig Junto, early 18th century political faction Arts and entertainment * ''Junta'' (album), a 1989 album by Phish * ''Junta'' (game), a board game from West End Games * Junta (comics), a fictional Marvel Comics character * ''The Junta of the Philippines'', an 1815 painting by Francisco Goya People * Junta Terashima, Japanese voice actor * Thomas Junta, American hockey dad attac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnetic Susceptibility
In electromagnetism, the magnetic susceptibility (Latin: , "receptive"; denoted ) is a measure of how much a material will become magnetized in an applied magnetic field. It is the ratio of magnetization (magnetic moment per unit volume) to the applied magnetizing field intensity . This allows a simple classification, into two categories, of most materials' responses to an applied magnetic field: an alignment with the magnetic field, , called paramagnetism, or an alignment against the field, , called diamagnetism. Magnetic susceptibility indicates whether a material is attracted into or repelled out of a magnetic field. Paramagnetic materials align with the applied field and are attracted to regions of greater magnetic field. Diamagnetic materials are anti-aligned and are pushed away, toward regions of lower magnetic fields. On top of the applied field, the magnetization of the material adds its own magnetic field, causing the field lines to concentrate in paramagnetism, or be exc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Least Squares
The method of least squares is a standard approach in regression analysis to approximate the solution of overdetermined systems (sets of equations in which there are more equations than unknowns) by minimizing the sum of the squares of the residuals (a residual being the difference between an observed value and the fitted value provided by a model) made in the results of each individual equation. The most important application is in data fitting. When the problem has substantial uncertainties in the independent variable (the ''x'' variable), then simple regression and least-squares methods have problems; in such cases, the methodology required for fitting errors-in-variables models may be considered instead of that for least squares. Least squares problems fall into two categories: linear or ordinary least squares and nonlinear least squares, depending on whether or not the residuals are linear in all unknowns. The linear least-squares problem occurs in statistical regress ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Errors And Residuals In Statistics
In statistics and optimization, errors and residuals are two closely related and easily confused measures of the deviation of an observed value of an element of a statistical sample from its "true value" (not necessarily observable). The error of an observation is the deviation of the observed value from the true value of a quantity of interest (for example, a population mean). The residual is the difference between the observed value and the '' estimated'' value of the quantity of interest (for example, a sample mean). The distinction is most important in regression analysis, where the concepts are sometimes called the regression errors and regression residuals and where they lead to the concept of studentized residuals. In econometrics, "errors" are also called disturbances. Introduction Suppose there is a series of observations from a univariate distribution and we want to estimate the mean of that distribution (the so-called location model). In this case, the errors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnetic Moment
In electromagnetism, the magnetic moment is the magnetic strength and orientation of a magnet or other object that produces a magnetic field. Examples of objects that have magnetic moments include loops of electric current (such as electromagnets), permanent magnets, elementary particles (such as electrons), various molecules, and many astronomical objects (such as many planets, some moons, stars, etc). More precisely, the term ''magnetic moment'' normally refers to a system's magnetic dipole moment, the component of the magnetic moment that can be represented by an equivalent magnetic dipole: a magnetic north and south pole separated by a very small distance. The magnetic dipole component is sufficient for small enough magnets or for large enough distances. Higher-order terms (such as the magnetic quadrupole moment) may be needed in addition to the dipole moment for extended objects. The magnetic dipole moment of an object is readily defined in terms of the torque that the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curie Point
In physics and materials science, the Curie temperature (''T''C), or Curie point, is the temperature above which certain materials lose their permanent magnetic properties, which can (in most cases) be replaced by induced magnetism. The Curie temperature is named after Pierre Curie, who showed that magnetism was lost at a critical temperature. The force of magnetism is determined by the magnetic moment, a dipole moment within an atom which originates from the angular momentum and spin of electrons. Materials have different structures of intrinsic magnetic moments that depend on temperature; the Curie temperature is the critical point at which a material's intrinsic magnetic moments change direction. Permanent magnetism is caused by the alignment of magnetic moments and induced magnetism is created when disordered magnetic moments are forced to align in an applied magnetic field. For example, the ordered magnetic moments (ferromagnetic, Figure 1) change and become disordere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curie Law
For many paramagnetic materials, the magnetization of the material is directly proportional to an applied magnetic field, for sufficiently high temperatures and small fields. However, if the material is heated, this proportionality is reduced. For a fixed value of the field, the magnetic susceptibility is inversely proportional to temperature, that is : M = \chi H, \quad \chi = \frac, where : \chi>0 is the (volume) magnetic susceptibility, : M is the magnitude of the resulting magnetization ( A/ m), : H is the magnitude of the applied magnetic field (A/m), : T is absolute temperature ( K), : C is a material-specific Curie constant (K). This relation was discovered experimentally (by fitting the results to a correctly-guessed model) by Pierre Curie. It only holds for high temperatures and weak magnetic fields. As the derivations below show, the magnetization saturates in the opposite limit of low temperatures and strong fields. If Curie constant is null, other magnetic effects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weiss Magneton
The Weiss magneton was an experimentally derived unit of magnetic moment equal to joules per tesla, which is about 20% of the Bohr magneton. It was suggested in 1911 by Pierre Weiss. Origin The idea of elementary magnets originated from the Swiss physicist Walther Ritz, who tried to explain atomic spectra. In 1907 he suggested that atoms might contain chains of magnetized and neutral rods, which were the cause of magnetic properties of materials. Just like elementary charges, this was supposed to give rise to discrete values of the total magnetic moment per atom. In 1909, Weiss performed measurements of the saturation magnetization at the temperature of liquid hydrogen in the laboratory of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in Leiden. In 1911, Weiss announced that the molar moments of nickel and iron had the ratio of 3:11, from which he derived the value of a magneton. Comparisons with early quantum theory Weiss gave an address about the magneton at a conference in Karlsruhe in September ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arturo Duperier
Arturo is a Spanish and Italian variant of the name Arthur. People *Arturo Álvarez (footballer, born 1985), American-born Salvadoran footballer * Arturo Álvarez (footballer, born 1959), Mexican footballer *Arthuro Henrique Bernhardt (b. 1982), Brazilian football (soccer) player *Arturo Brachetti (born 1957), Italian quick-change artist *Arturo Bragaglia (1893–1962), Italian actor * Arturo Bravo (born 1958), Mexican racewalker * Arturo Casadevall (born 1957), American physician *Arturo Castro (Mexican actor) (1918–1975), Mexican actor *Arturo Castro (Guatemalan actor), Guatemalan actor *Arturo Corvalán (born 1978), Chilean road cyclist * Arturo De Vecchi (1898–1988), Italian fencer *Arturo Di Modica (1941–2021), Italian-born American artist * Arturo Di Napoli (born 1974), Italian soccer (UK: football) coach *Arturo Dominici (1918–1992), Italian actor and dubbing artist * Arturo Freeman, American football player *Arturo Frondizi (1908–1995), 35th President of Argentina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enrique Moles Ormella
Enrique Moles Ormella (26 August 1883 – 30 March 1953) was a Spanish pharmacist, physicist, and chemist, most notable for his work on atomic weights of the elements. Enrique Moles is considered one of the foremost Spanish chemists of his time. Life Early life Enrique Moles was born on 26 August 1883 in Vila de Gràcia near Barcelona to Pedro Moles Alrich and Maria Ormella Figuerola, both of which died while he was still infant. Studies Moles obtained the bachelor's degree from Colegio Iberico in Barcelona, and in 1900 he entered to study pharmacy at the Complutense University of Madrid. In 1906 he obtained the Doctor of Pharmacy. In 1909 Moles went to study in the University of Munich and in 1910 he attended the University of Leipzig to work on determination of atomic weights under Dr. K. Drucker. In 1916, Moles studied with Prof. Philippe A. Guye at the University of Geneva to establish the atomic weight of bromine, and he received the degree Doctor of Physics from the Univer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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