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Bárbula Tunnel
Bárbula Tunnel (Spanish: ''Túnel de Bárbula'') is a partly-constructed railway tunnel in Venezuela. It is between Las Trincheras and Naguanagua Municipality, Naguanagua in Carabobo state. The tunnel has a length of 7.8 km (4.8 mi), which makes it the longest in South America. The tunnel is part of a projected line between the sea port city of Puerto Cabello, Carabobo State, and the crossroads town of La Encrucijada (Venezuela), La Encrucijada, Aragua, Aragua State. Tunnels are required to provide a low gradient route through the mountains of the Venezuelan Coastal Range. Bárbula Tunnel takes its name from Bárbula, a locality near Naguanagua. Geology Granitic rocks are typical of the geology of the area, but clay and alluvium, requiring special ground improvement, have been described as being characteristic of the tunnel. History of the project In the 19th century the Puerto Cabello and Valencia Railway was built along a similar route between Valencia and the coast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Las Trincheras
Las Trincheras, also known as Las Trincheras de Aguas Calientes, is a locality near Valencia, Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela. It is noted for its hot springs, which feed into the Aguas Calientes River (Carabobo), Aguas Calientes River. The name Trincheras (Spanish for "trenches") is said to derive from fortifications constructed in the Colonial Venezuela, colonial era. History Visit of Humboldt The springs were visited by Alexander von Humboldt in 1800 during his Alexander von Humboldt#Venezuela, 1799–1800, expedition to the American tropics. They were known to the locals and Humboldt noticed that sick people were taking steam baths there. On his return to Europe, Humboldt made Las Trincheras known to science. He had recorded the temperature of the water as . There was no evidence of vulcanism in the area to explain what was heating the water. The work of François Arago on the geothermal gradient helped Humboldt to develop the idea that the springs obtained their heat from very ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rack Railway
A rack railway (also rack-and-pinion railway, cog railway, or cogwheel railway) is a steep grade railway with a toothed rack rail, usually between the running rails. The trains are fitted with one or more cog wheels or pinions that mesh with this rack rail. This allows the trains to operate on steep gradients of 100% (45 degrees) or more, well above the 10% maximum for friction-based rail. The rack and pinion mechanism also provides more controlled braking and reduces the effects of snow or ice on the rails. Most rack railways are mountain railways, although a few are transit railways or tramways built to overcome a steep gradient in an urban environment. The first cog railway was the Middleton Railway between Middleton and Leeds in West Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom, where the first commercially successful steam locomotive, ''Salamanca'', ran in 1812. This used a rack and pinion system designed and patented in 1811 by John Blenkinsop. The first mountain cog railw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Price Of Oil
The price of oil, or the oil price, generally refers to the spot price of a barrel () of benchmark crude oil—a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil such as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Crude, Dubai Crude, OPEC Reference Basket, Tapis crude, Bonny Light, Urals oil, Isthmus, and Western Canadian Select (WCS). Oil prices are determined by global supply and demand, rather than any country's domestic production level. Through the years The global price of crude oil was relatively consistent in the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. This changed in the 1970s, with a significant increase in the price of oil globally. There have been a number of structural drivers of global oil prices historically, including oil supply, demand, and storage shocks, and shocks to global economic growth affecting oil prices. Notable events driving significant price fluctuations include the 1973 OPEC oil embargo targeting nations that had supported I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crisis In Venezuela
A crisis (: crises; : critical) is any event or period that will lead to an unstable and dangerous situation affecting an individual, group, or all of society. Crises are negative changes in the human or environmental affairs, especially when they occur abruptly, with little or no warning. More loosely, a crisis is a testing time for an emergency. Etymology The English word ''crisis'' was borrowed from the Latin, which in turn was borrowed from the Greek ''krisis'' 'discrimination, decision, crisis'.''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1893''s.v.'' 'crisis'/ref> The noun is derived from the verb ''krinō'', which means 'distinguish, choose, decide'. In English, ''crisis'' was first used in a medical context, for the time in the development of a disease when a change indicates either recovery or death, that is, a turning-point. It was also used for a major change in the development of a disease. By the mid-seventeenth century, it took on the figurative meaning of a "vitally imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salini Impregilo
Webuild S.p.A. (previously Salini Impregilo S.p.A.; ) is an Italian industrial group specialising in construction and civil engineering. The company was formally founded in 2014 as the result of the merger by incorporation of Salini into Impregilo. Webuild is the largest Italian engineering and general contractor group and a global player in the construction sector. The company is active in over 50 countries of 5 continents (Africa, America, Asia, Europe, Oceania) with more than 85,000 employees. Its experience ranges from the construction of dams, hydroelectric plants and hydraulic structures, water infrastructures and ports, to roads, motorways, railways, metro systems and underground works, to airports, hospitals and public and industrial buildings, to civil engineering for waste-to-energy plants and environmental protection initiatives. It takes first place in the water sector of the Engineering News-Record rankings, the benchmark for the entire construction industry. The co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cúa
Cúa (founded in 1690) is a small city capital of the Urdaneta Municipality, located in the Miranda State (Estado Miranda) in the north of Venezuela with an altitude of 490 m. Cúa is noted for warm and clear weather, with year-round sunshine and 60 days of rainfall annually, and an average temperature that range from 18 °C to 28 °C, but with relative low humidity. With leafy forest and meadows, Cúa has a population of 123,000 (2004), mainly dedicated to services and industry (plastic pipes, paper rolls) it's a dormitory town. The most important districts of Cúa are: ''Nueva Cúa, Lecumberry, La Fila, Mume, Santa rosa'' and ''Aparay''. The local Sanctuary of the Virgin of Betania has become famous for its attributed Marian apparitions. Cúa is one of the locations served by the Instituto Autónomo de Ferrocarriles del Estado, IFE Ezequiel Zamora Mass Transportation System. Foundation The first establishments of Cúa dates from the pre-Columbian period, being the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libertador Simón Bolívar Terminal
Caracas Libertador Simón Bolívar railway station is found in the southern part of Caracas, Venezuela, in an area known as La Rinconada. Overview The station is the Caracas terminus of the line Ezequiel Zamora I which connects the Tuy valley to the capital. Presently it serves as the only point of arrival or departure by train to or from Caracas. Those arriving from the Tuy valley can easily transfer from the railway station to La Rinconada Caracas Metro station. The train station and metro station came into service during the inaugurational runs from Caracas to the Tuy valley towns on October 15, 2006. The short-distance trains connect the suburban towns of: * Charallave Charallave is a city in the state of Miranda, Venezuela, and part of Miranda's Valles del Tuy region. It is the capital of Cristóbal Rojas Municipality. The name derives from the local ''Charavares'' indigenous people found at the time the ci ... (2 stations) ** the North one Generalísmo Franc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caracas Metro
The Caracas Metro () is a mass rapid transit system serving Caracas, Venezuela. It was constructed and is operated by Compañía Anónima Metro de Caracas, a government-owned company that was founded in 1977 by José González-Lander who headed the project for more than thirty years since the early planning stages in the 1960s. Its motto is "" (translated as 'We are part of your life'). In 1978 MTA – New York City Transit's R46 #816 (now 5866) was shipped from the Pullman Standard's plant as a sample of rolling stock to be used for the new metro system that was under construction at the time. It was inaugurated on January 2, 1983 with and currently the total length of the railway reaches . Its purpose is to contribute to the development of collective transportation in Caracas and its immediate area, through the planning, construction, and commercial exploitation of an integrated transportation system. The C. A. Metro de Caracas is in charge of its construction, ope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puerto Cabello And Valencia Railway
The Puerto Cabello and Valencia railway is a defunct railway in Venezuela. The railway was constructed in the 1880s to link Valencia, then the country's second city, with the Caribbean port of Puerto Cabello. It closed in the 1950s. Planning the railway Antonio Guzmán Blanco, who was president of Venezuela for three separate terms, negotiated concessions with British entrepreneurs to build railways between the country's two main cities and their ports. The La Guaira and Caracas Railway was the first of the two lines to be completed, opening in 1883. The route chosen by the Puerto Cabello and Valencia Railway Company involved a short coastal stretch from Puerto Cabello to El Palito at the mouth of the River Aguas Calientes, after which the line mostly followed the course of the river to cross the mountains of the Venezuelan Coastal Range. There was a climb of . The gauge was . The use of a narrow gauge to help with the problems caused by hilly terrain was consistent with the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naguanagua Municipality
The Naguanagua () municipality is one of the 14 Municipalities of Venezuela, municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Carabobo and, according to the 2011 census by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 157,437. The town of Naguanagua is the County seat, shire town of the Naguanagua Municipality. It forms part of the greater Valencia, Carabobo, Valencia Metropolitan Area in Venezuela. It is in the valley of the Cabriales River at the base of Cerro El Café and the El Trigal Mountain. Valencia and Naguanagua form a continuous urban area. The highway that runs from the centre of Valencia towards Puerto Cabello passes through this community; Bolivar Avenue in Valencia becomes University Avenue in Naguanagua on the northern side of a traffic roundabout, or ''re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alluvium
Alluvium (, ) is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings. Alluvium is also sometimes called alluvial deposit. Alluvium is typically geologically young and is not Consolidation (geology), consolidated into solid rock. Sediments deposited underwater, in seas, estuaries, lakes, or ponds, are not described as alluvium. Floodplain alluvium can be highly fertile, and supported some of the earliest human civilizations. Definitions The present Scientific consensus, consensus is that "alluvium" refers to loose sediments of all types deposited by running water in floodplains or in alluvial fans or related landforms. However, the meaning of the term has varied considerably since it was first defined in the French dictionary of Antoine Furetière, posthumously published in 1690. Drawing upon concepts from Roman law, Furetière defined ''alluvion'' (the French term for al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
