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ALA-LC
ALA-LC (American Library Association - Library of Congress) is a set of standards for romanization, the representation of text in other writing systems using the Latin script. Applications The system is used to represent bibliographic information by North American libraries and the British Library (for acquisitions since 1975)Searching for Cyrillic items in the catalogues of the British Library: guidelines and transliteration tables and in publications throughout the English-speaking world. The Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules require catalogers to romanize access points from their non-Roman originals. However, as the MARC standards have been expanded to allow records containing Unicode characters, many cataloguers now include bibl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] |
Romanization
Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of language, meaning that it is a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise study of language. Linguistics encompasses the analysis of every aspect of language, as well as the methods for studying ..., is the conversion of text from a different writing system A writing system is a method of visually representing verbal communication Communication (from Latin ''communicare'', meaning "to share" or "to be in relation with") is "an apparent answer to the painful divisions between self and other, p ... to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script Script may refer to: Writing systems * Script, a distinctive writing system, based on a repertoire of specific elements or symbols, or that repertoire * Script (styles of ha ..., for representing written ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] |
Romanization Of Ukrainian
The romanization of Ukrainian (or sometimes Latinization) is the representation of the Ukrainian language using Latin alphabet, Latin letters. Ukrainian is natively written in its own Ukrainian alphabet, which is based on the Cyrillic script. Romanization may be employed to represent Ukrainian text or pronunciation for non-Ukrainian readers, on computer systems that cannot reproduce Cyrillic characters, or for typists who are not familiar with the Ukrainian keyboard layout. Methods of romanization include transliteration, representing written text, and transcription (linguistics), transcription, representing the spoken word. In contrast to romanization, there have been several historical proposals for a native Ukrainian Latin alphabet, usually based on those used by West Slavic languages, but none have caught on. Romanization systems Transliteration Transliteration is the letter-for-letter representation of text using another writing system. Rudnyckyj classified transliteration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] |
Romanization Of Arabic
The romanization of Arabic refers to the standard norms for rendering Modern Standard Arabic, written and varieties of Arabic, spoken Arabic language, Arabic in the Latin script in one of various systematic ways. Romanized Arabic is used for a number of different purposes, among them transcription of names and titles, cataloging Arabic language works, language education when used instead of or alongside the Arabic script, and representation of the language in scientific publications by Linguistics, linguists. These formal systems, which often make use of diacritics and non-standard Latin characters and are used in academic settings or for the benefit of non-speakers, contrast with informal means of written communication used by speakers such as the Latin-based Arabic chat alphabet. Different systems and strategies have been developed to address the inherent problems of rendering various Arabic varieties in the Latin script. Examples of such problems are the symbols for Arabic phon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] |
ALA-LC Romanization For Russian
The American Library Association and Library of Congress Romanization Tables for Russian, or the Library of Congress system, are a set of rules for the romanization Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of language, meaning that it is a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise study of language. Linguistics encompasses the analysis of every aspec ... of Russian-language Russian (, tr. ''russkiy yazyk'') is an East Slavic language native to the Russians in Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is the region of the European continent between Western Europe and Asia. There is no consistent definition of the precise ar ... text from Cyrillic script The Cyrillic script ( ) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia and is used as the national script in various Slavic languages, Slavic, Turkic languages, Turkic, Mongolic languages, Mongolic, Uralic languages, Uralic, Caucas ... to Latin script Latin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] |
Romanization Of Persian
Romanization of Persian or Latinization of Persian ( fa, لاتیننویسی فارسی, Lātinnevisiye fārsi, ) is the representation of the Persian language Persian (), also known by its endonym An endonym (from Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece Greece ( el, Ελλάδα, , ), officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country located in Southeast Europ ... (Farsi Persian (), also known by its endonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, internal name A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category ..., Dari Dari (, , ), or Dari Persian (, ), is a political term used for the various dialects of the Persian language Persian (), also known by its endonym An endonym (from Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Gr ... and Tajik) with the Latin script Latin script, also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] |
ALA-LC Romanization
ALA-LC (American Library Association The American Library Association (ALA) is a nonprofit organization A nonprofit organization (NPO), also known as a non-business entity, not-for-profit organization, or nonprofit institution, is a legal entity organized and operated for a ... - Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LC) is the research library A library is a collection of materials, books or media that are easily accessible for use and not just for display purposes. It is responsible for housing updated information in order ...) is a set of standards for romanization Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of language, meaning that it is a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise study of language. Linguistics encompasses the analysis of every aspec ..., the representation of text in other writing system A writing system is a method of visually representing verbal communication ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] |
Romanization Of Khmer
The romanization of Khmer is a representation of the Khmer (Cambodian) language using letters of the Latin alphabet The Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet is the collection of letters originally used by the ancient Romans In historiography Historiography is the study of the methods of historian ( 484– 425 BC) was a Greek historian who lived .... This is most commonly done with Khmer proper noun A proper noun is a noun A noun () is a word In linguistics, a word of a spoken language can be defined as the smallest sequence of phonemes that can be uttered in isolation with semantic, objective or pragmatics, practical meaning (lingu ...s, such as names of people and geographical names, as in a gazetteer A gazetteer is a geographical Reference work, index or Directory (databases), directory used in conjunction with a map or atlas.Aurousseau, 61. It typically contains information concerning the geographical makeup, social statistics and physical f .... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] |
Romanization Of Armenian
There are various systems of romanization Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of language, meaning that it is a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise study of language. Linguistics encompasses the analysis of every aspec ... of the Armenian alphabet The Armenian alphabet ( hy, Հայոց գրեր, ' or , '; Eastern Armenian: ; Western Armenian: ) is an alphabet An alphabet is a standardized set of basic written symbols A symbol is a mark, sign, or word In linguistics, a word of a .... Transliteration systems Hübschmann-Meillet (1913) In linguistic literature on Classical Armenian, the commonly used transliteration Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script Script may refer to: Writing systems * Script, a distinctive writing system, based on a repertoire of specific elements or symbols, or that repertoire * Script (styles of h ... is that of Hübschmann-Meill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] |
Romanization Of Bulgarian
Romanization of Bulgarian is the practice of transliteration Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script Script may refer to: Writing systems * Script, a distinctive writing system, based on a repertoire of specific elements or symbols, or that repertoire * Script (styles of h ... of text in Bulgarian Bulgarian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Bulgaria * Bulgarians, a South Slavic ethnic group * Bulgarian language, a Slavic language * Bulgarian alphabet * A citizen of Bulgaria, see Demographics of Bulgaria * Bulg ... from its conventional Cyrillic , bg, кирилица , mk, кирилица , russian: кириллица , sr, ћирилица, uk, кирилиця , fam1 = Egyptian hieroglyphs Egyptian hieroglyphs () were the formal writing system A writing system is ... orthography into the Latin alphabet The Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet is the collection of letters originally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] |
Romanization Of Belarusian
Romanization or Latinization of Belarusian is any system for transliterating Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script to another that involves swapping Letter (alphabet), letters (thus ''wikt:trans-#Prefix, trans-'' + ''wikt:littera#Latin, liter-'') in predictable ways, such as Greek → , Cyr ... written Belarusian Belarusian may refer to: * Something of, or related to Belarus * Belarusians, people from Belarus, or of Belarusian descent * A citizen of Belarus, see Demographics of Belarus * Belarusian language * Belarusian culture * Belarusian cuisine * Byeloru ... from Cyrillic The Cyrillic script ( ) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia and is used as the national script in various Slavic languages, Slavic, Turkic languages, Turkic, Mongolic languages, Mongolic, Uralic languages, Uralic, Caucas ... to the Latin alphabet The Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet is the collection of letters originally used by the ancie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] |
Romanization Of Georgian
Romanization of Georgian is the process of transliterating Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script to another that involves swapping Letter (alphabet), letters (thus ''wikt:trans-#Prefix, trans-'' + ''wikt:littera#Latin, liter-'') in predictable ways, such as Greek → , Cyr ... the Georgian language Georgian (, , ) is the most widely-spoken of the Kartvelian languages The Kartvelian languages (; ka, ქართველური ენები, tr; also known as Iberian, South CaucasianBoeder (2002), p. 3 or Kartvelic) are a language f ... from the Georgian script Georgian may refer to: Common meanings * Anything related to, or originating from Georgia (country) Georgia (, ; ) is a country located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region, bounded to ... into the Latin script Latin script, also known as Roman script, is an alphabetic An alphabet is a standardized set of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] |
Devanagari Transliteration
Devanāgarī is an Indian Script (styles of handwriting), script used for many languages of India and Nepal, including Hindi, Marathi language, Marathi, Nepali language, Nepali and Sanskrit. There are several somewhat similar methods of transliteration from Devanāgarī to the Latin alphabet, Roman script (a process sometimes called romanisation), including the influential and lossless IAST notation. IAST The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is a subset of the ISO 15919 standard, used for the transliteration of Sanskrit, Prakrit and Pāḷi into Roman script with diacritics. IAST is a widely used standard. It uses diacritics to disambiguate phonetically similar but not identical Sanskrit glyphs. For example, dental and retroflex consonants are disambiguated with an underdot: dental द=d and retroflex ड=ḍ. An important feature of IAST is that it is losslessly reversible, i.e., IAST transliteration may be converted back to correct Devanāgarī or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] |
