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Airworthy
In aviation, airworthiness is the measure of an aircraft's suitability for safe flight. Initial airworthiness is demonstrated by a certificate of airworthiness issued by the civil aviation authority in the state in which the aircraft is registered, and continuing airworthiness is achieved by performing the required maintenance actions. Certification is based on standards applied by civil aviation authorities. Interoperability is served when national benchmarks adopt standards from international civil and military organizations such as International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), NATO and European Defence Agency (EDA). In the U.S., Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, Subchapter F, Part 91.7 states: "a) No person may operate an aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition. b) The pilot in command of a civil aircraft is responsible for determining whether that aircraft is in condition for safe flight. The pilot in command shall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Certificate Of Airworthiness
A standard certificate of airworthiness is a permit for commercial passenger or cargo operation, issued for an aircraft by the civil aviation authority in the state/nation in which the aircraft is registered. For other aircraft such as crop-sprayers, a Special Airworthiness Certificate (not for commercial passenger or cargo operations) must be issued. Legal authority A certificate of airworthiness (CoA), or an airworthiness certificate, is issued for an aircraft by the civil aviation authority in the state in which the aircraft is registered. The CoA attests that the aircraft is airworthy insofar as the aircraft conforms to its type design. Each certificate is issued in one of a number of different categories when the aircraft is registered in the name of the owner. Thereafter, a yearly currency fee is payable to renew the CoA. If this fee is not paid when due, the certificate expires and the owner must apply again for the certificate. The CoA can only be issued when a maintenan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Aviation Administration
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the largest transportation agency of the U.S. government and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the country as well as over surrounding international waters. Its powers include air traffic management, certification of personnel and aircraft, setting standards for airports, and protection of U.S. assets during the launch or re-entry of commercial space vehicles. Powers over neighboring international waters were delegated to the FAA by authority of the International Civil Aviation Organization. Created in , the FAA replaced the former Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) and later became an agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation. Major functions The FAA's roles include: *Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation *Regulating air navigation facilities' geometric and flight inspection standards *Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology *Issuing, suspending, or revoki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chicago Convention On International Civil Aviation
The Convention on International Civil Aviation, also known as the Chicago Convention, established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations charged with coordinating international air travel. The Convention establishes rules of airspace, aircraft registration and safety, security, and sustainability, and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel. The Convention also contains provisions pertaining to taxation. The document was signed on December 7, 1944, in Chicago by 52 signatory states. It received the requisite 26th ratification on March 5, 1947, and went into effect on April 4, 1947, the same date that ICAO came into being. In October of the same year, ICAO became a specialized agency of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The Convention has since been revised eight times (in 1959, 1963, 1969, 1975, 1980, 1997, 2000 and 2006). As of March 2019, the Chicago Convention had 193 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Certificate
A type certificate signifies the airworthiness of a particular category of aircraft, according to its manufacturing design (''type design''). It confirms that the aircraft of a new type intended for serial production, is in compliance with applicable airworthiness requirements established by the national air law. For up to three seats, primary category aircraft, certification costs around US$1m, US$25m for a general aviation aircraft and hundreds of millions of dollars for a commercial aircraft; certification delays can cost millions of dollars and can decide a program's profitability. Authority A type certificate (TC) is issued to signify the airworthiness of the approved design or "type" of an aircraft to be manufactured. The TC is issued by a regulatory authority, and once issued, the design cannot be changed unless at least part of the process for certification is repeated to cover the changes. The TC reflects a determination made by a regulatory authority that the type des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hull Loss
A hull loss is an aviation accident that catastrophically damages the aircraft beyond economical repair, resulting in a total loss. The term also applies to situations in which the aircraft is missing, the search for their wreckage is terminated or when the wreckage is logistically inaccessible. The metric of "Hull losses per 100,000 flight departures" has been used throughout the aviation industry to measure the relative risk of a given flight or aircraft. From 1959 to 2006, the first part of the mainstream jet aircraft era, 384 of 835 hull losses, or 46%, were nonfatal. Airlines typically have insurance to cover hull loss on a twelve-month basis. Before the September 11 attacks in 2001, the typical insured sum for a hull loss policy could reach $250 million. Constructive hull loss takes into account other incidental expenses beyond repair, such as salvage, logistical costs of repairing non- airworthy aircraft within the confines of the incident site, and recertifying the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyberworthiness
Cyberworthiness is an assessment of the resilience of a system from cyber attacks. It can be applied to a range of software and hardware elements (such as standalone software, code deployed on an internet site, the browser itself, military mission systems, commercial equipment, or IoT devices). See also * Airworthiness * Crashworthiness * Roadworthiness * Railworthiness * Seaworthiness * Spaceworthiness Spaceworthiness, or aerospaceworthiness, is a property, or ability of a spacecraft to perform to its design objectives and navigate successfully through both the space environment and the atmosphere as a part of a journey to or from space. As in ... References Information science Computing terminology {{info-science-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crashworthiness
Crashworthiness is the ability of a structure to protect its occupants during an impact. This is commonly tested when investigating the safety of aircraft and vehicles. Depending on the nature of the impact and the vehicle involved, different criteria are used to determine the crashworthiness of the structure. Crashworthiness may be assessed either prospectively, using computer models (e.g., LS-DYNA, PAM-CRASH, MSC Dytran, MADYMO) or experiments, or retrospectively by analyzing crash outcomes. Several criteria are used to assess crashworthiness prospectively, including the deformation patterns of the vehicle structure, the acceleration experienced by the vehicle during an impact, and the probability of injury predicted by human body models. Injury probability is defined using criteria, which are mechanical parameters (e.g., force, acceleration, or deformation) that correlate with injury risk. A common injury criterion is the head impact criterion (HIC). Crashworthiness is as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spaceworthiness
Spaceworthiness, or aerospaceworthiness, is a property, or ability of a spacecraft to perform to its design objectives and navigate successfully through both the space environment and the atmosphere as a part of a journey to or from space. As in airworthiness, the spaceworthiness of a spacecraft depends on at least three basic components: * design of the spacecraft, which covers activities of engineering evaluation, simulations, laboratory and prototype tests, and experimental flights; * production, which seeks to ensure that the spacecraft has been assembled in conformity with the design specification; * maintenance of the spacecraft, after production, before and during each flight mission. Spaceworthiness is typically maintained through a maintenance program and / or a system of analysis, diagnosis and management of health and reliability of the spacecraft. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railworthiness
Railworthiness South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA). (visited on April 03, 2011) is the property or ability of a , , , or any kind of [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roadworthiness
Roadworthiness or streetworthiness is a property or ability of a car, bus, truck or any kind of automobile to be in a suitable operating condition or meeting acceptable standards for safe driving and transport of people, baggage or cargo in roads or streets, being therefore street-legal. Certificate of Roadworthiness A Certificate of Roadworthiness (also known as a ‘roadworthy’ or ‘RWC’) attests that a vehicle is safe enough to be used on public roads. A roadworthy is required in the selling of a vehicle in some countries. It may also be required when the vehicle is re-registered, and to clear some problematic notices. Roadworthy inspection Roadworthy inspection is designed to check the vehicle to make sure that its important auto parts are in a good (not top) condition that is enough for safe road use. It includes: * wheels and tires * mirrors * steering, suspensions and braking systems * seats and seatbelts * lights and reflectors * windscreen, and windows including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seaworthiness
Seakeeping ability or seaworthiness is a measure of how well-suited a watercraft is to conditions when underway. A ship or boat which has good seakeeping ability is said to be very seaworthy and is able to operate effectively even in high sea states. Measure In 1976, St. Denis suggested four principal terms needed to describe a seakeeping performance. These are: *Mission: what the ship is intended to accomplish. The role of the ship while at sea. *Environment: the conditions under which the ship is operating. This can be described as sea state, wind speed, geographic region or some combination thereof. *Ship responses: the response of the ship to the environmental conditions. The responses are a function of the environment and the vessel characteristics. *Seakeeping performance criteria: the established limits for the ship's responses. These are based on the ship motions and the accelerations experienced, and include comfort criteria such as noise, vibration and sea sickness, perf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canadian Aviation Regulations
The Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) are the rules that govern civil aviation in Canada. Establishment The CARs became law on October 10, 1996, replacing the former Air Regulations and Air Navigation Orders. The authority for the establishment of the CARs is the Aeronautics Act. Both the Act and the CARs are the responsibility of the Minister of Transport and his department, Transport Canada. Organization The CARs are divided into ten functional "parts": * Part I - General Provisions * Part II - Aircraft Identification and Registration and Operation of a Leased Aircraft by a Non-registered Owner * Part III - Aerodromes, Airports and Heliports * Part IV - Personnel Licensing and Training * Part V - Airworthiness * Part VI - General Operating and Flight Rules * Part VII - Commercial Air Services * Part VIII - Air Navigation Services * Part IX - Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems * Part X - Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Aviation - CORSIA The CARs consist of regula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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