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Battery Types
This list is a summary of notable electric battery types composed of one or more electrochemical cells. Three lists are provided in the table. The primary (non-rechargeable) and secondary (rechargeable) cell lists are lists of battery chemistry. The third list is a list of battery applications. Battery cell types Batteries by application * Automotive battery * Backup battery * Battery (vacuum tube) * Battery pack * Battery room * Battery storage power station, Battery-storage power station * Biobattery * Button cell * CMOS battery * Common battery * Commodity cell * Electric vehicle battery, Electric-vehicle battery * Flow battery * Home energy storage * Inverter battery * Lantern battery * Nanobatteries * Nanowire battery * Local battery * Polapulse battery * Photoflash battery * Reserve battery * Smart battery system * Watch battery * Water-activated battery See also * Atomic battery * Baghdad Battery * Battery nomenclature * Carnot battery * Comparison of commercial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duracell AA
Duracell Inc. is an American manufacturer of Alkaline battery, alkaline batteries, specialty cells, and Rechargeable battery, rechargeables; it is a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway since 2016. The company has its origins in the 1920s, through the work of Samuel Ruben and Philip Mallory, and the formation of the P. R. Mallory and Co Inc, P. R. Mallory Company. Through a number of corporate mergers and acquisitions, Duracell came to be owned by the consumer products conglomerate Procter & Gamble (P&G). In November 2014, P&G reached an agreement to sell the company to the international conglomeration Berkshire Hathaway through a transfer of shares. Under the deal, Berkshire Hathaway exchanged the shares it held in P&G for ownership of the Duracell business. History Origins Duracell originated via the partnership of scientist Samuel Ruben and businessman Philip Rogers Mallory, who met during the 1920s. The P. R. Mallory Company of Burlington, Massachusetts, United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lemon Battery
A lemon battery is a simple battery often made for the purpose of education. Typically, a piece of zinc metal (such as a galvanized nail) and a piece of copper (such as a penny) are inserted into a lemon and connected by wires. Power generated by reaction of the metals is used to power a small device such as a light-emitting diode (LED). The lemon battery is similar to the first electrical battery invented in 1800 by Alessandro Volta, who used brine (salt water) instead of lemon juice. The lemon battery illustrates the type of chemical reaction ( oxidation-reduction) that occurs in batteries. The zinc and copper are the electrodes, and the juice inside the lemon is the electrolyte. There are many variations of the lemon cell that use different fruits (or liquids) as electrolytes and metals other than zinc and copper as electrodes. Use in school projects There are numerous sets of instructions for making lemon batteries and for obtaining components such as light-emitting diodes, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solid-state Battery
A solid-state battery (SSB) is an electrical battery that uses a solid electrolyte (''solectro'') to conduct ions between the electrodes, instead of the liquid or gel polymer electrolytes found in conventional batteries. Solid-state batteries theoretically offer much higher energy density than the typical lithium-ion or lithium polymer batteries. While solid electrolytes were first discovered in the 19th century, several problems prevented widespread application. Developments in the late 20th and early 21st century generated renewed interest in the technology, especially in the context of electric vehicles. Solid-state batteries can use metallic lithium for the anode and oxides or sulfides for the cathode, increasing energy density. The solid electrolyte acts as an ideal separator that allows only lithium ions to pass through. For that reason, solid-state batteries can potentially solve many problems of currently used liquid electrolyte Li-ion batteries, such as flammabil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silver-oxide Battery
A silver oxide battery (IEC code: S) is a primary cell using silver oxide as the cathode material and zinc for the anode. These cells maintain a nearly constant nominal voltage during discharge until fully depleted. They are available in small sizes as button cells, where the amount of silver used is minimal and not a prohibitively expensive contributor to the overall product cost. Silver oxide primary batteries account for 30% of all primary battery sales in Japan (64 mil. out of 212 million in February 2020). History A silver oxide cell was first constructed by Alessandro Volta in late 1800. This consisted of a circle of cups of a liquid saline electrolyte, containing alternating zinc and silver strips connected by wire. It is claimed that 20 such cups were sufficient for the electrolysis of water. Large silver oxide batteries were used on early ICBM's and satellites because of their high energy-to-weight ratio. For example the Corona reconnaissance satellites used th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smee Cell
A lemon battery is a simple battery often made for the purpose of education. Typically, a piece of zinc metal (such as a galvanized nail) and a piece of copper (such as a penny) are inserted into a lemon and connected by wires. Power generated by reaction of the metals is used to power a small device such as a light-emitting diode (LED). The lemon battery is similar to the first electrical battery invented in 1800 by Alessandro Volta, who used brine (salt water) instead of lemon juice. The lemon battery illustrates the type of chemical reaction ( oxidation-reduction) that occurs in batteries. The zinc and copper are the electrodes, and the juice inside the lemon is the electrolyte. There are many variations of the lemon cell that use different fruits (or liquids) as electrolytes and metals other than zinc and copper as electrodes. Use in school projects There are numerous sets of instructions for making lemon batteries and for obtaining components such as light-emitting diodes, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulvermacher's Chain
The Pulvermacher chain, or in full as it was sold the Pulvermacher hydro-electric chain, was a type of voltaic cell, voltaic battery sold in the second half of the 19th century for medical applications. Its chief market was amongst the numerous Quackery, quack practitioners who were taking advantage of the popularity of the relatively new treatment of electrotherapy, or "electrification" as it was then known. Its unique selling point was its construction of numerous linked galvanic cell, cells, rendering it mechanically flexible. A variant intended to be worn wrapped on parts of the body for long periods was known as Pulvermacher's galvanic chain or electric belt. The Pulvermacher Company attracted a great deal of antagonism from the medical community due to their use of the names of well-known physicians in their advertising without permission. The nature of their business; in selling to charlatans and promoting quack practices also made them unpopular with the medical commun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paper Battery
A paper battery is engineered to use a spacer formed largely of cellulose (the major constituent of paper). It incorporates nanoscopic scale structures to act as high surface-area electrodes to improve conductivity. In addition to being unusually thin, paper batteries are flexible and environmentally-friendly, allowing integration into a wide range of products. Their functioning is similar to conventional chemical batteries with the important difference that they are non-corrosive and do not require extensive housing. Advantages The composition of these batteries is what sets them apart from traditional batteries. Paper is abundant and self-sustaining, which makes paper cheap. Disposing of paper is also inexpensive since paper is combustible as well as biodegradable. Using paper gives the battery a great degree of flexibility. The battery can be bent or wrapped around objects instead of requiring a fixed casing. Also, being a thin, flat sheet, the paper battery can easily fit into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Radical Battery
An organic radical battery (ORB) is a type of battery first developed in 2005. As of 2011, this type of battery was generally not available for the consumer, although their development at that time was considered to be approaching practical use. ORBs are potentially more environmentally friendly than conventional Galvanic cell, metal-based batteries, because they use organic radical polymers (flexible plastics) to provide electrical power instead of metals. ORBs are considered to be a high-power alternative to the Li-ion battery. Functional prototypes of the battery have been researched and developed by different research groups and corporations including the Japanese corporation NEC Corporation, NEC. The organic radical polymers used in ORBs are examples of stable radical (chemistry), radicals, which are stabilized by steric effects, steric and/or resonance (chemistry), resonance effects. For example, the nitroxide radical in TEMPO (chemical compound), (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxyride Battery
A nickel oxyhydroxide battery (abbr. NiOx, IEC code: Z) is a type of primary cell. It is not rechargeable and must be disposed after a single use. NiOx batteries can be used in high-drain applications such as digital cameras. NiOx batteries used in low-drain applications have lifespans similar to alkaline batteries. NiOx batteries produce a higher voltage (1.7V) than alkaline batteries (1.5V) which can cause problems in certain products, such as equipment with incandescent light bulbs (such as flashlights/torches) or devices without a voltage regulator. Construction The nickel oxyhydroxide cell is different from a standard alkaline battery in the manufacturing process and in chemical composition. The chemical difference is the addition of nickel oxyhydroxide to the manganese dioxide and graphite for the cathode. This results in an unloaded voltage of 1.7 V DC per cell. The cells sustain a higher average voltage during discharge compared to alkaline batteries, which may cause a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molten Salt Battery
Molten-salt batteries are a class of battery that uses molten salts as an electrolyte and offers both a high energy density and a high power density. Traditional non-rechargeable thermal batteries can be stored in their solid state at room temperature for long periods of time before being activated by heating. Rechargeable liquid-metal batteries are used for industrial power backup, special electric vehiclesand for grid energy storage, to balance out intermittent renewable power sources such as solar panels and wind turbines. In 2023, the use of molten salts as electrolytes for high-energy rechargeable lithium metal batteries was demonstrated. History Thermal batteries originated during World War II when German scientist Georg Otto Erb developed the first practical cells using a salt mixture as an electrolyte. Erb developed batteries for military applications, including the V-1 flying bomb and the V-2 rocket, and artillery fuzing systems. None of these batteries entered fiel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mercury Battery
A mercury battery (also called mercuric oxide battery, mercury cell, button cell, or Ruben-Mallory) is a non-rechargeable electrochemical battery, a primary cell. Mercury batteries use a reaction between mercuric oxide and zinc electrodes in an alkaline electrolyte. The voltage during discharge remains practically constant at 1.35 volts, and the capacity is much greater than that of a similarly sized zinc-carbon battery. Mercury batteries were used in the shape of button cells for watches, hearing aids, cameras and calculators, and in larger forms for other applications. For a time during and after World War II, batteries made with mercury became a popular power source for portable electronic devices. Due to the content of toxic mercury and environmental concerns about its disposal, the sale of mercury batteries is now banned in many countries. Both ANSI and IEC have withdrawn their standards for mercury batteries. History The mercury oxide-zinc battery system was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
