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Bab Al-Sheikh
Bab al-Sheikh () is an old neighborhood in the Rusafa side of Baghdad, Iraq. It is notable for being the location of the mausoleum of Sufi Sheikh Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani, founder of the Qadiriyya Order. The area is located in Bab al-Sharqi and next to al-Khilani Square. History Background The name “''Bab al-Sheikh''” translates to “''The Gate of the Sheikh''” and is a reference to the Sufi Sheikh Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani who is buried in a tomb in the same mosque in the area that also bears his name. Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani was a respected Sufi Theologian and mystic who founded the Sufi Qadiriyya Order and a madrasa dedicated to it that bears its name where al-Gilani and his family lived in until his death in 1166 where he was buried in it. His order flourished and survived the Mongol destruction of Baghdad. However, when Iranian Safavid Shah Isma'il I conquered Baghdad, he destroyed the shrine. In 1534 Baghdad was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, Suleiman the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neighborhood
A neighbourhood (Commonwealth English) or neighborhood (American English) is a geographically localized community within a larger town, city, suburb or rural area, sometimes consisting of a single street and the buildings lining it. Neighbourhoods are often social communities with considerable face-to-face interaction among members. Researchers have not agreed on an exact definition, but the following may serve as a starting point: "Neighbourhood is generally defined spatially as a specific geographic area and functionally as a set of social networks. Neighbourhoods, then, are the spatial units in which face-to-face social interactions occur—the personal settings and situations where residents seek to realise common values, socialise youth, and maintain effective social control." Preindustrial cities In the words of the urban scholar Lewis Mumford, "Neighborhoods, in some annoying, inchoate fashion exist wherever human beings congregate, in permanent family dwellings; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suleiman The Magnificent
Suleiman I (; , ; 6 November 14946 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in the Western world and as Suleiman the Lawgiver () in his own realm, was the List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman sultan between 1520 and his death in 1566. Under his administration, the Ottoman Empire ruled over at least 25 million people. After succeeding his father Selim I on 30 September 1520, Suleiman began his reign by launching military campaigns against the Christendom, Christian powers of Central and Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean; Siege of Belgrade (1521), Belgrade fell to him in 1521 and Siege of Rhodes (1522), Rhodes in 1522–1523, and at Battle of Mohács, Mohács in 1526, Suleiman broke the strength of the Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages, Kingdom of Hungary. Presiding over the apex of the Ottoman Empire's economic, military, and political strength, Suleiman rose to become a prominent monarch of 16th-century Europe, as he personally led Arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dawud Pasha Of Baghdad
Dawūd Pasha of Baghdad ( '; ka, დაუდ ფაშა; ) ( 1767–1851), born ''Davit Manvelashvili'' ('' ka, დავით მანველაშვილი'' in Tbilisi, Georgia, of Georgian origin) was the last Mamluk ruler of Ottoman Iraq, from 1816 to 1831. Biography Iraq at this period was nominally part of the Ottoman Empire but in practice largely autonomous. Mamluks were originally freed slaves who had converted to Islam and were assigned to military and administrative duties in the Ottoman Empire. Mamluk rulers governed in the territory that became Iraq, acquiring increasing autonomy from the Ottoman Sultan in Constantinople, from 1704 to 1831. The history of modern Iraq's boundaries can be traced to 1749, when the Ottoman Sultan extended the authority of the Mamluk Wali (Governor) of Basra to include the eyalet (province) of Baghdad, initiating a period of Mamluk rule that lasted until 1831. After seizing control of Baghdad Eyalet in 1816–1817, D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamluk Dynasty (Iraq)
The Mamluk dynasty of Iraq () was a dynasty of Georgian Mamluk origin which ruled over Iraq in the 18th and early 19th centuries. In the Ottoman Empire, Mamluks were freedmen who converted to Islam, were trained in a special school, and then assigned to military and administrative duties. Such Mamluks presided over Iraq from 1704 to 1831. The Mamluk ruling elite, composed principally of Georgian and Circassian origin from Caucasian officers, succeeded in asserting autonomy from their Ottoman overlords, and restored order and some degree of economic prosperity in the region. The Ottomans overthrew the Mamluk regime in 1831 and gradually imposed their direct rule over Iraq, which would last until World War I, although the Mamluks continued to be a dominant socio-political force in Iraq, as most of the administrative personnel of note in Baghdad were drawn from former Mamluk households, or comprised a cross-section of the notable class in Mamluk times. Background Ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Rıza Pasha (governor Of Baghdad)
Ali Rıza Pasha (sometimes spelled Ali Ridha Pasha) was an Ottoman general and Vali of Ottoman Baghdad from 1831 to 1842, replacing the Georgian Mamluk Dynasty which had ruled Iraq up until that time. Biography Ali Rıza was originally from Trabzon near the Black Sea, and belonged to the Laz people, which is why he was attributed to it but also had features that the Tatar people had. Ali Pasha was considered a follower of the Islamic Sufi Bektashi Order. Reportedly an alcohol addict, he kept his first wife in Aleppo when he came to Baghdad, and two months after his arrival, he married a girl named Salma Khatun, a Mamluk girl in Baghdad of Kurdish origin. Military and political career By the early 19th century, the Ottoman Empire had wanted to regain control over what was then Mamluk Iraq. Continuous rebellions against the Pashas, as well as the danger from Iranians wanting to conquer Iraq led Sultan Mahmud II to decide to replace the then-governor of Baghdad, Dawud Pash ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of The Classical Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire developed over the years as a despotism with the Sultan as the supreme ruler of a centralized government that had an effective control of its provinces, officials and inhabitants. Wealth and rank could be inherited but were just as often earned. Positions were perceived as titles, such as viziers and '' aghas''. Military service was a key to many problems. The expansion of the Empire called for a systematic administrative organization that developed into a dual system of military ("Central Government") and civil administration ("Provincial System") and developed a kind of separation of powers: higher executive functions were carried out by the military authorities and judicial and basic administration were carried out by civil authorities. Outside this system were various types of vassal and tributary states. Most of the areas ruled by the Ottomans were explicitly mentioned in the official full style of the sultan, including various lofty titles adopted to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karbala
Karbala is a major city in central Iraq. It is the capital of Karbala Governorate. With an estimated population of 691,100 people in 2024, Karbala is the second largest city in central Iraq, after Baghdad. The city is located about southwest of Baghdad, and a few miles east of Lake Milh, also known as Razzaza Lake. Karbala is one of the main political, spiritual and cultural hubs of Shi'a Islam. The city, best known as the location of the battle of Karbala in 680 AD between Husayn ibn Ali and his band of several dozen followers, including some armed women, and several thousand soldiers led by Umar ibn Sa'd, General Umar ibn Sa'd on behalf of Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, the local governor. With presence of the shrines of Imam Husayn Shrine, Hussain and Al Abbas Mosque, Abbas, Karbala is considered a holy city for Shia Islam, Shia Muslims.Shimoni & Levine, 1974, p. 160.Aghaie, 2004, pp. 10–11. Soon, Karbala emerged as an important center of pilgrimage for Shiite Muslims across ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, colonies, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, mandates, and other Dependent territory, territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the English overseas possessions, overseas possessions and trading posts established by Kingdom of England, England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, and colonisation attempts by Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland during the 17th century. At its height in the 19th and early 20th centuries, it became the List of largest empires, largest empire in history and, for a century, was the foremost global power. By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, of the world population at the time, and by 1920, it covered , of the Earth's total land area. As a result, Westminster system, its constitutional, Common law, legal, English language, linguistic, and Culture of the United Kingdom, cultural legacy is widespread. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murad IV
Murad IV (, ''Murād-ı Rābiʿ''; , 27 July 1612 – 8 February 1640) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutality of his methods. Murad IV was born in Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603–17) and Kösem Sultan. He was brought to power by a palace conspiracy when he was just 11 years old, and he succeeded his uncle Mustafa I (r. 1617–18, 1622–23). Until he assumed absolute power on 18 May 1632, the empire was ruled by his mother, Kösem Sultan, as ''nāʾib-i salṭanat'' (regent). His reign is most notable for the Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–1639), Ottoman–Safavid War, of which the Treaty of Zuhab, outcome would partition the Caucasus between the two Imperial powers for around two centuries, while it also roughly laid the foundation for the current Turkey–Iran–Iraq borders. Early life Murad IV was born on 27 July 1612 t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Sultans Of The Ottoman Empire
The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922. At its height, the Ottoman Empire spanned an area from Hungary in the north to Yemen in the south and from Algeria in the west to Iraq in the east. Administered at first from the city of Söğüt since before 1280 and then from the city of Bursa since 1323 or 1324, the empire's capital was moved to Adrianople (now known as Edirne in English) in 1363 following its conquest by Murad I and then to Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) in 1453 following its conquest by Mehmed II. The Ottoman Empire's early years have been the subject of varying narratives, due to the difficulty of discerning fact from legend. The empire came into existence at the end of the 13th century, and its first ruler (and the namesake of the Empire) was Osman I. According to later, often unreliabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bab Al-Talsim
Bab al-Talsim (), originally named Bab al-Halba (), was an old Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid gateway that existed on the Al-Rusafa, Iraq, Rusafa side of Baghdad, Iraq, and was one of the old gates of Baghdad. The gate was preserved and well-maintained until Ottoman Empire, Ottoman troops demolished it on 11 March 1917 when retaliating from the city during World War I. History During the late Abbasid Era, the 28th Caliph, al-Mustazhir ( CE), built a new wall around the eastern side of Baghdad to protect it from invading armies and Bedouin raids. Along with the wall came several gates, one of which was the Bab al-Talsim, then known as ''Bab al-Halba''. Which would be fully completed by Caliph al-Mustarshid ( CE) in 1123. Over time, several Abbasid Caliphs would repair the walls of Eastern Baghdad. In 1221, Caliph al-Nasir restored the gates and walls of Baghdad and decorated Bab al-Halba with an inscription and a tower. Al-Nasir's inscription on the gate depicts two knotted serpents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Nasir
Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn al-Hasan al-Mustaḍīʾ (), better known by his al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh (; 6 August 1158 – 5 October 1225) or simply as al-Nasir, was the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad from 1180 until his death. His literally can mean ''The One who Gives Victory to the Religion of God''. He continued the efforts of his grandfather al-Muqtafi in restoring the caliphate to its ancient dominant role and achieved a surprising amount of success as his army even conquered parts of Iran. According to the historian, Angelika Hartmann, al-Nasir was the last ''effective Abbasid'' caliph. In addition to his military success al-Nasir built many monuments in Baghdad that are still standing such as Zumurrud Khatun Mosque and Mausoleum. Biography Al-Nasir was the son of Caliph al-Mustadi and a Turkic peoples, Turkish ''umm walad'' called ''Zumurrud'' (Emerald). His reign was unusual for the rise of the futuwwa groups in his reign, connected to Baghdad's long-standing ayyarun. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
