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Authorship
An author is the writer of a book, article, play, mostly written work. A broader definition of the word "author" states: "''An author is "the person who originated or gave existence to anything" and whose authorship determines responsibility for what was created''." Typically, the first owner of a copyright is the person who created the work, i.e. the author. If more than one person created the work (i.e., multiple authors), then a case of joint authorship takes place. The copyright laws are have minor differences in various jurisdictions across the United States. The United States Copyright Office, for example, defines copyright as "a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U.S. Code) to authors of 'original works of authorship.'" Legal significance of authorship Holding the title of "author" over any "literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, rcertain other intellectual works" gives rights to this person, the owner of the copyright, especially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academic Authorship
Academic authorship of journal articles, books, and other original works is a means by which academics communicate the results of their scholarly work, establish priority for their discoveries, and build their reputation among their peers. Authorship is a primary basis that employers use to evaluate academic personnel for employment, promotion, and tenure. In academic publishing, authorship of a work is claimed by those making intellectual contributions to the completion of the research described in the work. In simple cases, a solitary scholar carries out a research project and writes the subsequent article or book. In many disciplines, however, collaboration is the norm and issues of authorship can be controversial. In these contexts, authorship can encompass activities other than writing the article; a researcher who comes up with an experimental design and analyzes the data may be considered an author, even if she or he had little role in composing the text describing th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joint Authorship
Joint authorship of a copyrightable work is when two or more persons contribute enough to the work to be the author of that work. In the case of joint authorship, the authors share the copyright in the work with each other. International conventions Article 7bis of the Berne Convention states the term of protection for works of joint authorship and extends the general terms of protection provided unde Article 7 to works of joint authorship, under the condition that the term of copyright protection must be measured from the death of the last surviving author. But the Berne Convention doesn’t define what works of joint authorship are, because various national legislations have a lot of variations while defining the same, and have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distributive Writing
Distributive writing is the collective authorship (or distributed authorship) of texts. This further requires both a definition of ''collective'' and ''texts'', where collective means a connected group of individuals and texts are inscribed symbols chained together to achieve a larger meaning than isolated symbols. This places emphasis on texts being represented as writings. This could be written words, iconic symbology (e.g., graffiti), computer programming languages ( C/ C++, Java, Perl, etc.), meta-level mark-up (HTML, XML, SVG, PostScript), and their derivative works. Also, not to be excluded are all the above in various languages. Further, to define texts, we must also have an interpreter for the texts. For computer programming languages, we have a compiler, for writings we have written words interpreted by our mental faculties, and for meta-level mark-up there are web browsers, printers to interpret postscript, and various software applications which turn textual representa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copyright Law
A copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work, usually for a limited time. The creative work may be in a literary, artistic, educational, or musical form. Copyright is intended to protect the original expression of an idea in the form of a creative work, but not the idea itself. A copyright is subject to limitations based on public interest considerations, such as the fair use doctrine in the United States. Some jurisdictions require "fixing" copyrighted works in a tangible form. It is often shared among multiple authors, each of whom holds a set of rights to use or license the work, and who are commonly referred to as rights holders. These rights frequently include reproduction, control over derivative works, distribution, public performance, and moral rights such as attribution. Copyrights can be granted by public law and are in that case considered "territorial ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghostwriter
A ghostwriter is hired to write literary or journalistic works, speeches, or other texts that are officially credited to another person as the author. Celebrities, executives, participants in timely news stories, and political leaders often hire ghostwriters to draft or edit autobiographies, memoirs, magazine articles, or other written material. Memoir ghostwriters often pride themselves in "disappearing" when impersonating others since such disappearance signals the quality of their craftsmanship. In music, ghostwriters are often used to write songs, lyrics, and instrumental pieces. Screenplay authors can also use ghostwriters to either edit or rewrite their scripts to improve them. Usually, there is a confidentiality clause in the contract between the ghostwriter and the credited author that obligates the former to remain anonymous. Sometimes the ghostwriter is acknowledged by the author or publisher for their writing services, euphemistically called a "researcher" or "r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Work For Hire
A work made for hire (work for hire or WFH), in copyright law in the United States, is a work that is subject to copyright and is created by employees as part of their job or some limited types of works for which all parties agree in writing to the WFH designation. ''Work for hire'' is a statutorily defined term () and so a work for hire is not created merely because parties to an agreement state that the work is a work for hire. It is an exception to the general rule that the person who actually creates a work is the legally-recognized author of that work. In the United States and certain other copyright jurisdictions, if a work is "made for hire," the employer, not the employee, is considered the legal author. In some countries, this is known as corporate authorship. The entity serving as an employer may be a corporation or other legal entity, an organization, or an individual. Author accreditation in the US Accreditation has no impact on work for hire in the US. The actual creat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lead Author
In academic publishing, the lead author or first author is the first named author of a publication such as a research article or audit. Academic authorship standards vary widely across disciplines. In many academic subjects, including the natural sciences, computer science and electrical engineering, the lead author of a research article is typically the person who carried out the research and wrote and edited the paper. The list of trailing co-authors reflects, typically, diminishing contributions to the work reported in the manuscript. Sometimes, journals require statements detailing each author's contributions to be included in each publication. In other disciplines (such as mathematics) however, authors are typically listed alphabetically rather than by contribution. The proportion of multi-author papers has increased in recent decades, reflecting increasingly complex multi-investigator research projects, as well as the " publish or perish" culture of academic performance e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Copyright Office
The United States Copyright Office (USCO), a part of the Library of Congress, is a United States government body that maintains records of copyright registration, including a copyright catalog. It is used by copyright title searchers who are attempting to clear a chain of title for copyrighted works. The head of the Copyright Office is the Register of Copyrights. Shira Perlmutter, who took office on October 26, 2020,and currently serves as Register. The Copyright Office is housed on the fourth floor of the James Madison Memorial Building of the Library of Congress, at 101 Independence Avenue SE, in Washington, DC. History The United States Constitution gives Congress the power to enact laws establishing a system of copyright in the United States. The first federal copyright law, called the Copyright Act of 1790, was enacted in May 1790 (with the first work being registered within two weeks). Originally, claims were recorded by Clerks of U.S. district courts. In 1870, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Novelists
Well-known authors of novels, listed by country: ''See also'': Lists of authors, List of poets, List of playwrights, List of short story authors Afghanistan *Aliyeh Ataei (born 1981) *Khaled Hosseini (born 1965) Albania * Dritero Agolli (1931–2017) *Ismail Kadare (born 1936) * Fatos Kongoli (born 1944) *Faik Konitza (1875–1942) * Migjeni (1911–1938) *Haki Stermilli (1895–1953) *Jakov Xoxa (1923–1979) Algeria * Marguerite Taos Amrouche (1913–1976) * Rachid Boudjedra (born 1941) *Albert Camus (1913–1960) * Mohammed Dib (1920–2003) * Tahar Djaout (1954–1993) * Assia Djebar (1936–2015) *Frantz Fanon (1925–1961), originally from Martinique * Mouloud Feraoun (1913–1962) * Mouloud Mammeri (1917–1989) * Rachid Mimouni (1945–1995) * Ahlam Mostaghanemi (born 1953) * Leïla Sebbar (born 1941) * Kateb Yacine (1929–1989) Roman Empire, Ancient Latin authors *Apuleius (c. 124–c. 170) *Petronius (c. 27–66) Angola * José Eduardo Agualusa (bor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lists Of Poets
This is an alphabetical list of internationally notable poets. A Ab–Ak *Aarudhra (1925–1968), Indian Telugu literature, Telugu poet, born Bhagavatula Sadasiva Sankara Sastry *Jonathan Aaron (born 1941), US poet *Chris Abani (born 1966), Nigerian poet *Henry Abbey (1842–1911), US poet *Eleanor Hallowell Abbott (1872–1958), US poet and fiction writer *Siôn Abel (fl. 18th c.), Welsh balladeer *Lascelles Abercrombie (1881–1938), English poet and literary critic *Arthur Talmage Abernethy (1872–1956), US journalist, minister, scholar; first North Carolina Poet Laureate *Sam Abrams (born 1935), US poet, editor and critic *Seth Abramson (born 1976), US poet *Kosta Abrašević (1879–1898), Serbian language, Serbian poet *Dannie Abse (1923–2014), Welsh poet in English *Kathy Acker (1947–1997), US experimental literature, experimental novelist, punk poet and playwright *Diane Ackerman (born 1948), US author, poet and naturalist *Duane Ackerson (1942–2020), US writer of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lists Of Writers
The following are lists of writers: Alphabetical indices A – B – C – D – E – F – G – H – I – J – K – L – M – N – O – P – Q – R – S – T – U – V – W – X – Y – Z Lists by genre Top of page Lists by language (non-English) Top of page Lists by ethnicity or nationality Top of page Lists of women writers and works Main list * Women writers: (A-L), (M-Z) By country Other lists of women writers Top of page Lists by publisher * List of Alfred A. Knopf authors * List of Minerva Press authors Top of page See also * Lists of books * List of literary awards External links * * "Poets & Writers Directory."''Poets & Writers'' "Authors A-Z."''The Guardian'' "Browse By Author."''Project Gutenberg Project Gutenberg (PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auteur
An auteur (; , 'author') is an artist with a distinctive approach, usually a film director whose filmmaking control is so unbounded but personal that the director is likened to the "author" of the film, which thus manifests the director's unique style or thematic focus. As an unnamed value, auteurism originated in French film criticism of the late 1940s, and derives from the critical approach of André Bazin and Alexandre Astruc, whereas American critic Andrew Sarris in 1962 called it auteur theory. Yet the concept first appeared in French in 1955 when director François Truffaut termed it ''policy of the authors'', and interpreted the films of some directors, like Alfred Hitchcock, as a body revealing recurring themes and preoccupations. American actor Jerry Lewis directed his own 1960 film '' The Bellboy'' via sweeping control, and was praised for "personal genius." By 1970, the New Hollywood era emerged with studios granting directors broad leeway. Pauline Kael argued, howe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
