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Boris Hagelin
Boris Caesar Wilhelm Hagelin (2 July 1892 – 7 September 1983) was a Swedish businessman and inventor of encryption machines. Biography Born of Swedish parents in Adshikent, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan), Hagelin attended Lundsberg boarding school and later studied mechanical engineering at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, graduating in 1914. He gained experience in engineering through work in Sweden and the United States. His father Karl Wilhelm Hagelin worked for Nobel in Baku (part of the Russian Empire at the time), but the family returned to Sweden after the Russian Revolution. Karl Wilhelm was an investor in Arvid Gerhard Damm's company Aktiebolaget Cryptograph, established to sell rotor machines built using Damm's 1919 patent. Boris Hagelin was placed in the firm to represent the family investment. In 1925, Hagelin took over the firm, later reorganising it as Aktiebolaget Cryptoteknik in 1932. His machines competed with Scherbius' Enigma machines, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptograph
AB Cryptograph was a Aktiebolag, limited Swedish company developing and selling crypto machines, founded on 21 July 1916 and liquidated in 1930. It was probably the first company in the world to focus entirely on the cryptographic market. In December 1914, two Swedes; Olof Gyldén, a navy officer with an interest in cryptography; and Arvid Gerhard Damm, a Swedish engineer and inventor, met in Berlin to discuss Damm's ideas for a new type of crypto machine. Impressed, Gyldén managed to interest a group of Swedish businessmen to invest in a project to exploit Damm's ideas commercially. A patent consortium, Cryptograph, was founded in June 1915. A year later, a shareholding company with the same name was established with Gyldén as chairman and CEO. Damm was given the position of engineer and was also a shareholder. Expectations were great and sales estimated at more than 50 desktop machines and 500 handheld devices per year. However, actual sales were far below these numbers, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Hagelin
Carl Oliver Hagelin (born 23 August 1988) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey player who played eleven seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Rangers, Anaheim Ducks, Pittsburgh Penguins, Los Angeles Kings, and Washington Capitals. Hagelin was drafted by the Rangers in the sixth round, 168th overall, of the 2007 NHL Entry Draft, and won the Stanley Cup as a member of the Penguins in 2016 and 2017. Hagelin played the most playoff games of any NHL player in the 2010s decade, with 128. Prior to his professional career, Hagelin played four seasons NCAA Division I collegiate men's ice hockey with the University of Michigan Wolverines, serving as an alternate captain during his third year and a co-captain during his fourth year. Internationally, Hagelin won a silver medal with Sweden at the 2014 Winter Olympics. Amateur playing career Södertälje SK Prior to beginning his collegiate career, Hagelin played two seasons for Södertälje SK's team in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Swiss Alps, Alps and the Jura Mountains, Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's Demographics of Switzerland, 9 million people are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts List of cities in Switzerland, its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Lausanne. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of Cantons of Switzerland, 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern. It has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh language, Romansh. Although most Swiss are German-speaking, national identity is fairly cohesive, being rooted in a common historical background, shared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KTH Royal Institute Of Technology Alumni theme files
{{disambig ...
KTH may refer to: * Keat Hong LRT station, Singapore, LRT station abbreviation * Kent House railway station, London, National Rail station code * KTH Royal Institute of Technology, a university in Sweden * KTH Krynica, a Polish ice hockey team * Khyber Teaching Hospital, a university hospital in Pakistan * .kth, the extension of KDE KDE is an international free software community that develops free and open-source software. As a central development hub, it provides tools and resources that enable collaborative work on its projects. Its products include the KDE Plasma gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1983 Deaths
1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to Internet protocol suite, TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning of the true Internet). * January 6 – Pope John Paul II appoints a bishop over the Czechoslovak exile community, which the ''Rudé právo'' newspaper calls a "provocation." This begins a year-long disagreement between the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and the Vatican City, Vatican, leading to the eventual restoration of diplomatic relations between the two states. * January 14 – The head of Bangladesh's military dictatorship, Hussain Muhammad Ershad, announces his intentions to "turn Bangladesh into an Islamic state." * January 18 – United States Secretary of the Interior, U.S. Secretary of the Interior James G. Watt makes controversial remarks blaming poor living conditions on Indian reservation, Native American re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1892 Births
In Samoa, this was the only leap year spanned to 367 days as July 4 repeated. This means that the International Date Line was drawn from the east of the country to go west. Events January * January 1 – Ellis Island begins processing Immigration to the United States, immigrants to the United States. February * February 27 – Rudolf Diesel applies for a patent, on his compression ignition engine (the Diesel engine). * February 29 – St. Petersburg, Florida is incorporated as a town. March * March 1 – Theodoros Deligiannis ends his term as Prime Minister of Greece and Konstantinos Konstantopoulos takes office. * March 6–March 8, 8 – "Exclusive Agreement": Rulers of the Trucial States (Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Ras al-Khaimah and Umm al-Quwain) sign an agreement, by which they become ''de facto'' British protectorates. * March 11 – The first basketball game is played in public, between students and faculty at the Springfield YMCA before 200 spectators. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C-52 (cipher Machine)
The ( Hagelin) C-52 and CX-52 were cipher machines manufactured by Crypto AG starting 1951/1952. These pin-and-lug type cipher machines were advanced successors of the C-38/ M-209. The machine measures . The device is mechanical, but when combined with an electric keyboard attachment, the B-52, the resultant system is termed the BC-52. The B-52 is larger, measuring . The Hell 54 was a licensed copy of the C-52 by German company Hell. Structure and operation Both C and CX models are equipped with six pinwheels. In the C-52 version, these six wheels are chosen from a possible set of 12, with the number of pins on each wheel being 25, 26, 29, 31, 34, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 46, and 47. The C model had a fixed stepping system with a large wheel cycle due to the mutually prime factors in the pin counts. The CX-52 version has 6 pinwheels with 47 pins each and a flexible wheel movement system. The lug cage of both models contains 32 movable bars: 27 of the bars are used for encrypt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C-36 (cipher Machine)
The C-35 and C-36 were cipher machines designed by Swedish cryptographer Boris Hagelin in the 1930s. These were the first of Hagelin's cipher machines to feature the pin-and-lug mechanism. A later machine in the same series, the C-38, was designated CSP-1500 by the United States Navy and M-209 by the United States military, who used it extensively. In 1934, the French military approached Hagelin to design a printing, pocket-size cipher machine; Hagelin carved a piece of wood to outline the dimensions of a machine that would fit into a pocket. He adapted one of his previous inventions from three years earlier: an adding device designed for use in vending machines, and combined it with the pinwheel mechanism from a late 1920s cipher machine Hagelin had developed. The French ordered 5,000 in 1935. Italy and the USA declined the machine, although both would later use the M-209 / C-38. Completely mechanical, the C-35 machine measured , and weighed less than . A revised machine, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CD-57
The (Hagelin) CD-57 was a portable, mechanical cipher machine manufactured by Crypto AG, first produced in 1957. It was derived from the earlier CD-55, and was designed to be compatible with the larger C-52 (cipher machine), C-52 machines. Compact, the CD-57 measured merely 5 1/8in × 3 1/8in × 1 1/2in (13 × 8 × 3.8 cm) and weighed 1.5 pounds (680 gr). The CD-57 used six wheels. A variant is the CD-57(RT), a similar device using a one-time pad system rather than rotating wheels. The STG-61 was a licensed copy of the CD-57 by Hell. Sullivan (2002) shows how the CD-57 can be attacked using a hill climbing search technique. See also * M-209Notes References * Wayne G. Baker, Solving a Hagelin, Type CD-57, Cipher, ''Cryptologia'', 2(1), January 1978, pp1&nda ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C-35 (cipher Machine)
The C-35 and C-36 were cipher machines designed by Swedish cryptographer Boris Hagelin in the 1930s. These were the first of Hagelin's cipher machines to feature the pin-and-lug mechanism. A later machine in the same series, the C-38, was designated CSP-1500 by the United States Navy and M-209 by the United States military, who used it extensively. In 1934, the French military approached Hagelin to design a printing, pocket-size cipher machine; Hagelin carved a piece of wood to outline the dimensions of a machine that would fit into a pocket. He adapted one of his previous inventions from three years earlier: an adding device designed for use in vending machines, and combined it with the pinwheel mechanism from a late 1920s cipher machine Hagelin had developed. The French ordered 5,000 in 1935. Italy and the USA declined the machine, although both would later use the M-209 / C-38. Completely mechanical, the C-35 machine measured , and weighed less than . A revised machine, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Washington Capitals
The Washington Capitals (colloquially known as the Caps) are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington, D.C. The Capitals compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Metropolitan Division in the Eastern Conference (NHL), Eastern Conference. The team is owned by Ted Leonsis through Monumental Sports & Entertainment, and initially played its home games at the Capital Centre (Landover, Maryland), Capital Centre in Landover, Maryland, before moving to Capital One Arena in Washington, D.C., in 1997. The franchise was founded in 1974–75 NHL season, 1974 as an expansion team, alongside the Kansas City Scouts, and struggled throughout its first eight years of existence. In 1982–83 NHL season, 1982, David Poile was hired as general manager, helping to turn the team's fortunes around. With a core of players such as Mike Gartner, Rod Langway, Larry Murphy (ice hockey), Larry Murphy, and Scott Stevens, they became a regular playoff contender for the next fourt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
