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Balanophoraceae Plastid Code
The Balanophoraceae are a subtropical to tropical family of obligate parasitic flowering plants, notable for their unusual development and formerly obscure affinities. In the broadest circumscription, the family consists of 16 genera. Alternatively, three genera may be split off into the segregate family Mystropetalaceae. The plants are normally found growing on tree roots in moist inland forests and have an above ground inflorescence with the overall appearance of a fungus, composed of numerous minute flowers. The inflorescences develop inside the tuberous underground part of the plant, before rupturing it and surfacing. The plants are monoecious or dioecious, and the fruits are indehiscent drupes or nuts. The underground portion, which attaches itself to the host, looks like a tuber, and is not a proper root system. The plants contain no chlorophyll. ''Balanophora'' means "bearing an acorn" (from the shape of the female inflorescence). Taxonomy In the classification system of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetics, phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlamydophytum
''Chlamydophytum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Balanophoraceae The Balanophoraceae are a subtropical to tropical family of obligate parasitic flowering plants, notable for their unusual development and formerly obscure affinities. In the broadest circumscription, the family consists of 16 genera. Alterna .... Its native range is Western Central Tropical Africa. Species: * ''Chlamydophytum aphyllum'' Mildbr. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q5766893 Balanophoraceae Santalales genera Taxa named by Johannes Mildbraed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balanophora
''Balanophora'' is a genus of parasitic flowering plants in the family Balanophoraceae distributed from tropical Africa and Madagascar, through South and Southeast Asia, Japan, Queensland and the islands of the western Pacific. There are 25 accepted species. Many species emit an odour which possibly attracts pollinators in the same way that pollinators are attracted to ''Rafflesia''. ''Balanophora'' species are used in folk medicine in many Asian cultures. For example, in Taiwan and China, ''Balanophora'' is known as ''she-gu'' (snake-fungus) and in Thailand as ''hoh-ra-tao-su-nak''. In both cases, the plant is used to treat a variety of ailments and has various ritual purposes. The tubers of ''Balanophora'' are rich in a wax-like substance which is used in Java as a fuel for torches. Taxonomy The genus was first described in 1775 by Johann Reinhold Forster and his son Georg Forster in ''Characteres Generum Plantarum''. The name is derived from the ancient Greek words (), mea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plants Of The World Online
Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online in March 2017 with the goal of creating an exhaustive online database of all seed-bearing plants worldwide. (Govaerts wrongly speaks of "Convention for Botanical Diversity (CBD)). The initial focus was on tropical African flora, particularly flora ''Zambesiaca'', flora of West and East Tropical Africa. Since March 2024, the website has displayed AI-generated predictions of the extinction risk for each plant. Description The database uses the same taxonomical source as the International Plant Names Index, which is the World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP). The database contains information on the world's flora gathered from 250 years of botanical research. It aims to make available data from projects that no longer have an online ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opiliaceae
Opiliaceae is a family of flowering plants comprising 11 genera and 33 known species. It consists of tropical woody plants. Several genera contain parasitic species. The biggest genus, in number of species and in stature of the individual plants, is '' Agonandra'', the only American genus. Since it was first described this family has been recognized universally by taxonomists. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), also recognizes this family and assigns it to the order Santalales in the clade core eudicots The eudicots or eudicotyledons are flowering plants that have two seed leaves (cotyledons) upon germination. The term derives from ''dicotyledon'' (etymologically, ''eu'' = true; ''di'' = two; ''cotyledon'' = seed leaf). Historically, authors h .... References External links Opiliaceae at Parasitic Plants Eudicot families {{Santalales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schoepfiaceae
Schoepfiaceae is a family of flowering plants recognized in the APG III system of 2009. The family was previously only recognized by few taxonomists; the plants in question usually being assigned to family Olacaceae and Santalaceae. The genus '' Schoepfia'' is, according to molecular studies, more closely related to the families Misodendraceae and Loranthaceae, and to uphold the criteria of monophyly it must be excluded from Olacaceae. Further investigations have also shown that the South American genera '' Arjona'' and '' Quinchamalium'' (previously in the family Santalaceae The Santalaceae, sandalwoods, are a widely distributed family of flowering plants (including small trees, shrubs, perennial plants, perennial herbs, and epiphyte, epiphytic climbersHewson & George t al.'Santalaceae'' taxonomy, 1984, pp. 191-1 ...) are part of this family. Thus the family contains three genera. ''Quinchamalium'' was thought to comprise 21 species in 2015, but this was reduced to a single w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Misodendraceae
''Misodendrum'' is a genus of hemiparasites which grow as mistletoes on various species of ''Nothofagus''. Its species are all restricted to South America. The name of the genus is incorrectly spelt in a number of ways, including ''Misodendron'' and ''Myzodendron''. ''Misodendrum'' is placed in its own family (biology), family, Misodendraceae, in the order Santalales. These plants have the common name of feathery mistletoes. Species , The Plant List accepts the following species: *''Misodendrum angulatum'' Phil. *''Misodendrum brachystachyum'' DC. *''Misodendrum gayanum'' Tiegh. *''Misodendrum linearifolium'' DC. *''Misodendrum macrolepis'' Phil. *''Misodendrum oblongifolium'' DC. *''Misodendrum punctulatum'' Banks ex DC. *''Misodendrum quadriflorum'' DC. See also *Parasitic plant References External links Misodendraceaein L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards)''The families of flowering plants'' Santalales Flora of Southern America Santalales genera Taxa named ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loranthaceae
Loranthaceae, commonly known as the showy mistletoes, is a family of flowering plants. It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of woody plants, many of them hemiparasites. The three terrestrial species are '' Nuytsia floribunda'' (the Western Australian Christmas tree), '' Atkinsonia ligustrina'' (from the Blue Mountains of Australia), and '' Gaiadendron punctatum'' (from Central/South America.) Loranthaceae are primarily xylem parasites, but their haustoria may sometimes tap the phloem, while '' Tristerix aphyllus'' is almost holoparasitic. For a more complete description of the Australian Loranthaceae, seFlora of Australia online., for the Malesian Loranthaceae seFlora of Malesia Originally, Loranthaceae contained all mistletoe species, but the mistletoes of Europe and North America ('' Viscum'', ''Arceuthobium'', and '' Phoradendron'') belong to the family Santalaceae. The APG II system 2003 assigns the family to the order Santalales in the clade core eudicot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santalaceae
The Santalaceae, sandalwoods, are a widely distributed family of flowering plants (including small trees, shrubs, perennial plants, perennial herbs, and epiphyte, epiphytic climbersHewson & George [et al.]''Santalaceae'' taxonomy, 1984, pp. 191-194.) which, like other members of Santalales, are partially parasitic on other plants. Its flowers are bisexual or, by abortion ("flower drop"), unisexual.Pilger, R''Santalaceae''(with 17 figures). R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 350, pp. 1-45. Modern treatments of the Santalaceae include the family Viscaceae (mistletoes), previously considered distinct. The APG II system of 2003 recognises the family and assigns it to the order Santalales in the clade core eudicots. However, the circumscription by APG is much wider than accepted by previous classifications, including the plants earlier treated in families Eremolepidaceae and Viscaceae. It includes about 1,000 species in 43 genera. Many have reported traditional and cultural uses, inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olacaceae
Olacaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Santalales. They are woody plants, native throughout the tropical regions of the world. , the circumscription of the family varies; some sources maintain a broad family, others split it into seven segregate families. Taxonomy The 1998 APG system and the 2003 APG II system assign it to the order Santalales in the clade core eudicots. Prior to the advent of molecular data, the circumscription of the family Olacaceae varied widely between different authorities.Valéry Malécot and Daniel L. Nickrent. 2008. "Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships of Olacaceae and Related Santalales". ''Systematic Botany'' 33(1):97-106. Among these various classifications, about 30 genera were included in the family. 15 genera are recognized for Olacaceae by the Germplasm Resources Information Network. The phylogenetic investigation published in 2008 recovered seven clades that were well-supported by molecular and morphological characters, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mystropetalon
''Mystropetalon'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Balanophoraceae The Balanophoraceae are a subtropical to tropical family of obligate parasitic flowering plants, notable for their unusual development and formerly obscure affinities. In the broadest circumscription, the family consists of 16 genera. Alterna .... Its native range is South Africa. Species Species: * ''Mystropetalon thomii'' Harv. References {{Taxonbar, from1=Q6035310, from2=Q17305140 Balanophoraceae Santalales genera Taxa named by William Henry Harvey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
