Boules
Boules (, ), or ''jeu de boules'', is a collective name for a wide range of games similar to bowls and bocce in which the objective is to throw or roll heavy balls as closely as possible to a small target ball, called the ''jack''. 'Boules' itself is a French loanword that usually refers to the game especially played in France. Boules-type games are traditional and popular in many European countries and are also popular in some former French colonies in Africa and Asia. Boules games are often played in open spaces (town squares and parks) in villages and towns. Dedicated playing areas for boules-type games are typically large, level, rectangular courts made of flattened earth, gravel, or crushed stone, enclosed in wooden rails or back boards. To win, a team must reach 15 points, with a few exceptions. Boules games in history As early as the 6th century BC the ancient Greeks are recorded to have played a game of tossing coins, then flat stones, and later stone balls, called ...
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Pétanque
Pétanque (, ; ; ) is a sport that falls into the category of boules sports (along with Raffa (boules), raffa, bocce, boule lyonnaise, Bowls, lawn bowls, and Crown green bowls, crown green bowling). In these sports, players or teams play their boules/balls towards a target ball. In pétanque the objective is to score points by having boules closer to the target than the opponent after all boules have been thrown. This is achieved by throwing or rolling boules closer to the small target ball, officially called a ''jack'' (), or by hitting the opponents' boules away from the target, while standing inside a circle with both feet on the ground. The game is normally and best played on hard dirt or gravel. It can be played in public areas in parks or in dedicated facilities called ''boulodromes''. The current form of the game was codified in 1907 or 1910 in La Ciotat, in Provence, France. The French name ''pétanque'' (borrowed into English, with or without the acute accent) comes ...
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Jeu Provençal
' ('game of Provence'; also known as ', "boules of Lyon") is a French form of boules. In Italy, the sport ', which is played with bronze balls, follows a similar set of rules.Petanque.org - Italian Games
(accessed 18 May 2008)

History

The current version of the game developed during the 18th century around the area of . * The was formed in 1906. * About the same time, in 1907 ...
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Bocce
(, or , ), sometimes anglicized as bocce ball, bocci, or boccie, is a ball sport belonging to the boules family. Developed into its present form in Italy, it is closely related to English bowls and French , with a common ancestry from ancient games played in the Roman Empire. Bocce is played around Western, Southern, and Southeastern Europe, as well as in overseas areas with historical Italian immigrant population, including Australia, North and South America, principally Argentina and the southern Brazilian states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. Initially only played by Italian immigrants, the game has slowly gained popularity among descendant generations and outside the Italian diaspora. History Having developed from games played in the Roman Empire, bocce developed into its present form in Italy, where it is called ', the plural of the Italian word ' which means 'bowl' in the general sporting sense. It spread around Europe and also in regions t ...
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Boule Lyonnaise
("flying boules"), or ("Lyonnais boules"), is a boules-type game. In ', the balls are thrown or rolled overhand (palm down) or underhand (palm up) and are metal. In non-standard ', the wooden or plastic balls are tossed underhand (palm up) and rolled. ', as it is called for short by the Italians, derives its name from the Italian verb ' meaning 'to fly', and refers to the technique of throwing a ball through the air in an attempt to knock away an opponent's ball. ' is similar to ' in that the ball is thrown or rolled depending on the player preference and game situation. It is different from ' in that the ball is delivered with a run-up, but only during the throw. During the roll, there is no run-up. A ' players' run-up is athletic, even theatrical, as in '. See also *Fédération Internationale de Boules ''Fédération Internationale de Boules'' (International Boules Federation) (abbreviated FIB) is part of the "Confédération Mondiale des Sports de Boules" which is the hi ...
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La Ciotat
La Ciotat (; ; in Mistralian spelling ''La Ciéutat''; 'the City') is a Communes of France, commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône Departments of France, department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region in Southern France. It is the southeasternmost commune of the Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis. La Ciotat is located at about 25 km (15.5 mi) to the east of Marseille, at an equal distance from Toulon. History The name ''La Ciutat'', meaning 'the City' in Occitan language, Occitan (Provençal dialect, Provençal) and Catalan language, Catalan, became prominent in the 15th century. In 1429, La Ciotat was granted a charter recognizing it as an independent commune. Over the next century, it became a refuge for Genoa, Genoese aristocrats escaping the conflicts between France and Spain in their homeland. These immigrants likely played a key role in establishing a shipyard, which specialized in constructing vessels to export local products such as olive oil ...
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Bowls
Bowls, also known as lawn bowls or lawn bowling, is a sport in which players try to roll their ball (called a bowl) closest to a smaller ball (known as a "jack" or sometimes a "kitty"). The bowls are shaped (biased), so that they follow a curved path when being rolled. The game is played either in teams or one against one. The game was first played in the 13th century. The game is played on grass, although other surfaces are sometimes used. Matches are held either until one player gets to a score, or when a number of ''ends'' are played. The game is mostly played on a bowling green, which can vary by the type of bowls being played. Whilst the game is often played outdoors, there are indoor bowling venues, and can also be played on rollable carpets. For outdoor games, this is usually on grass; however, it can also be played on cotula in New Zealand. History Bowls is a variant of the ''boules'' games (Italian: ''bocce''), which, in their general form, are of ancient or prehistor ...
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Boccia
Boccia ( ) is a precision ball sport, similar to bocce, and related to bowls and pétanque. The name "boccia" is derived from the Latin word for "boss" – '. The sport is contested at local, national and international levels, by athletes with severe physical disabilities. It was originally designed to be played by people with cerebral palsy but now includes athletes with other severe disabilities affecting motor skills. In 1984, it became a Paralympic sport and as of 2020, 75 boccia national organizations have joined one or more of the international organizations. Boccia is governed by the Boccia International Sports Federation (BISFed) and is one of two Paralympic sports (along with goalball) that have no counterpart in the Olympic program, although it is a Paralympic variant of bocce (boules). About the game Boccia can be played by individuals, pairs, or teams of three. Until 2024, all events were mixed gender. The aim of the game is to throw leather balls — ...
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