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Anglo-French Conference On Time-keeping At Sea
{{unreferenced, date=June 2016 The Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea was a conference held in London in June 1917. History The Conference established the nautical date line and adopted an ideal form of the terrestrial time zone system for use at sea. It recommended that time changes required by changes of longitude be made in one-hour steps. This recommendation was adopted between 1920 and 1925 by all major fleets, including United Kingdom, British, France, French and United States, American. The rules applied to almost all naval ships and to many non-naval ships. Nevertheless, up to the Second World War, the old practice of keeping local apparent time prevailed on many independent merchant ships. Current usage The nautical date line is implied but not explicitly drawn on time zone maps. It follows the 180th meridian, 180° meridian except where it is interrupted by territorial waters adjacent to land, forming gaps: it is a pole-to-pole dashed line. Ships are required ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Roman Empire, Romans as ''Londinium'' and retains its medieval boundaries.See also: Independent city#National capitals, Independent city § National capitals The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national Government of the United Kingdom, government and Parliament of the United Kingdom, parliament. Since the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the Counties of England, counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which largely comprises Greater London ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard Time
Standard time is the synchronisation of clocks within a geographical region to a single time standard, rather than a local mean time standard. Generally, standard time agrees with the local mean time at some meridian that passes through the region, often near the centre of the region. Historically, standard time was established during the 19th century to aid weather forecasting and train travel. Applied globally in the 20th century, the geographical regions became time zones. The standard time in each time zone has come to be defined as an offset from Universal Time. A further offset is applied for part of the year in regions with daylight saving time. The adoption of standard time, because of the inseparable correspondence between time and longitude, solidified the concept of halving the globe into an eastern and western hemisphere, with one prime meridian replacing the various prime meridians that had previously been used. History of standard time During the 19th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1917 In France
This is a list of events from 1917 in France. Incumbents *President: Raymond Poincaré * President of the Council of Ministers: ** until 20 March: Aristide Briand ** 20 March-12 September: Alexandre Ribot ** 12 September-16 November: Paul Painlevé ** starting 16 November: Georges Clemenceau Events * 13 February – Dutch dancer Mata Hari is arrested in Paris for spying for Germany. * 9 April – Battle of Arras, a British Empire offensive, begins. * 16 April – Second Battle of the Aisne begins, the main action of the French Nivelle Offensive. * 26 April – The Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, between France, Italy and the United Kingdom, to settle interests in the Middle East, is signed. * 29 April – Architect of the Second Battle of the Aisne and French Commander-in-Chief, General Robert Nivelle, is dismissed and replaced on 15 May by Philippe Pétain. * 3 May – 1917 French Army mutinies begin when the French 2nd Division refuses to follow orders to attack. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1917 In The United Kingdom
Events from the year 1917 in the United Kingdom. The year was dominated by the First World War. Incumbents * Monarch – George V * Prime Minister – David Lloyd George ( Coalition) * Parliament – 30th Events * January – J. R. R. Tolkien, on medical leave from the British Army at Great Haywood, begins writing ''The Book of Lost Tales'' (the first version of ''The Silmarillion''), starting with the " Fall of Gondolin"; thus Tolkien's mythopoeic Middle-earth legendarium is first chronicled in prose. * 19 January – Silvertown explosion: a blast at a munitions factory in London kills 73 and injures over 400. The resulting fire causes over £2M-worth of damage. * 25 January – armed merchantman is sunk by mines off Lough Swilly with the loss of 354 of the 475 aboard. * 26 January – the sea defences at the village of Hallsands, Devon are breached, leading to all but one of the houses becoming uninhabitable. * 1 February – Atlantic U-boat Campaign (World War I): Germany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France–United Kingdom Relations
The historical ties between France and the United Kingdom, and the countries preceding them, are long and complex, including conquest, wars, and alliances at various points in history. The Roman era saw both areas largely conquered by Rome, whose fortifications largely remain in both countries to this day. The Norman conquest of England in 1066 decisively shaped English history, as well as the English language; English’s vocabulary is 45% derived from French, with the vast majority of large and complex words being of French origin and very similar in writing, but different in pronunciation and sometimes with a slightly different meaning. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the Early Modern Period, France and England were often bitter rivals, with both nations' monarchs claiming control over France and France routinely allying against England with their other rival Scotland until the Union of the Crowns. Some of the noteworthy conflicts include the Hundred Years' War and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meridians (geography)
Meridian or a meridian line (from Latin ''meridies'' via Old French ''meridiane'', meaning “midday”) may refer to Science * Meridian (astronomy), imaginary circle in a plane perpendicular to the planes of the celestial equator and horizon ** Central meridian (planets) * Meridian (geography), an imaginary arc on the Earth's surface from the North Pole to the South Pole ** Meridian arc, the distance between two points with the same longitude ** Prime meridian, origin of longitudes ** Principal meridian, arbitrary meridians used as references in land surveying * Meridian line, used with a gnomon to measure solar elevation and time of year * Autonomous sensory meridian response, a static-like or tingling sensation on the skin Places Cities and towns * Meridian, California (other), U.S., multiple California towns named Meridian * Meridian, Colorado, U.S. * Meridian, Florida, U.S. * Meridian, Georgia, U.S. * Meridian, Idaho, U.S. * Meridian, Mississippi, U.S. * Meri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marine Chronometer
A marine chronometer is a precision timepiece that is carried on a ship and employed in the determination of the ship's position by celestial navigation. It is used to determine longitude by comparing Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), or in the modern world its successor Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and the time at the current location found from observations of celestial bodies. When first developed in the 18th century, it was a major technical achievement, as accurate knowledge of the time over a long sea voyage was vital for effective navigation, lacking electronic or communications aids. The first true chronometer was the life work of one man, John Harrison, spanning 31 years of persistent experimentation and testing that revolutionized naval (and later aerial) navigation and enabling the Age of Discovery and Colonialism to accelerate. The term '' chronometer'' was coined from the Greek words '' χρόνος (chronos)'' (meaning time) and ''meter'' (meaning measure) in 1713 b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ekofisk
Ekofisk is an oil field in block 2/4 of the Norwegian sector of the North Sea about southwest of Stavanger. Discovered in 1969 by Phillips Petroleum Company, it remains one of the most important oil fields in the North Sea. This was the first discovery of oil after the drilling of over 200 exploration wells in the North Sea "triggered" by the Groningen gas field discovery. In 1971, Phillips started producing directly to tankers from four subsea wells. Oil production is planned to continue until at least 2050. The Greater Ekofisk Area consists of Cod, Ekofisk, West Ekofisk, Tor, Albuskjell, Eldfisk, Edda and Embla oil fields. The Ekofisk Center is a vast complex of platforms and structures creating a transportation hub also for surrounding fields such as Valhall, Hod, Gyda, Ula, Statfjord, Heimdal, Tommeliten and Gullfaks. The whole complex consists of 29 platforms. Produced oil is transported by the Norpipe oil pipeline to the Teesside Refinery in England. Natur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Territorial Waters
The term territorial waters is sometimes used informally to refer to any area of water over which a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potentially the extended continental shelf. In a narrower sense, the term is used as a synonym for the territorial sea. Baseline Normally, the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal state. This is either the low-water mark closest to the shore, or alternatively it may be an unlimited distance from permanently exposed land, provided that some portion of elevations exposed at low tide but covered at high tide (like mud flats) is within of permanently exposed land. Straight baselines can alternatively be defined connecting fringing islands along a coast, across the mouths of rivers, or with certain restrictions across the mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nautical Date Line
Nautical time is a maritime time standard established in the 1920s to allow ships on high seas to coordinate their local time with other ships, consistent with a long nautical tradition of accurate celestial navigation. Nautical time divides the globe into 24 nautical time zones with hourly clock offsets, spaced at 15 degrees by longitudinal coordinate, with no political deviation. Nautical time keeping dates back to the early 20th century as a standard way to keep time at sea, although it largely only applied to military fleets pre–World War 2. This time-keeping method is only used for radio communications and to account for slight inaccuracies that using Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) may lead to during navigation of the high seas. It is typically only used for trans-oceanic travel, as captains will often not change the timekeeping for short distances such as channels or inland seas. History of nautical time Establishment The establishment of nautical standard times, nautica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
180th Meridian
The 180th meridian or antimeridian is the meridian 180° both east and west of the prime meridian in a geographical coordinate system. The longitude at this line can be given as either east or west. On Earth, these two meridians form a great circle that divides the earth into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. The antimeridian mostly passes through the open waters of the Pacific Ocean, but also across land in Russia, Fiji, and Antarctica. An important function of this meridian is its use as the basis for the International Date Line, which snakes around national borders to maintain date consistency within the territories of Russia, the United States, Kiribati, Fiji and New Zealand. Starting at the North Pole of the Earth and heading south to the South Pole, the 180th meridian passes through: The meridian also passes between (but not particularly close to): *through the Aleutian Island chain of US territory *the Gilbert Islands and the Phoenix Islands of Kiriba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
