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Barcelona Pavilion
The Barcelona Pavilion (; ; "German Pavilion"), designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich, was the German Pavilion for the 1929 International Exposition in Barcelona, Spain. This building was used for the official opening of the German section of the exhibition. It is an important building in the history of modern architecture, known for its simple form and its spectacular use of extravagant materials, such as marble, red onyx and travertine. Furnishings specifically designed for the building, including the Barcelona chair, are still in production. It has inspired many important modernist buildings. The original structure was demolished in 1930, and the existing reconstruction was completed in 1986. Concept Mies and Reich were offered the commission of this building in 1928 after his successful administration of the 1927 Werkbund exhibition in Stuttgart. The German Republic entrusted Mies with the artistic management and erection of not only the Barcelona Pavil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Plan
In architecture, a free plan is an open plan with non- load-bearing walls dividing interior space. In this structural system, the building structure is separate of the interior partitions. This is made possible by replacing interior load-bearing walls with moving the structure of the building to the exterior, or by having columns that are free from space dividing partitions. Definition Free plan, in the architecture world, refers to the ability to have a floor plan with non-load bearing walls and floors by creating a structural system that holds the weight of the building by ways of an interior skeleton of load bearing columns. The building system carries only its columns, or skeleton, and each corresponding ceiling. Free plan allows for the ability to create buildings without being limited by the placement of walls for structural support, and enables an architect to have the freedom to design the outside and inside façade without compromise. Influences Le Corbusier became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modernism
Modernism was an early 20th-century movement in literature, visual arts, and music that emphasized experimentation, abstraction, and Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy), subjective experience. Philosophy, politics, architecture, and social issues were all aspects of this movement. Modernism centered around beliefs in a "growing Marx's theory of alienation, alienation" from prevailing "morality, optimism, and Convention (norm), convention" and a desire to change how "social organization, human beings in a society interact and live together". The modernist movement emerged during the late 19th century in response to significant changes in Western culture, including secularization and the growing influence of science. It is characterized by a self-conscious rejection of tradition and the search for newer means of cultural expressions, cultural expression. Modernism was influenced by widespread technological innovation, industrialization, and urbanization, as well as the cul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip Johnson
Philip Cortelyou Johnson (July 8, 1906 – January 25, 2005) was an American architect who designed modern and postmodern architecture. Among his best-known designs are his modernist Glass House in New Canaan, Connecticut; the postmodern 550 Madison Avenue in New York City, designed for AT&T; 190 South La Salle Street in Chicago; IDS Tower in downtown Minneapolis; the Sculpture Garden of New York City's Museum of Modern Art; and the Pre-Columbian Pavilion at Dumbarton Oaks. His January 2005 obituary in ''The New York Times'' described his works as being "widely considered among the architectural masterpieces of the 20th century". In 1930, Johnson became the first director of the architecture department of the Museum of Modern Art in New York. There he arranged for visits by Walter Gropius and Le Corbusier and negotiated the first American commission for Mies van der Rohe, after he fled Nazi Germany. In 1932, he organized with Henry-Russell Hitchcock the first exhibition d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Goldberger
Paul Goldberger (born December 4, 1950)Brennan, Elizabeth A.; Clarage, Elizabeth C''Who's who of Pulitzer Prize winners'' Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. Cfp.87on Paul Goldberger"Profile: Paul Goldberger" , ''Cityfile'' New York is an American author, architecture critic and lecturer — widely known as contributing editor at Vanity Fair, architectural critic for the (1997-) and columnist of ''Sky Line'' for '' |
Mies Van Der Rohe Foundation
The Mies van der Rohe Foundation is a non-profit public entity created with the aim of reconstructing the German Pavilion that the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and designer Lilly Reich created for the Barcelona International Exposition (1929). The temporary pavilion was demolished in 1930 after the exposition finished. In 1959 the architect Oriol Bohigas asked Mies van der Rohe for permission to rebuild the Pavilion, and in 1983 work began with the team of architects Ignasi de Solà-Morales, Cristian Cirici and Fernando Ramos, in collaboration with Arthur Drexler and the Mies van der Rohe archive at MoMA. The present building was inaugurated in 1986. Activities In addition to ensuring the preservation of one of the pioneering works of modern architecture, the Mies van der Rohe Foundation aims to deepen the debate on modern and contemporary architecture and urban planning, create a documentary archive on Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and promote the study of the architect. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tinos
Tinos ( ) is a Greek island situated in the Aegean Sea. It forms part of the Cyclades archipelago. The closest islands are Andros, Delos, and Mykonos. It has a land area of and a 2021 census population of 8,934 inhabitants. Tinos is famous amongst Greeks for the Church of Our Lady of Tinos, Panagia Evangelistria, for the island's 80 or so windmills, for about 1,000 artistic dovecotes, for 50 active villages and for the Republic of Venice, Venetian fortifications on the mountain Exomvourgo. On Tinos, both Greek Orthodox and Catholic populations co-exist, and the island is also well known for its sculptors and painters, such as Nikolaos Gysis, Yannoulis Chalepas and Nikiforos Lytras. The island is located near the geographical center of the Cyclades islands complex, and because of the Panagia Evangelistria church, with the reputedly miraculous icon of Virgin Mary that it holds, Tinos is also the center of a yearly pilgrimage that takes place on the date of the Dormition of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georg Kolbe
Georg Kolbe (15 April 1877 – 20 November 1947) was a German sculptor. He was the leading German figure sculptor of his generation, in a vigorous, modern, simplified classical style similar to Aristide Maillol of France. Early life and education Kolbe was born in Waldheim, Saxony. Originally trained as a painter in Dresden, Munich, and Paris, he began sculpting during a stay in Rome at the turn of the century under the technical guidance of sculptor Louis Tuaillon. Career In 1905, Kolbe joined the 'Berliner Sezession', which in 1913, he left to join the 'Freie Sezession'. His artistic breakthrough came in 1912 with his sculpture masterpiece "Die Tänzerin", his most famous work. As he was very interested in Asian faces, D. N. Mazumdar, father of Indian novelist Anita Desai, sat for him, resulting in a bust and a torso. In 1929, he also collaborated with Lilly Reich and Mies van der Rohe for his sculpture in the Barcelona Pavilion; Mies placed Kolbe's ''Alba (Dawn)'' in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plinth
A pedestal or plinth is a support at the bottom of a statue, vase, column, or certain altars. Smaller pedestals, especially if round in shape, may be called socles. In civil engineering, it is also called ''basement''. The minimum height of the plinth is usually kept as 45 cm (for buildings). It transmits loads from superstructure to the substructure and acts as the retaining wall for the filling inside the plinth or raised floor. In sculpting, the terms base, plinth, and pedestal are defined according to their subtle differences. A base is defined as a large mass that supports the sculpture from below. A plinth is defined as a flat and planar support which separates the sculpture from the environment. A pedestal, on the other hand, is defined as a shaft-like form that raises the sculpture and separates it from the base. An elevated pedestal or plinth that bears a statue, and which is raised from the substructure supporting it (typically roofs or corniches), is some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barcelona Chair
The Barcelona chair is a chair designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich for the German Pavilion at the International Exposition of 1929, hosted in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The chair was first used in Villa Tugendhat, a private residence, designed by Mies in Brno (Czech Republic). Materials and manufacture The frame was initially designed to be bolted together but was redesigned in 1950 using stainless steel, which allowed the frame to be formed with a seamless piece of metal, giving it a smoother appearance. Bovine leather replaced the ivory-colored pigskin which was used for the original pieces. Philosophy and ergonomics Although many architects and furniture designers of the Bauhaus era were intent on providing well-designed homes and impeccably manufactured furnishings for common people, the Barcelona chair was an exception. It was designed for Spanish royalty to oversee the opening ceremonies of the exhibition and was described by ''Time'' magazine as i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poble Espanyol
The (literally, ''Spanish town'') is an open-air architectural museum in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, approximately away from the Magic Fountain of Montjuïc, Fountains of Montjuïc. Built for the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition, the museum consists of 117 full-scale buildings replicated from different places in Spain, joined forming a small town recreating urban atmospheres of disparate places with different architectures. It also contains a theater, restaurants, artisan workshops, and a museum of contemporary art. History The museum was built for the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition as an exhibit of the architecture and townscapes found in different places in Spain. The idea was promoted by the Catalan architect Josep Puig i Cadafalch, Puig i Cadafalch and the project was realized by architects and , art critic and painter Miquel Utrillo and painter . The four professionals visited over 600,000 sites to collect examples in an attempt to synthesize characteris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georg Von Schnitzler
Georg August Eduard von Schnitzler (29 October 1884 – 24 May 1962) was a German nobleman, member of the board at IG Farben and a Nazi war criminal. Early years Born into the family of briefadel, Georg was as the son of Paul Wilhelm Jakob von Schnitzler (1856-1932) and his wife, Fanny Emilie Joest (1861), younger sister of Carl August von Joest (1858-1942). Schnitzler studied law at a number of universities, eventually completing his doctorate at the University of Leipzig in 1907. After a year's travel he went to work for Bankhaus J.H. Stein of Cologne. Personal life He married Lilly Bertha Dorothea von Mallinckrodt (1889-1991) in 1910. His new wife was a noted figure in German high society and Georg von Schnitzer himself was noted for his immaculate dress sense and expensive tastes in wine and the arts. They had one daughter, Gabrielle von Schnitzler (1918-2017), who married Count Franz Joseph von Seefried auf Buttenheim, Freiherr zu Hagenbach, the youngest son of Princ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
