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Bayesian Search Theory
Bayesian search theory is the application of Bayesian statistics to the search for lost objects. It has been used several times to find lost sea vessels, for example USS Scorpion (SSN-589), USS ''Scorpion'', and has played a key role in the recovery of the flight recorders in the Air France Flight 447 disaster of 2009. It has also been used in the attempts to locate the remains of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. Procedure The usual procedure is as follows: # Formulate as many reasonable hypotheses as possible about what may have happened to the object. # For each hypothesis, construct a probability density function for the location of the object. # Construct a function giving the probability of actually finding an object in location X when searching there if it really is in location X. In an ocean search, this is usually a function of water depth — in shallow water chances of finding an object are good if the search is in the right place. In deep water chances are reduced. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bayesian Statistics
Bayesian statistics ( or ) is a theory in the field of statistics based on the Bayesian interpretation of probability, where probability expresses a ''degree of belief'' in an event. The degree of belief may be based on prior knowledge about the event, such as the results of previous experiments, or on personal beliefs about the event. This differs from a number of other interpretations of probability, such as the frequentist interpretation, which views probability as the limit of the relative frequency of an event after many trials. More concretely, analysis in Bayesian methods codifies prior knowledge in the form of a prior distribution. Bayesian statistical methods use Bayes' theorem to compute and update probabilities after obtaining new data. Bayes' theorem describes the conditional probability of an event based on data as well as prior information or beliefs about the event or conditions related to the event. For example, in Bayesian inference, Bayes' theorem can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Coast Of The United States
The East Coast of the United States, also known as the Eastern Seaboard, the Atlantic Coast, and the Atlantic Seaboard, is the region encompassing the coast, coastline where the Eastern United States meets the Atlantic Ocean; it has always played a major socioeconomic role in the development of the United States. The region is generally understood to include the U.S. states that border the Atlantic Ocean: Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York (state), New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia, as well as some landlocked territories (Pennsylvania, Vermont, West Virginia and Washington, D.C.). Toponymy and composition The Toponymy, toponym derives from the concept that the contiguous 48 states are defined by two major coastlines, one at the West Coast of the United States, western edge and one on the eastern edge. Other terms for referring to this area include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operations Research Society Of America
The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) is an international society for practitioners in the fields of operations research (O.R.), management science, and analytics. It was established in 1995 with the merger of the Operations Research Society of America (ORSA) and The Institute of Management Sciences (TIMS). The INFORMS Roundtable includes institutional members from operations research departments at major organizations. INFORMS administers the honor society Omega Rho. See also * Institute of Industrial Engineers The Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers (IISE), formerly the Institute of Industrial Engineers, is a professional society dedicated solely to the support of the industrial engineering profession and individuals involved with improving ... References Chile wins international prize for the development of analytical tools against the pandemicbr> Vishal Gupta Awarded INFORMS Wagner Prize for System to Curb COVID Sprea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USS Thresher (SSN-593)
USS ''Thresher'' (SSN-593) was the lead boat of Permit-class submarine, her class of nuclear-powered attack submarines in the United States Navy. She was the U.S. Navy's USS Thresher (SS-200), second submarine to be named after the thresher shark. On 10 April 1963, ''Thresher'' sank during deep-diving tests about east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, killing all 129 crew and shipyard personnel aboard. Her loss was a watershed for the U.S. Navy, leading to the implementation of a rigorous submarine safety program known as SUBSAFE. The first List of sunken nuclear submarines, nuclear submarine lost at sea, ''Thresher'' was also the third of four submarines lost with more than 100 people aboard, the others being the French ''French submarine Surcouf, Surcouf'', sinking with 130 personnel in 1942, USS Argonaut (SM-1), USS ''Argonaut'', lost with 102 aboard in 1943, and Russian ''Kursk submarine disaster, Kursk'', which sank with 118 aboard in 2000. Significance of design and loss Crea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Museum Of The United States Navy
The National Museum of the United States Navy, or U.S. Navy Museum for short, is the flagship museum of the United States Navy and is located in the former Breech Mechanism Shop of the old Naval Gun Factory on the grounds of the Washington Navy Yard in Washington, D.C., United States. The U.S. Navy Museum is one of ten official Navy museums,. The U. S. Navy Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C., is not on this list of U.S. Navy museums. and is part of the Naval History & Heritage Command, the official history program of the United States Navy. Mission The U.S. Navy Museum collects, preserves, displays, and interprets historic naval artifacts and artwork to inform, educate, and inspire naval personnel and the general public. History The U.S. Navy Museum was established in 1961 and opened to the public in 1963. As one of 15 Navy museums throughout the country, it is the only one that presents an overview of U. S. naval history. Permanent and temporary exhibitions comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naval Research Laboratory
The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. Located in Washington, DC, it was founded in 1923 and conducts basic scientific research, applied research, technological development and prototyping. The laboratory's specialties include plasma physics, space physics, materials science, and tactical electronic warfare. NRL is one of the first US government scientific R&D laboratories, having opened in 1923 at the instigation of Thomas Edison, and is currently under the Office of Naval Research. As of 2016, NRL was a United States Navy Working Capital Fund, Navy Working Capital Fund activity, which means it is not a line-item in the US Federal Budget. Instead of direct funding from Congress, all costs, including overhead, were recovered through sponsor-funded research projects. NRL's research expenditures were approximately $1 billion per year. Research The Naval Research L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crush Depth
Depth ratings are primary design parameters and measures of a submarine's ability to operate underwater. The depths to which submarines can dive are limited by the strengths of their hulls. Ratings The hull of a submarine must be able to withstand the forces created by the outside water pressure being greater than the inside air pressure. The outside water pressure increases with depth and so the stresses on the hull also increase with depth. Each of depth puts another atmosphere (1 bar, 14.7 psi, 101 kPa) of pressure on the hull, so at , the hull is withstanding of water pressure. Test depth This is the maximum depth at which a submarine is permitted to operate under normal peacetime circumstances, and is tested during sea trials. The test depth is set at two-thirds (0.66) of the design depth for United States Navy submarines, while the Royal Navy sets test depth at 4/7 (0.57) the design depth, and the German Navy sets it at exactly one-half (0.50) of design depth. Operati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bathyscaphe Trieste II
''Trieste II'' (DSV-1) was the United States Navy's first bathyscaphe purchased from its Swiss designers, and the successor to ''Trieste''. History The original ''Trieste'' design was heavily modified by the Naval Electronics Laboratory in San Diego, California and built at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard. ''Trieste II'' incorporated the original Terni, Italian-built sphere used in ''Trieste'', after it was made redundant by the new high-pressure sphere cast by the German Krupp Steelworks. The ''Trieste'' sphere was suspended from an entirely new float, more seaworthy and streamlined than the original, but operating on identical principles. Completed in early 1964, ''Trieste II'' was placed on board USNS ''Francis X. McGraw'' (T-AK241) and shipped, via the Panama Canal, to Boston. Commanded by Lt Comdr. John B. Mooney Jr., with co-pilot Lt. John H. Howland and Capt. Frank Andrews, ''Trieste II'' conducted dives in the vicinity of the loss site of – operations commenced by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bathyscaphe
A bathyscaphe () is a free-diving, self-propelled deep-sea submersible, consisting of a crew cabin similar to a '' Bathysphere'', but suspended below a float rather than from a surface cable, as in the classic ''Bathysphere'' design. The float is filled with gasoline because it is readily available, buoyant, and, for all practical purposes, incompressible. The incompressibility of the gasoline means the tanks can be very lightly constructed, since the pressure inside and outside the tanks equalizes, eliminating any differential. By contrast, the crew cabin must withstand a huge pressure differential and is massively built. Buoyancy at the surface can be trimmed easily by replacing gasoline in the tanks with water, because water has a greater density. Auguste Piccard, inventor of the first bathyscaphe, coined the name ''bathyscaphe'' using the Ancient Greek words (), meaning 'deep', and (), meaning 'vessel, ship'. Mode of operation To descend, a bathyscaphe floods air ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SOSUS
Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) was the original name for a submarine detection system based on passive sonar developed by the United States Navy to track Soviet Navy, Soviet submarines. The system's true nature was classified with the name and acronym SOSUS classified as well. The unclassified name ''Project Caesar'' was used to cover the installation of the system and a cover story developed regarding the shore stations, identified only as a Naval Facility (NAVFAC), being for oceanographic research. The name changed to Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS) in 1985, as the fixed bottom arrays were supplemented by the mobile Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System (SURTASS) and other new systems. The commands and personnel were covered by the "oceanographic" term until 1991 when the mission was declassified. As a result, the commands, Oceanographic System Atlantic and Oceanographic System Pacific became Undersea Surveillance Atlantic and Undersea Surveillance Pacific, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USNS Mizar (AGOR-11)
USNS ''Mizar'' (MA-48/T-AGOR-11/T-AK-272) was a vessel of the United States Navy. She was named after the star Mizar. Cargo ship ''Mizar'' was built as a small ice-strengthened, double hull, cargo ship of the ''Eltanin'' class on a Maritime Administration type (C1-ME2-13a) hull, by Avondale Marine Ways, Inc. from January 1957. She entered service on March 7, 1958, and served as part of the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS), working around Canada and Greenland, with a single voyage to Antarctica in 1961. Naval Research Laboratory The loss of the on April 10, 1963, and problems handling heavy search equipment over the side from in 1963 drove the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) requirement for a larger, more capable ship than the usual oceanographic research type. A search for a candidate ship, capable of being modified for an inboard center well, led to selection of ''Mizar'' in late 1963. In 1964 ''Mizar's'' successful search for the sunken submarine, before modific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
