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Abyssocottidae
The Abyssocottinae are a subfamily of ray-finned fishes in the family Sculpin, Cottidae, the sculpins. They are known commonly as the deep-water sculpins.Froese, R. and D. Pauly. (Eds.Abyssocottidae.FishBase. 2011. The entire family is endemism, endemic to Lake Baikal in Siberia.Hunt, D. M., et al. (1997)Molecular evolution of the cottoid fish endemic to Lake Baikal deduced from nuclear DNA evidence.''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 8(3), 415–22. Sculpins of this subfamily mostly live in deep water, below . There are 24 known species in seven genera. These include, for instance, ''Abyssocottus korotneffi'' and ''Cottinella boulengeri'' which are among the deepest-living freshwater fish. Baikal is the deepest lake on Earth () and sculpins occupy even its greatest depths. Evolution and systematics Molecular studies based on mitochondrial DNA suggest that the Abyssocottinae along with other Lake Baikal cottoid fishes, now attributed to the likewise endemic Cottocomephor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abyssocottidae
The Abyssocottinae are a subfamily of ray-finned fishes in the family Sculpin, Cottidae, the sculpins. They are known commonly as the deep-water sculpins.Froese, R. and D. Pauly. (Eds.Abyssocottidae.FishBase. 2011. The entire family is endemism, endemic to Lake Baikal in Siberia.Hunt, D. M., et al. (1997)Molecular evolution of the cottoid fish endemic to Lake Baikal deduced from nuclear DNA evidence.''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 8(3), 415–22. Sculpins of this subfamily mostly live in deep water, below . There are 24 known species in seven genera. These include, for instance, ''Abyssocottus korotneffi'' and ''Cottinella boulengeri'' which are among the deepest-living freshwater fish. Baikal is the deepest lake on Earth () and sculpins occupy even its greatest depths. Evolution and systematics Molecular studies based on mitochondrial DNA suggest that the Abyssocottinae along with other Lake Baikal cottoid fishes, now attributed to the likewise endemic Cottocomephor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comephorinae
''Comephorus'', known as the golomyankas or Baikal oilfish, are a genus comprising two species of peculiar, sculpin fishes endemic to Lake Baikal in Russia. ''Comephorus'' is the only genus in the family Comephoridae. Golomyankas are pelagic fishes which make the main food source of the Baikal seal. Description ''Comephorus'' have translucent bodies with no scales,Animals and plants of Lake Baikal from Irkutsk State University, accessed May 5, 2006 but appear dull when dead. The big Baikal oilfish (''C. baikalensis'') can reach up to in length and the little Baikal oilfish (''C. dybowskii'') up to . Males are smaller than females, only reaching about the length. They have long |
Lake Baikal
Lake Baikal (, russian: Oзеро Байкал, Ozero Baykal ); mn, Байгал нуур, Baigal nuur) is a rift lake in Russia. It is situated in southern Siberia, between the federal subjects of Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Republic of Buryatia to the southeast. With of water, Lake Baikal is the world's largest freshwater lake by volume, containing 22–23% of the world's fresh surface water, more than all of the North American Great Lakes combined. It is also the world's deepest lake, with a maximum depth of , and the world's oldest lake, at 25–30 million years. At —slightly larger than Belgium—Lake Baikal is the world's seventh-largest lake by surface area. It is among the world's clearest lakes. Lake Baikal is home to thousands of species of plants and animals, many of them endemic to the region. It is also home to Buryat tribes, who raise goats, camels, cattle, sheep, and horses on the eastern side of the lake, where the mean tempera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lev Berg
Lev Semyonovich Berg, also known as Leo S. Berg (russian: Лев Семёнович Берг; 14 March 1876 – 24 December 1950) was a leading Russian geographer, biologist and ichthyologist who served as President of the Soviet Geographical Society between 1940 and 1950. He is known for his own evolutionary theory, nomogenesis (a form of orthogenesis incorporating mutationism) as opposed to the theories of Darwin and Lamarck. Life Lev Berg was born in Bessarabia in a Jewish family, the son of Simon Gregoryevich Berg, a notary, and Klara Lvovna Bernstein-Kogan. He graduated from the Second Kishinev Gymnasium in 1894. Like some of his relatives, Berg converted to Christianity in order to pursue his studies at Moscow State University. At Moscow University, Berg studied hydrobiology and geography. He later studied ichthyology and in 1928 was awarded he was also a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Lev Berg graduated from the Moscow State University in 1898. Betwee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is only a small portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA can be found in the cell nucleus and, in plants and algae, also in plastids such as chloroplasts. Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. This sequencing revealed that the human mtDNA includes 16,569 base pairs and encodes 13 proteins. Since animal mtDNA evolves faster than nuclear genetic markers, it represents a mainstay of phylogenetics and evolutionary biology. It also permits an examination of the relatedness of populations, and so has become important in anthropology and biogeography. Origin Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA are thought to be of separate evolutionary origin, with the mtDNA being derive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics And Evolution
''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of evolutionary biology and phylogenetics. The journal is edited by E.A. Zimmer. Indexing The journal is indexed in: * EMBiology *Journal Citation Reports *Scopus Scopus is Elsevier's abstract and citation database launched in 2004. Scopus covers nearly 36,377 titles (22,794 active titles and 13,583 inactive titles) from approximately 11,678 publishers, of which 34,346 are peer-reviewed journals in top- ... * Web of Science External links * Elsevier academic journals Evolutionary biology journals Phylogenetics Molecular biology Publications established in 1992 Monthly journals {{biology-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batrachocottus
''Batrachocottus'' is a genus of freshawater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are endemic to the Lake Baikal watershed in Russia. Taxonomy ''Batrachocottus'' was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1903 by the Russian ichthyologist Lev Berg with ''Cottus baicalensis'' as its type species. This genus was not mentioned by the 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' and has been placed in the family Cottidae by some authorities. and in the subfamily Abyssocottinae by others. However, other authorities have used phylogenetic studies which have found that Baikal sculpins that were classified in the subfamilies Comephorinae and Abyssocottinae by ''Fishes of the World'' radiated from an ancestor which was likely to be within the genus '' Cottus'' and that the classification of the Baikal sculpins in a different taxon from ''Cottus'' was paraphyletic In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cottidae
The Cottidae are a family of fish in the superfamily Cottoidea, the sculpins. It is the largest sculpin family, with about 275 species in 70 genera.Kane, E. A. and T. E. Higham. (2012)Life in the flow lane: differences in pectoral fin morphology suggest transitions in station-holding demand across species of marine sculpin.''Zoology'' (Jena) 115(4), 223-32. They are referred to simply as cottids to avoid confusion with sculpins of other families. Cottids are distributed worldwide, especially in boreal and colder temperate climates. The center of diversity is the northern Pacific Ocean. Species occupy many types of aquatic habitats, including marine and fresh waters, and deep and shallow zones. A large number occur in near-shore marine habitat types, such as kelp forests and shallow reefs. They can be found in estuaries and in bodies of fresh water. Most cottids are small fish, under in length. The species ''Scorpaenichthys marmoratus'' can be up to in length.Froese, R. and D. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cottus (fish)
''Cottus'' is a genus of the mainly freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. They are often referred to as the "freshwater sculpins", as they are the principal genus of sculpins to be found in fresh water. They are native to the Palearctic and Nearctic. They are small fish, mostly less than in length, although a few species can reach twice that size. Taxonomy ''Cottus'' was first proposed as a genus by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of the ''Systema Naturae'' when he described the European bullhead (''Cottus gobio'') and in 1850 this species was designated as the type species of the genus by the French ichthyologist Charles Frédéric Girard. The 5th edition of the ''Fishes of the World'' classifies this genus within the subfamily Cottinae of the family Cottidae. Other authorities have found that the Cottidae, as delimited in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World, is paraphyletic and that the monophyletic grouping is the freshwater ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Flock
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each other, further blurring any distinctions. Terms that are sometimes used synonymously but have more precise meanings are cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two (or more) species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for a group of closely related species that live in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks, species group, species aggregate, macrospecies, and superspecies are also in use. Two or more taxa that were once considered conspecific (of the same species) may later be subdivided into infraspecific taxa (taxa within a species, such as bacterial strains or plant varieties), that is complex but it is not a species complex. A species complex is in most c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pliocene
The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58See the 2014 version of the ICS geologic time scale million years ago. It is the second and most recent epoch of the Neogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Pliocene follows the Epoch and is followed by the Epoch. Prior to the 2009 revision of the geologic time sca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adaptive Radiation
In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, alters biotic interactions or opens new environmental niches. Starting with a single ancestor, this process results in the speciation and phenotypic adaptation of an array of species exhibiting different morphological and physiological traits. The prototypical example of adaptive radiation is finch speciation on the Galapagos ("Darwin's finches"), but examples are known from around the world. Characteristics Four features can be used to identify an adaptive radiation: #A common ancestry of component species: specifically a ''recent'' ancestry. Note that this is not the same as a monophyly in which ''all'' descendants of a common ancestor are included. #A phenotype-environment correlation: a ''significant'' association between environments and the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
