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Archaic Southwest
The Archaic Southwest was the culture of the North American Southwest between 6500 BC and 200 AD (approximately). Paleo-Indian era The Paleo-Indian tradition before that dates from 10,500 BC to 7500 BC. The Southwestern United States during the Archaic time frame can be identified or defined culturally in two separate ways: # Agriculture, pottery styles and public architecture – People of the southwest had a variety of subsistence strategies, all using their own specific techniques. Crops included maize, beans, and squash. The earliest known maize cultivation in the Southwest is about 2100 BC. Settlements grew larger as agriculture became more important in subsistence. # The absence of Formal Social Stratification, large cities, writing, and major architecture. Archaic era As the climate warmed at the end of the Ice Age, mammoths and large animals such as horses and camels began to disappear. Hunter/gatherers gradually adapted to these changes, supplementing their diet with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Peoples Of The North American Southwest
The Indigenous peoples of the North American Southwest are those in the current states of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Nevada in the western United States, and the states of Sonora and Chihuahua in northern Mexico. An often quoted statement from Erik Reed (1964) defined the Greater Southwest culture area as extending north to south from Durango, Mexico to Durango, Colorado and east to west from Las Vegas, Nevada to Las Vegas, New Mexico.Cordell, Linda S. and Maxine E. McBrinn 2012 ''Archaeology of the Southwest'', 3rd edition. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek Other names sometimes used to define the region include "American Southwest", "Northern Mexico", "Chichimeca", and "Oasisamerica/Aridoamerica". This region has long been occupied by hunter-gatherers and agricultural people. Many contemporary cultural traditions exist within the Greater Southwest, including Yuman-speaking peoples inhabiting the Colorado River valley, the uplands, and Baja California, O'odham pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chihuahua Tradition
The Chihuahua (Southeastern) tradition (c. 6000 BC – c. AD 250) as a culture of south-central New Mexico and Chihuahua is still poorly defined. It probably includes several local adaptations that evolved over long periods of time. Irwin-Williams' hypothesis of four interacting Southwestern Archaic traditions, which differ from other traditions such as the Plains Archaic, is still provisional. See also * Cochise tradition * Archaic period in the Americas * Archaic stage * Pecos Classification * Southwestern United States The Southwestern United States, also known as the American Southwest or simply the Southwest, is a geographic and cultural region of the United States that generally includes Arizona, New Mexico, and adjacent portions of California, Colorado, N ... Bibliography * Cordell, Linda S. (1984). ''Prehistory of the Southwest''. New York: Academic Press. * Fagan, Brian M. (2000). ''Ancient North America: The archaeology of a continent'' (3rd ed.). New York: Tham ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colorado River
The Colorado River ( es, Río Colorado) is one of the principal rivers (along with the Rio Grande) in the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The river drains an expansive, arid watershed that encompasses parts of seven U.S. states and two Mexican states. The name Colorado derives from the Spanish language for "colored reddish" due to its heavy silt load. Starting in the central Rocky Mountains of Colorado, it flows generally southwest across the Colorado Plateau and through the Grand Canyon before reaching Lake Mead on the Arizona–Nevada border, where it turns south toward the international border. After entering Mexico, the Colorado approaches the mostly dry Colorado River Delta at the tip of the Gulf of California between Baja California and Sonora. Known for its dramatic canyons, whitewater rapids, and eleven U.S. National Parks, the Colorado River and its tributaries are a vital source of water for 40 million people. An extensive system of dams, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiliwa People
The Kiliwa ( Kiliwa: Ko’leeu) are an indigenous people of Mexico living in northern Baja California. Historically they occupied a territory lying between the Cochimí on the south and the Paipai on the north, and extending from San Felipe on the Gulf of California to San Quintín on the Pacific coast. Their traditional language is the Kiliwa language. The Nyakipa have sometimes been distinguished from the Kiliwa as a separate ethnolinguistic group within the southwestern portion of what is here considered Kiliwa territory. The limited linguistic evidence that is available for the Nyakipa indicates that they spoke the same language as the eastern Kiliwa. Prehistory Little archaeological research has as yet been done within Kiliwa territory. A partial exception is a sampling program of systematic survey along the west coast between El Rosario and San Quintín by Jerry D. Moore. Radiocarbon dates and Clovis points from farther south on the peninsula suggest that the initia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cocopa
The Cocopah (Cocopah: Xawitt Kwñchawaay) are Native Americans who live in Baja California, Mexico, and Arizona, United States. In the United States, Cocopah people belong to the federally recognized Cocopah Tribe of Arizona. Name The Cocopah are also called the Cucapá (in Cocopa: Kwapa or Kwii Capáy. This translates as "Cloud People," referring to the fog along the Colorado River). Language The Cocopah language belongs to the Delta–California branch of the Yuman family. The Spanish term for Cocopah is ''Cucapá''. Their self-designation is Xawiƚƚ kwñchawaay, translating to “Those Who Live on the Cloudy River” (from ''Xawíƚƚy'' - "river", ''kwii'' - "cloud", ''(ny)way'' - "to live", ''llyay/nyaam'' - "many"). According to the US Census, there were 1,009 Cocopah in 2010. History Precontact Ancestors of the Cocopah inhabited parts of present-day Arizona, California, and Baja California and are known by western academics as belonging to the Patayan cul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tipai-Ipai
The Kumeyaay, also known as Tipai-Ipai or by their historical Spanish name Diegueño, is a tribe of Indigenous peoples of the Americas who live at the northern border of Baja California in Mexico and the southern border of California in the United States. Their Kumeyaay language belongs to the Yuman–Cochimí language family. The Kumeyaay consist of three related groups, the Ipai, Tipai and Kamia. The San Diego River loosely divided the Ipai and the Tipai historical homelands, while the Kamia lived in the eastern desert areas. The Ipai lived to the north, from Escondido to Lake Henshaw, while the Tipai lived to the south, in lands including the Laguna Mountains, Ensenada, and Tecate. The Kamia lived to the east in an area that included Mexicali and bordered the Salton Sea. Name The Kumeyaay or Tipai-Ipai were formerly known as the Kamia or Diegueños, the former Spanish name applied to the Mission Indians living along the San Diego River. They are referred to as the Kumiai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
