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Amalia Assur
Amalia Assur (June 8, 1803 – 1889) was the first female dentist in Sweden. Amalia Assur was born in Stockholm as the daughter of the Jewish dentist Joel Assur (1753–1837), the Dentist of the Royal Family, who has been referred to as one of the first educated dentists in Sweden, and Esther Moses Heilbuth. Her brother James Assur also became a dentist. Amalia Assur never married, and remained a '' mamsell''. She was educated in dentistry by her father and active as his assistant early on. As an assistant dentist, her position was an informal one, and Assur was eventually reported to the authorities for practicing without a license. In 1852, she was given special dispensation from the Royal Board of Health (''Kongl. Sundhetskollegiet'') to practice independently as a dentist. The permission was a personal dispensation, because the profession of dentistry was formally barred for women, and she was therefore a special exception rather than a pioneer for other women, as the profe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamsell
(from the French ) was a historical Swedish honorific used for unmarried women from about the mid 18th-century until 1866. The title was primarily used for women in the burgher and the clergy classes. The word was replaced after the middle of the 19th century by , which had previously been a title used only for unmarried noblewomen. History An earlier title for unmarried women in Sweden was . Previously, the title had also been reserved for noblewomen, but it began to also be used for people outside the nobility much earlier than . Until 1719, when the Swedish court system was reformed, unmarried noblewomen were called instead of . In the 18th century, became common, although unmarried noblewomen were called ('miss'). Similarly, the title ('Mrs') was used only for married noblewomen, and married middle-class women were called (from French ). After the parliamentary reform which abolished the Riksdag of the Estates in 1866, the title was allowed for all unmarried women, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Practicing Without A License
Practicing without a license is the act of working without the licensure offered for that occupation, in a particular jurisdiction.Springhouse Corporation. (2004) ''Nurse's legal handbook.'' Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Most activities that require licensure also have penalties for practicing without a valid, current license.Galaty, Fillmore W. et al. (2001) ''Modern Real Estate Practice in Illinois.'' Dearborn Trade Publishing, In some jurisdictions, a license is offered but not required for some professions."Practicing Your Profession In Oregon Without a License, Legally and Ethically" Oregon Unlicensed Practitioners, December 6, 2014 Types Professions where practicing without a license carry civil or criminal penalties include[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stockholm
Stockholm () is the capital and largest city of Sweden as well as the largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people live in the municipality, with 1.6 million in the urban area, and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea. Outside the city to the east, and along the coast, is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the county seat of Stockholm County. For several hundred years, Stockholm was the capital of Finland as well (), which then was a part of Sweden. The population of the municipality of Stockholm is expected to reach one million people in 2024. Stockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosalie Fougelberg
''Rosalie'' Ingeborg Karolina Fougelberg (29 December 1841 – 8 May 1911) is known as Sweden's first female dentist after the profession was opened to women. She was the daughter of the dentist of the Royal Court of Sweden, and her father's assistant. In 1861, the dentist profession was legally opened to women. Fougelberg tried twice to get her dentist's certificate; the second time, she was approved by the medical examiners but not by the dentistry representative. During her third try in 1866, the examination was supervised by the press. She was still turned down by the Collegium Medicum, but given a royal dispensation by the monarch, Charles XV of Sweden. She was thereby the first woman dentist since the profession was opened for women: Amalia Assur had been licensed before, but she was given a special permission, before the profession was officially opened to women. Fougelberg was the personal dentist of the Queen, Louise of the Netherlands from 1867 to 1871, and was later ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lovisa Åhrberg
Maria ''Lovisa'' Åhrberg or ''Årberg'' (17 May 1801 – 26 March 1881) was a Swedish surgeon and doctor. She was lawfully practicing surgeon long before it became formally permitted for women to study medicine at a university in 1870. Lovisa Åhrberg could be regarded as the first female physician in Sweden with formal permit from the authorities to practice medicine: however, she had no formal training, and the first woman physician with a university degree was to be Karolina Widerström. Biography Lovisa Åhrberg was born in Uppsala in Uppland as the daughter of Erik Årberg, a caretaker of the Uppsala University, and the cunning woman Britta Maria Upgren. Her grandmother had also reportedly been an active practitioner of "folk medicine" and nursing. In the early 19th-century, nurses were merely uneducated helpers to the doctors. During her childhood, Lovisa accompanied her mother to hospitals as well as visits to the houses of sick people. She was never formally a studen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century Swedish People
The 19th (nineteenth) century began on 1 January 1801 ( MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 ( MCM). The 19th century was the ninth century of the 2nd millennium. The 19th century was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanding beyond its British homeland for the first time during this century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Islamic gunpowder empires fell into decline and European imperialism brought much of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and almost all of Africa under colonial rule. It was also marked by the collapse of the large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1803 Births
Eighteen or 18 may refer to: * 18 (number), the natural number following 17 and preceding 19 * one of the years 18 BC, AD 18, 1918, 2018 Film, television and entertainment * ''18'' (film), a 1993 Taiwanese experimental film based on the short story ''God's Dice'' * ''Eighteen'' (film), a 2005 Canadian dramatic feature film * 18 (British Board of Film Classification), a film rating in the United Kingdom, also used in Ireland by the Irish Film Classification Office * 18 (''Dragon Ball''), a character in the ''Dragon Ball'' franchise * "Eighteen", a 2006 episode of the animated television series ''12 oz. Mouse'' Music Albums * ''18'' (Moby album), 2002 * ''18'' (Nana Kitade album), 2005 * '' 18...'', 2009 debut album by G.E.M. Songs * "18" (5 Seconds of Summer song), from their 2014 eponymous debut album * "18" (One Direction song), from their 2014 studio album ''Four'' * "18", by Anarbor from their 2013 studio album '' Burnout'' * "I'm Eighteen", by Alice Cooper commonly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women Dentists
A woman is an adult female human. Prior to adulthood, a female human is referred to as a girl (a female child or adolescent). The plural ''women'' is sometimes used in certain phrases such as "women's rights" to denote female humans regardless of age. Typically, women inherit a pair of X chromosomes, one from each parent, and are capable of pregnancy and giving birth from puberty until menopause. More generally, sex differentiation of the female fetus is governed by the lack of a present, or functioning, SRY-gene on either one of the respective sex chromosomes. Female anatomy is distinguished from male anatomy by the female reproductive system, which includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva. A fully developed woman generally has a wider pelvis, broader hips, and larger breasts than an adult man. Women have significantly less facial and other body hair, have a higher body fat composition, and are on average shorter and less muscular than men. Througho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Dentists
Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by the Swedish language * Swedish people or Swedes, persons with a Swedish ancestral or ethnic identity ** A national or citizen of Sweden, see demographics of Sweden ** Culture of Sweden * Swedish cuisine See also * * Swedish Church (other) * Swedish Institute (other) * Swedish invasion (other) * Swedish Open (other) Swedish Open is a tennis tournament. Swedish Open may also refer to: *Swedish Open (badminton) The Swedish Open is an open badminton Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Although it may ... {{disambig Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1889 Deaths
Events January–March * January 1 ** The total solar eclipse of January 1, 1889 is seen over parts of California and Nevada. ** Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka experiences a vision, leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in the Dakotas. * January 4 – An Act to Regulate Appointments in the Marine Hospital Service of the United States is signed by President Grover Cleveland. It establishes a Commissioned Corps of officers, as a predecessor to the modern-day U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps. * January 5 – Preston North End F.C. is declared the winner of the inaugural Football League in England. * January 8 – Herman Hollerith receives a patent for his electric tabulating machine in the United States. * January 15 – The Coca-Cola Company is originally incorporated as the Pemberton Medicine Company in Atlanta, Georgia. * January 22 – Columbia Phonograph is formed in Washington, D.C. * January 30 – Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Jews
The history of Jews in Sweden can be traced from the 17th century, when their presence is verified in the baptism records of the Stockholm Cathedral. Several Jewish families were baptised into the Lutheran Church, a requirement for permission to settle in Sweden. In 1681, for example, 28 members of the families of Israel Mandel and Moses Jacob were baptised in the Stockholm German Church in the presence of King Charles XI of Sweden, the dowager queen Hedvig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, and several other high state officials. King Charles XII (1697–1718) spent five years with an encampment in the Turkish town of Bender and accumulated a large number of debts there for his entourage. Jewish and Muslim creditors followed him to Sweden, and the Swedish law was altered so that they could hold religious services and circumcise their male children. Early history In 1680 the Jews of Stockholm petitioned the king that they be permitted to reside there without abandoning their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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