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Biebersteiniaceae
''Biebersteinia'' is a genus containing five species, of herbs in the flowering plant order Sapindales. They occur from East Mediterranean to West Siberia and Central Asia. They are normally stemless and have tuberous rhizomes.Armen Takhtajan In 1806, Christian Friedrich Stephan formed the genus ''Biebersteinia'', then in 1841 Endlicher converted it to a family status. This was the start of various changes to the genus. It was then placed in Geraniaceae by Pierre Edmond Boissier, in 1867, and changed by various botanists (including Knuth (1912), Thorne (1992), Cronquist (1981, 1988), Dahlgren (1989) and Takhtajan (1987 and 1997)). In 2007, molecular phylogenetic studies have given it a basal position within Sapindales. In the APG III system and in the Kubitzki system, it is placed in its own monogeneric family, Biebersteiniaceae, one of the few herbaceous members of Sapindales (the others being found in Rutaceae). The name refers to a German botanist Friedrich August Marsc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biebersteinia Emodii
''Biebersteinia'' is a genus containing five species, of herbs in the flowering plant order Sapindales. They occur from East Mediterranean to West Siberia and Central Asia. They are normally stemless and have tuberous rhizomes.Armen Takhtajan In 1806, Christian Friedrich Stephan formed the genus ''Biebersteinia'', then in 1841 Endlicher converted it to a family status. This was the start of various changes to the genus. It was then placed in Geraniaceae by Pierre Edmond Boissier, in 1867, and changed by various botanists (including Knuth (1912), Thorne (1992), Cronquist (1981, 1988), Dahlgren (1989) and Takhtajan (1987 and 1997)). In 2007, molecular phylogenetic studies have given it a basal position within Sapindales. In the APG III system and in the Kubitzki system, it is placed in its own monogeneric family, Biebersteiniaceae, one of the few herbaceous members of Sapindales (the others being found in Rutaceae). The name refers to a German botanist Friedrich August ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biebersteinia Heterostemon
''Biebersteinia'' is a genus containing five species, of herbs in the flowering plant order Sapindales. They occur from East Mediterranean to West Siberia and Central Asia. They are normally stemless and have tuberous rhizomes.Armen Takhtajan In 1806, Christian Friedrich Stephan formed the genus ''Biebersteinia'', then in 1841 Endlicher converted it to a family status. This was the start of various changes to the genus. It was then placed in Geraniaceae by Pierre Edmond Boissier, in 1867, and changed by various botanists (including Knuth (1912), Thorne (1992), Cronquist (1981, 1988), Dahlgren (1989) and Takhtajan (1987 and 1997)). In 2007, molecular phylogenetic studies have given it a basal position within Sapindales. In the APG III system and in the Kubitzki system, it is placed in its own monogeneric family, Biebersteiniaceae, one of the few herbaceous members of Sapindales (the others being found in Rutaceae). The name refers to a German botanist Friedrich August ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biebersteinia Multifida
''Biebersteinia'' is a genus containing five species, of herbs in the flowering plant order Sapindales. They occur from East Mediterranean to West Siberia and Central Asia. They are normally stemless and have tuberous rhizomes.Armen Takhtajan In 1806, Christian Friedrich Stephan formed the genus ''Biebersteinia'', then in 1841 Endlicher converted it to a family status. This was the start of various changes to the genus. It was then placed in Geraniaceae by Pierre Edmond Boissier, in 1867, and changed by various botanists (including Knuth (1912), Thorne (1992), Cronquist (1981, 1988), Dahlgren (1989) and Takhtajan (1987 and 1997)). In 2007, molecular phylogenetic studies have given it a basal position within Sapindales. In the APG III system and in the Kubitzki system, it is placed in its own monogeneric family, Biebersteiniaceae, one of the few herbaceous members of Sapindales (the others being found in Rutaceae). The name refers to a German botanist Friedrich August ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biebersteinia Odora
''Biebersteinia'' is a genus containing five species, of herbs in the flowering plant order Sapindales. They occur from East Mediterranean to West Siberia and Central Asia. They are normally stemless and have tuberous rhizomes.Armen Takhtajan In 1806, Christian Friedrich Stephan formed the genus ''Biebersteinia'', then in 1841 Endlicher converted it to a family status. This was the start of various changes to the genus. It was then placed in Geraniaceae by Pierre Edmond Boissier, in 1867, and changed by various botanists (including Knuth (1912), Thorne (1992), Cronquist (1981, 1988), Dahlgren (1989) and Takhtajan (1987 and 1997)). In 2007, molecular phylogenetic studies have given it a basal position within Sapindales. In the APG III system and in the Kubitzki system, it is placed in its own monogeneric family, Biebersteiniaceae, one of the few herbaceous members of Sapindales (the others being found in Rutaceae). The name refers to a German botanist Friedrich August ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biebersteinia Orphanidis
''Biebersteinia'' is a genus containing five species, of herbs in the flowering plant order Sapindales. They occur from East Mediterranean to West Siberia and Central Asia. They are normally stemless and have tuberous rhizomes.Armen Takhtajan In 1806, Christian Friedrich Stephan formed the genus ''Biebersteinia'', then in 1841 Endlicher converted it to a family status. This was the start of various changes to the genus. It was then placed in Geraniaceae by Pierre Edmond Boissier, in 1867, and changed by various botanists (including Knuth (1912), Thorne (1992), Cronquist (1981, 1988), Dahlgren (1989) and Takhtajan (1987 and 1997)). In 2007, molecular phylogenetic studies have given it a basal position within Sapindales. In the APG III system and in the Kubitzki system, it is placed in its own monogeneric family, Biebersteiniaceae, one of the few herbaceous members of Sapindales (the others being found in Rutaceae). The name refers to a German botanist Friedrich August ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapindales
Sapindales is an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem. The APG III system of 2009 includes it in the clade malvids (in rosids, in eudicots) with the following nine families: *Anacardiaceae * Biebersteiniaceae *Burseraceae * Kirkiaceae *Meliaceae * Nitrariaceae (including Peganaceae and Tetradiclidaceae) *Rutaceae *Sapindaceae * Simaroubaceae The APG II system of 2003 allowed the optional segregation of families now included in the Nitrariaceae. In the classification system of Dahlgren the Rutaceae were placed in the order Rutales, in the superorder Rutiflorae (also called Rutanae). The Cronquist system of 1981 used a somewhat different circumscription, including the following families: * Staphyleaceae * Melianthaceae *Bretschneideraceae * Akaniaceae *Sapindaceae * Hippocastanaceae * Aceraceae *Burseraceae *Anacardiaceae *Jul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG III System
The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Published in 2009, it was superseded in 2016 by a further revision, the APG IV system. Along with the publication outlining the new system, there were two accompanying publications in the same issue of the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society: * The first, by Chase & Reveal, was a formal phylogenetic classification of all land plants (embryophytes), compatible with the APG III classification. As the APG have chosen to eschew ranks above order, this paper was meant to fit the system into the existing Linnaean hierarchy for those that prefer such a classification. The result was that all land plants were placed in the class Equisetopsida, which was then divided into 16 subclasses and a multitude of superorders. * The second, by Haston ''et al.'', was a linear sequence of families follo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kubitzki System
The Kubitzki system is a system of plant taxonomy devised by Klaus Kubitzki, and is the product of an ongoing survey of vascular plants, entitled ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'', and extending to 15 volumes in 2018. The survey, in the form of an encyclopedia, is important as a comprehensive, multivolume treatment of the vascular plants, with keys to and descriptions of all families and genera, mostly by specialists in those groups. The Kubitzki system served as the basis for classification in ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'', a dictionary of the vascular plants. Mabberley states, in his Introduction on page xi of the 2008 edition, that the Kubitzki system "has remained the standard to which other literature is compared". In ordinal and family arrangements, the classification system in the initial angiosperm volumes closely resembles the Dahlgren system in Monocots and the Cronquist system in Dicots, but later volumes have been influenced by recent molecular phylog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adalbert Schnizlein
Adalbert Carl Friedrich Hellwig Conrad Schnizlein (15 April 1814, Feuchtwangen – 24 October 1868, Erlangen) was a German botanist and pharmacist. He is largely remembered for his work in the fields of plant taxonomy and phytogeography. Background He received training in pharmacy at Ansbach, afterwards becoming an assistant pharmacist in Nördlingen (1833). He later studied pharmacy at the University of Munich, earning his doctorate at the University of Erlangen in 1836. In 1845 he was habilitated in botany at Erlangen, where in 1850 he became an associate professor of botany and director of the botanical garden.Biography @ Deutsche Biographie. Contributions His most extensive work, "Iconographia familiarum naturalium regni vegetabilis" (1843–1870), was issued in four volumes. A[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bror Eric Dahlgren
Bror is a Scandinavian masculine given name which simply means 'brother'. The name has been found as early as in runestones in the form Brodhir. The name form Bror is known since the year 1536. It is also used heavily in a colloquial sense in the city of Belfast. Bror used to be a name that was never given to the oldest son of a family. From the 19th century, the literal meaning of the name has not been as important and the name could be given to any son. Bror was a very common name in Sweden during the first decades of the 20th century. It has since been less common. It is also in fairly common use in Denmark and Norway. Name day: 5 October in Sweden, 9 January in Swedish speaking Finland, 20 May in Norway since 2014. People with the name *Bror Hjorth, Swedish sculptor and painter *Bror Mellberg, Swedish football player *Bror Julius Olsson Nordfeldt, American artist *Bror Rexed, Swedish professor, neurosurgeon *Bror Stefenson Admiral Bror Per Harald Stefenson (4 September 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical framew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the ''base'' (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram. The term may be more strictly applied only to nodes adjacent to the root, or more loosely applied to nodes regarded as being close to the root. Note that extant taxa that lie on branches connecting directly to the root are not more closely related to the root than any other extant taxa. While there must always be two or more equally "basal" clades sprouting from the root of every cladogram, those clades may differ widely in taxonomic rank, species diversity, or both. If ''C'' is a basal clade within ''D'' that has the lowest rank of all basal clades within ''D'', ''C'' may be described as ''the'' basal taxon of that rank within ''D''. The concept of a 'key innovation' implies some degree of correlation between evolutionary innovation and diversification. However, such a correlation does not make a given case predicable, so ancestral characters should not be imputed to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
