|
Battle Of Pengcheng
The Battle of Pengcheng was fought in Pengcheng (present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China) in April 205 BC between the kingdoms of Western Chu and Han, led by Xiang Yu and Liu Bang respectively. The Han forces were unprepared and suffered heavy losses. Several of Liu Bang's family members were captured and some of his allies defected to Chu as a result of his defeat. Background In the spring of 205 BC, Xiang Yu was at war with the State of Qi. In 206 the Qi general Tian Rong had forcibly reunited Qi under his rule against the wishes of Xiang Yu. As a result, in December 206 Xiang Yu invaded Qi, and in January 205 he defeated Tian Rong near the city of Chengyang. Tian Rong fled to Pingyuan where he was killed by the locals, and Xiang Yu installed another member of the royal Tian clan, Tian Jia, as the new king. However, resistance remained, and Tian Rong's younger brother Tian Heng gathered tens of thousands of scattered Qi soldiers. Xiang Yu responded by marching all the way to the n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Cao
Cao Cao (; ; ; 15 March 220), courtesy name Mengde, was a Chinese statesman, warlord, and poet who rose to power during the end of the Han dynasty (), ultimately taking effective control of the Han central government. He laid the foundation for the state of Cao Wei (220–265), established by his son and successor Cao Pi, who ended the Eastern Han dynasty and inaugurated the Three Kingdoms period (220–280). Beginning in his own lifetime, a corpus of legends developed around Cao Cao which built upon his talent, his cruelty, and his perceived eccentricities. Cao Cao began his career as an official under the Han government and held various appointments including that of a district security chief in the capital and the chancellor of a Jun (country subdivision), principality. He rose to prominence in the 190s during which he recruited his own followers, formed his own army, and set up a base in Yan Province (covering parts of present-day Henan and Shandong). In 196, he received E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Of Wei
Wei (; ) was one of the seven major State (Ancient China), states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It was created from the three-way Partition of Jin, together with Han (Warring States), Han and Zhao (state), Zhao. Its territory lay between the states of Qin (state), Qin and Qi (state), Qi and included parts of modern-day Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, and Shandong. After its capital was moved from Xia County, Anyi to Kaifeng#History, Daliang (present-day Kaifeng) during the reign of King Hui of Wei, King Hui, Wei was also called Liang (). Not to be confused with the Wey (state), Wey state 衞, which is still sometimes only differentiated by its Chinese character in scholarship. History Foundation Surviving sources trace the ruling house of Wei to the Zhou royalty: Gao, Duke of Bi (), was a son of King Wen of Zhou. His descendants took their Chinese surname, surname, Bi (surname), Bi, from his fengjian, fief. Bi Wan () served the Jin (Chinese state), Jin, where he be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guan Ying
Guan Ying (died January 176 BC12th month of the 4th year of Emperor Wen's reign, per vol.14 of ''Zizhi Tongjian''. The month corresponds to 10 Jan to 8 Feb 176 BCE in the proleptic Julian calendar.), posthumously known as Marquis Yi of Yingyin, was a Chinese military general and politician who served as a chancellor of the early Han dynasty. Life Guan Ying was from Suiyang (), which is present-day Shangqiu, Henan. He served under Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Han dynasty, and had fought for Liu Bang in battles during the rebellion against the Qin dynasty and during the Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC) against his rival Xiang Yu. After Liu Bang became emperor and established the Han dynasty, Guan Ying served as General of Chariots and Cavalry (). He put down Chen Xi's rebellion and killed Hou Chang (), one of Chen Xi's lieutenants, in battle near Quni (; around west of present-day Baoding, Hebei) in 196BC. When Liu Bang died in 195 BC, his empress Lü Zhi became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhou Bo
Zhou Bo (; died 169 BC), posthumously known as Marquis Wu of Jiang (), was a Chinese official who served as a chancellor of the early Han dynasty. A friend of the Han dynasty's founding emperor Liu Bang (Emperor Gaozu), he joined Liu in the rebellion against the Qin dynasty between 209 and 206 BC, and later fought on Liu's side against Liu's rival Xiang Yu during the Chu–Han Contention from 206 BC to 202 BC. After the Han dynasty was established, he held key appointments in the government, including Grand Commandant and Right Imperial Chancellor, until his death. Life Zhou Bo's ancestral home was in Juan County (; present-day Yuanyang County, Henan) but he was born in Pei County in present-day Jiangsu. A friend of Liu Bang, he joined the latter in the rebellion against the Qin dynasty between 209 and 206 BC. After the fall of the Qin dynasty in 206 BC, Zhou Bo fought on Liu Bang's side against his rival Xiang Yu in a power struggle for supremacy over China historically know ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fan Kuai
Fan Kuai (242 – July 189 BC) was a military general of the early Western Han dynasty. He was a prominent figure of the Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC), a power struggle for supremacy over China between the Han dynasty's founder, Liu Bang, and his rival Xiang Yu. Early life Fan Kuai was a close friend of Liu Bang, both from the same hometown of Pei County (present-day Feng County, Jiangsu). In his early days, he was a butcher specialized in preparing dog meat. He married Lü Xu, the younger sister of Liu Bang's wife Lü Zhi, making him an extended kin of the Liu family (later the royal family of Han dynasty) via affinity. Rebelling against the Qin dynasty Once, Liu Bang released the prisoners he was escorting and became an outlaw on Mount Mangdang (in present-day Yongcheng, Henan). Following the Dazexiang Uprising in 209 BC, the magistrate of Pei County also wanted to rebel as well so he heeded Xiao He and Cao Shen's advice, and sent Fan Kuai to Mount Mangdang to invit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Shen
Cao Shen or Cao Can (died 24 September 190 BCE), courtesy name Jingbo (), was a Chinese military general and politician. He served as a chancellor of the Western Han dynasty. He participated in the Chu–Han Contention on Liu Bang (Emperor Gaozu of Han)'s side and contributed greatly to the founding of the Han dynasty. Early life Cao Shen was from Pei County in present-day Jiangsu and he served as a prison warden in his early days. He was a close friend of Liu Bang. Once, Liu Bang was tasked with escorting some convicts to Mount Li to become labourers, but some prisoners escaped and Liu was forced to become a fugitive. He sought refuge with his followers on Mount Mangdang (in present-day Yongcheng, Henan) and maintained secret contact with Cao Shen and Xiao He. In 209 BC, after the Dazexiang Uprising broke out, the magistrate of Pei County considered rebelling against the Qin dynasty as well, so he heeded Cao Shen and Xiao He's advice to invite Liu Bang back to support h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Han (Qin Dynasty)
Zhang Han (died June or July 205 BCAccording to Liu Bang's biography in the ''Shiji'', Zhang Han committed suicide in the sixth month of the second year of Liu Bang's reign as King of Han. This corresponds to 27 June to 25 July 205 BC in the proleptic Julian calendar. ( ��二年��月， ... 引水灌廢丘，廢丘降，章邯自殺。) ''Shiji'', vol. 8.) was a Chinese military general of the Qin dynasty. Between 209 and 208 BC, when uprisings against the Qin dynasty broke out, Zhang Han, along with Sima Xin and Dong Yi, led Qin forces into battle against the various rebel groups and defeated some of them. However, they lost to rebel forces led by Xiang Yu in 207 BC at the Battle of Julu and were forced to surrender. After the rebels overthrew the Qin dynasty in 206 BC, China was divided into the Eighteen Kingdoms and the three surrendered Qin generals were made kings – Zhang Han as the King of Yong, Sima Xin as the King of Sai, and Dong Yi as the King of Di. Their three king ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Han Xin
Han Xin (; ? – early 196 BCE) was a Chinese military general and politician who served Liu Bang during the Chu–Han Contention and contributed greatly to the founding of the Han dynasty. Han Xin was named as one of the "Three Heroes of the early Han dynasty" ( zh, script=Hant, 漢初三傑), along with Zhang Liang and Xiao He. Han Xin is best remembered as one of the most brilliant military commanders in Chinese history, renowned for his exceptional strategic intellect and tactical mastery. His innovative use of deception, maneuver warfare, and battlefield psychology set new standards in military art, with several of his campaigns serving as textbook examples of effective command. Han Xin's application of warfare principles not only exemplified but at times expanded upon the teachings of ''The Art of War'', with some of his tactics giving rise to enduring Chinese idioms. Undefeated in every engagement he commanded, his victories were instrumental in the founding of the Han ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Of Zhao
Zhao () was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It emerged from the tripartite division of Jin, along with Han and Wei, in the 5th century BC. Zhao gained considerable strength from the military reforms initiated during the reign of King Wuling, but suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Qin at the Battle of Changping. Its territory included areas in the modern provinces of Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi. It bordered the states of Qin, Wei, and Yan, as well as various nomadic peoples including the Hu and Xiongnu. Its capital was Handan, in modern Hebei province. Zhao was home to the administrative philosopher Shen Dao, Confucian Xun Kuang, and Gongsun Long, who is affiliated to the school of names. Origins and ascendancy The Zhao clan within Jin had been accumulating power for centuries, including annexing the Baidi state of Dai in the mid-5th At the end of the Spring and Autumn period, Jin was d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gong Ao
Gong Ao (; died 204 BC) was a ruler of the Eighteen Kingdoms, Kingdom of Linjiang of the Eighteen Kingdoms during the Chu–Han Contention, an interregnum between the Qin dynasty and the Han dynasty. Gong Ao descended from a noble family of the Chu (state), Chu state in the Warring States period. He served King Huai II of the insurgent Chu kingdom that was established in the final years of the Qin dynasty. After the fall of Qin in 206 BC, Xiang Yu divided the former Qin Empire into the Eighteen Kingdoms, and granted Gong Ao the title of "King of Linjiang" (臨江國). Gong Ao's fief was located in Nan Commandery (南郡; covering most of present-day northern Hubei) of the former Qin Empire, with Jiangling (江陵; present-day Jiangling County, Jingzhou, Hubei) as his capital. In late 206 BC, Gong Ao, along with Wu Rui and Ying Bu, received a secret order from Xiang Yu to kill Emperor Yi of Chu (the former King Huai II) while the emperor was on his journey to Chen County (郴縣; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wu Rui
Wu Rui (died ), King Wen of Changsha, was an ancient Chinese general and rebel leader who helped Liu Bang establish the Han dynasty. A Baiyue magistrate of Po County under the Qin dynasty, he rose to become King of Hengshan during the collapse of Qin and was enfeoffed as King of Changsha during the early Han dynasty. Life An ethnic Yue, Wu Rui was the son of Wu Shen ''Wú Shēn''), formerly grand marshal ''dà sīmǎ'', the highest military office) of the Chu state. During the Qin dynasty, Wu Rui was the magistrate of Po County, which had not yet flooded. He enjoyed high popularity and prestige among the local Baiyue people and was known as "Lord of the Po" After Chen Sheng and Wu Guang launched the Dazexiang Uprising against the Qin, Wu Rui organized a Baiyue army and joined the rebellion. Wu Rui's followers included Mei Xuan ''Méi Xuān'') and his son-in-law Ying Bu, both of whom assisted Liu Bang and played a major role in his victory against Qin and Xiang Yu. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ying Bu
Ying Bu (died November or December 196 BC) was a Chinese military general, monarch, politician, and warlord who lived during the early Han dynasty. He was a native of Lu County (六縣; present-day Lu'an, Anhui). In his early life under the Qin dynasty, Ying Bu was convicted and sentenced to ''qing'' (黥; a form of punishment which involved branding a criminal by tattooing his face), so he was also called Qing Bu (). He was then sent to Mount Li to perform hard labour by constructing Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum. He later escaped with some men and became the leader of a bandit gang. Ying Bu participated in the insurrection against the Qin dynasty after the Dazexiang Uprising broke out in 209 BC. After the uprising failed, he became part of a rebel force led by Xiang Liang. He assisted Xiang Liang's nephew and successor Xiang Yu in overthrowing the Qin dynasty. After the fall of Qin, he initially fought on Xiang Yu's side in the Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC), a power strug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
