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Arabic-Hebrew Dictionary
The Arabic-Hebrew Dictionary ( ) is a Bilingual dictionary, translation dictionary of Arabic and Hebrew language, Hebrew compiled by David Neustadt (later David Ayalon) and (later Pessah Shinar) and published in Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hebrew University Magnes Press, Press Association in 1947. History According to Solomon Skoss, it was a supplement of a project entitled ''The basic word list of the Arabic daily newspaper'' elaborated by the same two authors as well as Moshe Brill and published by the Hebrew University Press in 1940''.'' This earlier project sought to identify the most frequently occurring words in Arabic newspapers for the purposes of assisting teachers and textbook writers for secondary schools and evening classes for the Yishuv, Jewish community in Palestine. The ''Arabic-Hebrew Dictionary'' covered, primarily, the most frequently used words in Arabic newspapers published in Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon, and Iraq, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Neustadt
David Ayalon (; born David Neustadt, 1914 – 25 June 1998) was an Israeli historian of Islam and the Middle East, specializing in the Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo), Mamluk dynasties of Egypt. Within Israel he was best known for the ''Arabic-Hebrew Dictionary'' he co-compiled with in 1947. Life Born David Neustadt in Haifa, he grew up in Zichron Ya'akov and Rosh Pinna. After completing secondary school in Haifa, Ayalon went in 1933 to study at the recently founded Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Despite service in the British Army during World War II, he gained his PhD in 1946 under the supervision of Leo Aryeh Mayer. In the late 1940s he changed his name to David Ayalon. Ayalon founded the department of modern Middle East studies there in 1949, and was its head until 1956. From 1963 to 1967 he led the Institute of Asian and African Studies at the Hebrew University. He contributed articles to the ''Encyclopaedia of Islam, Encyclopedia of Islam''. A notable work late in Ayalon's car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yishuv
The Yishuv (), HaYishuv Ha'ivri (), or HaYishuv HaYehudi Be'Eretz Yisra'el () was the community of Jews residing in Palestine prior to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The term came into use in the 1880s, when there were about 25,000 Jews living in that region, and continued to be used until 1948, by which time there were some 630,000 Jews there. The term is still in use to denote the pre-1948 Jewish residents in Palestine, corresponding to the southern part of Ottoman Syria until 1918, OETA South in 1917–1920, and Mandatory Palestine in 1920–1948. A distinction is sometimes drawn between the '' Old Yishuv'' and the '' New Yishuv''. The Old Yishuv refers to all the Jews living in Palestine before the first Zionist immigration wave (''aliyah'') of 1882, and to their descendants until 1948. The Old Yishuv residents were religious Jews, living mainly in Jerusalem, Safed, Tiberias, and Hebron. There were smaller communities in Jaffa, Haifa, Peki'in, Acre, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Language
Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as ( "the eloquent Arabic") or simply ' (). Arabic is the List of languages by the number of countries in which they are recognized as an official language, third most widespread official language after English and French, one of six official languages of the United Nations, and the Sacred language, liturgical language of Islam. Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities around the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1947 Works
It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country in the 20th century causes extensive disruption of travel. Given the low ratio of private vehicle ownership at the time, it is mainly remembered in terms of its effects on the railway network. * January 1 – The ''Canadian Citizenship Act, 1946, Canadian Citizenship Act'' comes into effect, providing a Canadian citizenship separate from British law. * January 4 – First issue of weekly magazine ''Der Spiegel'' published in Hanover, Germany, edited by Rudolf Augstein. * January 10 – The United Nations adopts a resolution to take control of the free city of Trieste. * January 15 – Elizabeth Short, an aspiring actress nicknamed the "Black Dahlia", is found brutally murdered in a vacant lot in Los Angeles; the mysterious case is never solv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Dictionary Of Modern Written Arabic
''A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'' (originally published in German as 'Arabic dictionary for the contemporary written language'), also published in English as ''The Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'', is a translation dictionary of modern written Arabic compiled by Hans Wehr. The original Arabic-German dictionary was first published in 1952, with additional materials published in the in 1959. The Arabic-English edition edited by J Milton Cowan, based on the German 1952 edition and the 1959 supplement with revisions and improvements, was published in 1961. The dictionary is based on attestations in written Arabic taken from modern literature, newspapers, and state documents. Its lexical entries are organized according to Arabic root. The work is compiled on descriptive principles: only words and expressions that are attested in context are included. "It was chiefly based on combing modern works of Arabic literature for lexical items, rather than culling them ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Wehr
Hans Bodo Wehr (; 5 July 190924 May 1981) was a German Arabist. He is best known for his work on '' A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'', originally published in German as in 1952. The system of transliteration used in the dictionary has become known as Hans Wehr transliteration. Life Wehr was born in Leipzig in 5 July 1909. He attended a gymnasium in Halle, and then studied at universities in Halle, Berlin, and Leipzig. He received his doctorate in 1935 and his habilitation in 1939. He joined the Nazi Party in 1940, and wrote an essay arguing that Germany should ally with the Arabs against Great Britain and France. He had begun work on an ArabicGerman dictionary, and the project received funding from the German government, which intended to use make use of the dictionary in translating ''Mein Kampf'' into Arabic. For a time, Wehr was assisted in his project by Hedwig Klein. His dictionary, entitled , was eventually published in 1952. An English version, edited by J Mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intercommunal Conflict In Mandatory Palestine
During the British rule in Mandatory Palestine, there was civil, political and armed struggle between Palestinian Arabs and the Jewish Yishuv, beginning from the violent spillover of the Franco-Syrian War in 1920 and until the onset of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The conflict shifted from sectarian clashes in the 1920s and early 1930s to an armed Arab Revolt against British rule in 1936, armed Jewish Revolt primarily against the British in mid-1940s and finally open war in November 1947 between Arabs and Jews. Background Zionist movement during Ottoman period Zionist leaders and advocates followed conditions in the land of Israel closely and travelled there regularly. In their correspondence early Zionist negotiators did not discuss the future of the land's Arab inhabitants, who numbered just under half a million during the late 19th century. According to Anita Shapira, among 19th and early 20th century Zionists: Early Zionists viewed the Arab residents of Palestine as p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modern Arabic Literature
The instance that marked the shift in Arabic literature towards modern Arabic literature can be attributed to the contact between Arab world and the West during the 19th and early 20th century. This contact resulted in the gradual replacement of Classical Arabic forms with Western ones. Genres like plays, novels, and short stories were coming to the fore. Although the exact date in which this reformation in literary production occurred is unknown, the rise of modern Arabic literature was "inseparable" from the Nahda, also referred to as the Arab Renaissance. Aleppine writer Qustaki al-Himsi (1858–1941) is credited with having founded modern Arabic literary criticism, with one of his works, ''The researcher's source in the science of criticism''. Context The development that Arabic Literature witnessed by the end of the 19th century was not merely in the form of reformation; for both maronite Germanos Farhat (died 1732) and al-Allusi in Iraq had previously attempted to inflict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerusalem
Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, and is considered Holy city, holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Both Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital city; Israel maintains its primary governmental institutions there, while Palestine ultimately foresees it as its seat of power. Neither claim is widely Status of Jerusalem, recognized internationally. Throughout History of Jerusalem, its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed at least twice, Siege of Jerusalem (other), besieged 23 times, captured and recaptured 44 times, and attacked 52 times. According to Eric H. Cline's tally in Jerusalem Besieged. The part of Jerusalem called the City of David (historic), City of David shows first signs of settlement in the 4th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandatory Palestine
Mandatory Palestine was a British Empire, British geopolitical entity that existed between 1920 and 1948 in the Palestine (region), region of Palestine, and after 1922, under the terms of the League of Nations's Mandate for Palestine. After an Arab Revolt, Arab uprising against the Ottoman Empire during the First World War in 1916, British Empire, British Egyptian Expeditionary Force, forces drove Ottoman Empire, Ottoman forces out of the Levant. The United Kingdom had agreed in the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence that it would honour Arab independence in case of a revolt but, in the end, the United Kingdom and French Third Republic, France divided what had been Ottoman Syria under the Sykes–Picot Agreement—an act of betrayal in the eyes of the Arabs. Another issue was the Balfour Declaration of 1917, in which Britain promised its support for the establishment of a Homeland for the Jewish people, Jewish "national home" in Palestine. Mandatory Palestine was then establishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebrew Language
Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and remained in regular use as a first language until after 200 CE and as the liturgical language of Judaism (since the Second Temple period) and Samaritanism. The language was revived as a spoken language in the 19th century, and is the only successful large-scale example of linguistic revival. It is the only Canaanite language, as well as one of only two Northwest Semitic languages, with the other being Aramaic, still spoken today. The earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date back to the 10th century BCE. Nearly all of the Hebrew Bible is written in Biblical Hebrew, with much of its present form in the dialect that scholars believe flourished around the 6th century BCE, during the time of the Babylonian captivity. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebrew University Of Jerusalem
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI; ) is an Israeli public university, public research university based in Jerusalem. Co-founded by Albert Einstein and Chaim Weizmann in July 1918, the public university officially opened on 1 April 1925. It is the second-oldest Israeli university, having been founded 30 years before the Israeli Declaration of Independence, establishment of the State of Israel but six years after the older Technion university. The HUJI has three campuses in Jerusalem: one in Rehovot, one in Rishon LeZion and one in Eilat. Until 2023, the world's largest library for Jewish studies—the National Library of Israel—was located on its Edmond Safra, Edmond J. Safra campus in the Givat Ram neighbourhood of Jerusalem. The university has five affiliated teaching hospitals (including the Hadassah Medical Center), seven faculties, more than 100 research centers, and 315 academic departments. , one-third of all the doctoral candidates in Israel were studying at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
