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Astana-Baba
Astanababa (Russian: ) is a town in the Kerki District of the Lebap Province of Turkmenistan. It is about 12 km northwest of Kerki. Etymology Astana, in Farsi, means mausoleum. History The site was first studied by Russian orientalist Boris Litvinov in the fall of 1899. It was further studied by Galina Pugachenkova and Mikhail Masson. Sites Alamberdar Mausoleum Some historians believe the structure to have been commissioned by Mahmud of Ghazni in memory of his ally (and Samanid ruler) Isma'il Muntasir; others attribute Muntasir himself. A square structure, three of its walls have blind niches; the brickwork is intensely decorative — Paul Brummell noted it to be among the finest examples of 11th c. Turkmen architecture. That the mausoleum did not become a shrine indicates that no saint was buried; it might have been a person from the secular spheres or none at all. In Turkmen tradition, an eponymous commander of Ali Ali ibn Abi Talib (; ) was the fourth Rashi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kerki
Kerki is a city in and capital of Kerki District, Lebap Province, Turkmenistan. It was formerly known as Zamm and, between 1999 and 2017, as Atamyrat. Geography It is situated on a plain on the left bank of the Amu Darya river. Nearby towns and villages include Mukry (3.3 nm), Amydarýa (2.1 nm), Surhy (3.1 nm) and Kerkichi (2.2 nm). Climate Etymology According to Atanyyazow, the name Kerki is most likely of Persian origin, from ''ker'' ("fortress") and ''kuh'' ("mountain"), meaning "fortress on a mountain". However, Muqaddasī and de Goeje assert it is a Turkified pronunciation of the Persian name Karkuh (کرکوه), meaning "deaf mountain". The ancient name, Zamm, is of obscure origin. On 29 December 1999, by Parliamentary Resolution HM-60, the city and district of Kerki were renamed Atamyrat in honor of Atamyrat Nyýazow, father of Saparmurat Niyazov, who had worked in Kerki as a teacher before being killed in World War II. On 25 November 2017, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Language
Russian is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is the native language of the Russians. It was the ''de facto'' and ''de jure'' De facto#National languages, official language of the former Soviet Union.1977 Soviet Constitution, Constitution and Fundamental Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1977: Section II, Chapter 6, Article 36 Russian has remained an official language of the Russia, Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and is still commonly used as a lingua franca in Ukraine, Moldova, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and to a lesser extent in the Baltic states and Russian language in Israel, Israel. Russian has over 253 million total speakers worldwide. It is the List of languages by number of speakers in Europe, most spoken native language in Eur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kerki District
Kerki District (formerly Atamyrat District) (1999–2017) is a district of Lebap Province in Turkmenistan. The administrative center of the district is the town of Kerki. It is found in 1925. Between 29 December 1999 and 25 November 2017, the district was known as Atamyrat District. Administrative Subdivisions * Cities (şäherler) ** Kerki Kerki is a city in and capital of Kerki District, Lebap Province, Turkmenistan. It was formerly known as Zamm and, between 1999 and 2017, as Atamyrat. Geography It is situated on a plain on the left bank of the Amu Darya river. Nearby towns a ... * Towns (şäherçeler) ** Astanababa ** Başsaka (''inc.'' Könebaşsaka) * Village councils (geňeşlikler) ** Çekir (Çekir, Etbaşoba, Gabasakgal, Garaja, Güýç, Jeňňel) ** Daşlyk (Lebap, Daşlyk, Tokaýçylar, Ussalar) ** Guwak (Guwak, Güneşoba, Mukryoba, Mürzebeg) ** Gyzylaýak (Gyzylaýak, Bazarjaý, Parahat) ** Hatap (Hatap, Çömmeklihatap, Galaly, Galalyaryk, Jeňell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebap Province
Lebap Region () is one of the regions of Turkmenistan. It is in the northeast of the country, bordering Afghanistan, Uzbekistan along the Amu Darya. Its administrative centre is Türkmenabat (formerly named Çärjew). It has an area of 93,727 square kilometers, and a population of 1,447,298 people (2022 census).''Statistical Yearbook of Turkmenistan 2000-2004'', National Institute of State Statistics and Information of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, 2005. The name Lebap is a Turkmenized form of the Persian ''Lab-e āb'' (), which means "riverside" and has long been used to designate the middle reaches of the Amu Darya. It contains the Repetek Nature Reserve as well as the Köýtendag Nature Reserve, which includes Turkmenistan's highest mountain, Aýrybaba (3137 meters). Lebap is also home to the Dayahatyn caravansaray. The region is located along the Amu Darya. The Kyzylkum Desert is located on the east side of the river and Karakum Desert is located on the west side of the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city. It is one of the six independent Turkic states. With a population over 7 million, Turkmenistan is the 35th most-populous country in Asia and has the lowest population of the Central Asian republics while being one of the most sparsely populated nations on the Asian continent. Turkmenistan has long served as a thoroughfare for several empires and cultures. Merv is one of the oldest oasis-cities in Central Asia, and was once among the biggest cities in the world. It was also one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by the Russian Empire in 1881, Turkmenistan figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1925, Turkmenistan be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Litvinov
Boris Alekseyevich Litvinov (Russian: ''Бори́с Алексе́евич Литви́нов''; born January 13, 1954, in Toretsk) is a Ukrainian teacher, politician and separatist, and former speaker of the People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic from July 23 to November 18, 2014 Biography Early life Litvinov was born in Toretsk, and spent much of his childhood in Gorlovka. He joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1979. in 1980, Litvinov graduated from the , specializing as an orchestra soloist and instructor. From 1980 to 1986, he was a teacher and secretary for the Komsomol. In 1987, Litvinov graduated from the Donetsk Correspondence Mining College, specializing in the underground mining of coal deposits. Following this, from 1987 to 1991 he was the deputy director of the Donetsk National Technical University. In 1991, Litvinov graduated from the Faculty of Economics of the Donetsk branch of Moscow State University, specializing in managemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galina Pugachenkova
Galina Anatolyevna Pugachenkova (; 7 February 1915 – 18 February 2007) was a Soviet archaeologist and art historian, regarded as a founder of Uzbek archaeology and central to the progression of archaeology and art history under the Soviet regime. Her work has contributed greatly to the register of surviving buildings in Central Asia and in many cases was the first register of traditional surviving buildings. Pugachenkova directed a branch of the archaeological expedition of southern Turkmenistan from 1946 to 1961, and of the Uzbek historical-artistic expedition from 1959 to 1984. Education and career Pugachenkova published over 700 works in six languages, on the fine and applied art of antique and medieval central Asia. Her career began in 1937 when she graduated from the Central Asian Industrial Institute. This led to a long career studying the development of ancient Asia, including monuments such as exploring places such as Holchayon, Dalvarzintepa and Bactria. Pugachenkov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Masson
Mikhail Yevgenyevich Masson (; 3 December 1897 in Saint Petersburg – 2 October 1986) was a Soviet archaeologist. He was the founder of the archaeology school in Central Asia and a professor, doctor of historical and archaeological sciences and member of the Turkmen Academy of Sciences. Biography He was born on 3 December 1897, in Saint Petersburg. Mikhail Evgenyevich Masson lived with his mother in Samarkand almost from his birth. He studied at the Samarkand Men's Gymnasium. In 1908-1909, he participated in the excavations of the Ulugh Beg Observatory led by the archaeologist V. L. Vyatkin. On June 1, 1912, Vyatkin appointed Masson as the head of the excavation site. In 1916, Masson graduated from the Samarkand Gymnasium. In 1916, he began studying at the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute to become an irrigation engineer. After being called to military service, he fought on the Southwestern Front, where he was elected a member of the Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmud Of Ghazni
Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Sabuktigin (; 2 November 971 – 30 April 1030), usually known as Mahmud of Ghazni or Mahmud Ghaznavi (), was Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire, ruling from 998 to 1030. During his reign and in medieval sources, he is usually known by his laqab, honorific title Yamin al-Dawla (, ). At the time of his death, his kingdom had been transformed into an extensive military empire, which extended from northwestern Iran proper to the Punjab in the Indian subcontinent, Khwarazm in Transoxiana, and Makran. Highly Persianization, Persianized, Mahmud continued the bureaucratic, political, and cultural customs of his predecessors, the Samanids. He established the ground for a future Persianate society, Persianate state in Punjab, particularly centered on Lahore, a city he conquered. His capital of Ghazni evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual centre in the Islamic world, almost rivalling the important city of Baghdad. The capital appealed to many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isma'il Muntasir
Isma'il (surnamed Muntasir, "Victorious") (died January 1005)'' Tabaqat-i Nasiri'' by Minhaj-i-Siraj, pg. 107, Lahore Sangmil Publications 2004 was an individual who attempted to resurrect the Samanid state in Transoxiana and eastern Iran (1000–1005). He was the son of Nuh II. Biography The last two rulers of the Samanid state had been older brothers of Isma'il. Mansur II and 'Abd al-Malik II were both removed from power in 999; 'Abd al-Malik's fall from power had been precipitated by an invasion by the Karakhanids, who had captured Bukhara and put an end to the state. Some time after this, Isma'il fled from a Karakhanid prison to Khwarazm, where he gained support. Driving the Karakhanids out of Bukhara, he then moved on to and captured Samarkand. The approach of the Karakhanid army, however, forced Isma'il to give up all of his possessions, following which he travelled to Khurasan, which was controlled by the Ghaznavids under Mahmud of Ghazni's brother Nasr. Isma'il capt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarikh Yamini
The Tarikh i Yamini, or Kitab i Yamini, written in Arabic in an embellished, flowery rhetorical rhymed prose, is a history of the reigns of Sebuktigin and Mahmud. Written by the historian Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad al Jabbaru-l 'Utbi (or ''al-Utbi''). His work comprises the whole of the reign of Sebuktigin, and part of that of Mahmud, down to the year 410 Hijra (1020 AD). The Tarikh Yamini also contains information chronicling Sultan Mahmud's expeditions as well as the end of the Samanid Empire. Al-Utbi, being Mahmud's secretary, did not accompany the sultan, therefore his topography is deficient and his writing style consists of an explicit orthodox nature. He also states that he intentionally suppressed many events, unnatural or strange that he found skeptical that did not fit the objectives he had set down in the preface. Content The Tarikh Yamini starts in 965 CE, but the Samanids are not mentioned until Nuh ibn Mansur's reign in 976, while it goes into detail about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
