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BTA-6
The BTA-6 (russian: Большой Телескоп Альт-азимутальный, translit=Bolshoi Teleskop Alt-azimutalnyi, translation=Large Altazimuth Telescope) is a aperture optical telescope at the Special Astrophysical Observatory located in the Zelenchuksky District of Karachay-Cherkessia on the north side of the Caucasus Mountains in southern Russia. The BTA-6 achieved first light in late 1975, making it the largest telescope in the world until 1990, when it was surpassed by the partially constructed Keck 1. It pioneered the technique, now standard in large astronomical telescopes, of using an altazimuth mount with a computer-controlled derotator. For a variety of reasons, BTA-6 has never been able to operate near its theoretical limits. Early problems with poorly fabricated mirror glass were addressed in 1978, improving but not eliminating the most serious issue. But due to its location downwind of numerous large mountain peaks, astronomical seeing is rarely go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Special Astrophysical Observatory Of The Russian Academy Of Science
The Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science (SAO RAS; russian: Специальная Астрофизическая Обсерватория) is an astronomical observatory, set up in 1966 in the USSR, and now operated by the Russian Academy of Sciences. Based in the Bolshoi Zelenchuk Valley of the Greater Caucasus near the village of Nizhny Arkhyz, the observatory houses the BTA-6 and RATAN-600, an optical and radio telescope, respectively. The two instruments are about apart. BTA-6 optical telescope The BTA-6 (Bolshoi Teleskop Altazimutalny; , or Large Altazimuth Telescope), with first light in 1975, was for several years the world's largest single primary mirror optical reflecting telescope. The BTA-6's primary mirror has a diameter of 6 metres (236 inches) and is housed in a 48 m (157.5 ft) diameter dome at an altitude of 2,070 m (6,791 ft). It held the record from its completion until 1993, when it was surpassed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hale Telescope
The Hale Telescope is a , 3.3 reflecting telescope at the Palomar Observatory in San Diego County, California, US, named after astronomer George Ellery Hale. With funding from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1928, he orchestrated the planning, design, and construction of the observatory, but with the project ending up taking 20 years he did not live to see its commissioning. The Hale was groundbreaking for its time, with double the diameter of the second-largest telescope, and pioneered many new technologies in telescope mount design and in the design and fabrication of its large aluminum coated "honeycomb" low thermal expansion Pyrex mirror. It was completed in 1949 and is still in active use. The Hale Telescope represented the technological limit in building large optical telescopes for over 30 years. It was the largest telescope in the world from its construction in 1949 until the Soviet BTA-6 was built in 1976, and the second largest until the construction of the Keck Obs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bagrat Ioannisiani
Bagrat Konstantinovich Ioannisiani (born in Yerevan, Armenia, died 10 December 1985 in Leningrad, Soviet Union) was a Soviet telescope designer of Armenian descent. He was the chief designer of the BTA-6 The BTA-6 (russian: Большой Телескоп Альт-азимутальный, translit=Bolshoi Teleskop Alt-azimutalnyi, translation=Large Altazimuth Telescope) is a aperture optical telescope at the Special Astrophysical Observatory lo ..., one of the largest telescopes in the world. He was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1957. References 1911 births 1985 deaths Armenian engineers Armenian inventors Armenian scientists Heroes of Socialist Labour Lenin Prize winners Soviet engineers Soviet inventors {{Russia-engineer-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palomar Observatory
Palomar Observatory is an astronomical research observatory in San Diego County, California, United States, in the Palomar Mountain Range. It is owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Research time at the observatory is granted to Caltech and its research partners, which include the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Yale University, and the National Optical Observatories of China. The observatory operates several telescopes, including the Hale Telescope, the Samuel Oschin Telescope (dedicated to the Zwicky Transient Facility, ZTF), the Palomar Telescope, and the Gattini-IR telescope. Decommissioned instruments include the Palomar Testbed Interferometer and the first telescopes at the observatory, an Schmidt camera from 1936. History Hale's vision for large telescopes and Palomar Observatory Astronomer George Ellery Hale, whose vision created the Palomar Observatory, built the world's largest telescope four times in succession. He published ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RATAN-600
The RATAN-600 (russian: РАТАН-600 – радиоастрономический телескоп Академии наук – 600, an acronym for the " Academy of Sciences Radio Telescope – 600") is a radio telescope in Zelenchukskaya, Karachay–Cherkess Republic, Russia. It comprises a 576 m diameter circle of rectangular radio reflectors and a set of secondary reflectors and receivers, based at an altitude of 970 m. Each of the 895 2×7.4 m reflectors can be angled to reflect incoming radio waves towards a central conical secondary mirror, or to one of five parabolic cylinders. Each secondary reflector is combined with an instrumentation cabin containing various receivers and instruments. The overall effect is that of a partially steerable antenna with a maximum resolving power of a nearly 600 m diameter dish, when using the central conical receiver, making it the world's largest-diameter individual radio telescope. Operating modes The telesco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karachay-Cherkessia
The Karachay-Cherkess Republic (russian: Карача́ево-Черке́сская Респу́блика, ''Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika''; krc, Къарачай-Черкес Республика, ''Qaraçay-Çerkes Respublika''; Circassian: Къэрэшей-Шэрджэс Республика, ''Ķêrêšei-Šêrdžês Respublikê'', nog, Карашай-Шеркеш Республика, ''Karaşay-Şerkeş Respublika'', abq, Къарча-Черкес Республика, ''Qarça-Çerkes Respublika'') or Karachay-Cherkessia (russian: Карача́ево-Черке́сия, ''Karachayevo-Cherkesiya'') is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia. It is geographically located in the North Caucasus region of Southern Russia and is administratively part of the North Caucasian Federal District. Karachay-Cherkessia has a population of 477,859 ( 2010 Census). Cherkessk is the largest city and the capital of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. Karachay-Cherkessia is o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lytkarino Optical Glass Plant
Lytkarino Optical Glass Plant (russian: Лыткаринский завод оптического стекла) is a company based in Lytkarino, Russia and established in 1934. It is part of the Shvabe Holding of the state-owned Rostec Rostec ( rus, Ростех, p=, r=Rostekh), officially the State Corporation for Assistance to Development, Production and Export of Advanced Technology Industrial Product Rostec (russian: Государственная корпорация по � ... corporation. The Lytkarino Optical Glass Plant is a major producer of optical glass and precision optical instruments for the military as well as for the civilian market, producing night vision devices and glass laser optics. See also * Rubinar * BTA-6 References External links Official website {{Russia-company-stub Manufacturing companies of Russia Companies based in Moscow Oblast Shvabe Holding Defence companies of the Soviet Union Manufacturing companies of the Soviet Union Ministry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zelenchukskaya
Zelenchukskaya (russian: Зеленчу́кская; krc, Зеленчук, ''Zelençuk'') is a rural locality (a ''stanitsa'') and the administrative center of Zelenchuksky District of the Karachay–Cherkess Republic, Russia,Appendix to Law #84-RZ, Section I.2.3 located on the Bolshoy Zelenchuk River. Population: In terms of population, it is the most populous rural locality in the republic. The Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science is located to the south of the stanitsa.Official website of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the RAN.Location map In 2015, it detected signals that might have come from a possible advanced extraterrestrial civilization, which are now being investigated by SETI. History The stanitsa was founded on May 1, 1859 and named after the river on which it stands. Demographics In 2002, the population included: *Russians (77.1%) *Karachays (17.4%) *all other ethnicities comprising less than 1% of population eac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primary Mirror
A primary mirror (or primary) is the principal light-gathering surface (the objective) of a reflecting telescope. Description The primary mirror of a reflecting telescope is a spherical or parabolic shaped disks of polished reflective metal (speculum metal up to the mid 19th century), or in later telescopes, glass or other material coated with a reflective layer. One of the first known reflecting telescopes, Newton's reflector of 1668, used a 3.3 cm polished metal primary mirror. The next major change was to use silver on glass rather than metal, in the 19th century such was with the Crossley reflector. This was changed to vacuum deposited aluminum on glass, used on the 200-inch Hale telescope. Solid primary mirrors have to sustain their own weight and not deform under gravity, which limits the maximum size for a single piece primary mirror. Segmented mirror configurations are used to get around the size limitation on single primary mirrors. For example, the Giant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arcsecond
A minute of arc, arcminute (arcmin), arc minute, or minute arc, denoted by the symbol , is a unit of angular measurement equal to of one degree. Since one degree is of a turn (or complete rotation), one minute of arc is of a turn. The nautical mile (nmi) was originally defined as the arc length of a minute of latitude on a spherical Earth, so the actual Earth circumference is very near . A minute of arc is of a radian. A second of arc, arcsecond (arcsec), or arc second, denoted by the symbol , is of an arcminute, of a degree, of a turn, and (about ) of a radian. These units originated in Babylonian astronomy as sexagesimal subdivisions of the degree; they are used in fields that involve very small angles, such as astronomy, optometry, ophthalmology, optics, navigation, land surveying, and marksmanship. To express even smaller angles, standard SI prefixes can be employed; the milliarcsecond (mas) and microarcsecond (μas), for instance, are commonly used in as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annealing (glass)
Annealing is a process of slowly cooling hot glass objects after they have been formed, to relieve residual internal stresses introduced during manufacture. Especially for smaller, simpler objects, annealing may be incidental to the process of manufacture, but in larger or more complex products it commonly demands a special process of annealing in a temperature-controlled kiln known as a lehr.E. F. Collins (1921) Electrically heated glass annealing lehr. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 4 (5), pp. 335–349 Annealing of glass is critical to its durability. Glass that has not been properly annealed retains thermal stresses caused by quenching, which will indefinitely decrease the strength and reliability of the product. Inadequately annealed glass is likely to crack or shatter when subjected to relatively small temperature changes or to mechanical shock or stress. It even may fail spontaneously. To anneal glass, it is necessary to heat it to its annealing temperature, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
