|
Aquila (bird)
''Aquila'' is the genus of true eagles. The genus name is Latin for "eagle", possibly derived from ''aquilus'', "dark in colour". It is often united with the sea eagles, buteos, and other more heavyset Accipitridae, but more recently they appear to be less distinct from the slenderer accipitrinae, accipitrine hawks than previously believed. Eagles are not a natural group but denote essentially any bird of prey large enough to hunt sizeable (about 50 cm long or more overall) vertebrate prey. Taxonomy and systematics The genus ''Aquila'' was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the golden eagle (''Aquila chrysaetos'') as the type species. ''Aquila'' belongs to a close-knit group of "typical" eagles including genera ''Hieraaetus'', ''Lophaetus'', ''Ictinaetus'' ''and Clanga (bird), Clanga.'' This group occurs as a clade within the larger group of "booted" eagles (tribe Aquilini or subfamily Aquilinae).Boyd, JohAccipitriformes, ''Taxonomy in Fl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Middle Miocene
The Middle Miocene is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch (geology), epoch made up of two Stage (stratigraphy), stages: the Langhian and Serravallian stages. The Middle Miocene is preceded by the Early Miocene. The sub-epoch lasted from 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) to 11.608 ± 0.005 Ma. During this period, a sharp drop in global temperatures took place. This event is known as the Middle Miocene disruption, Middle Miocene Climatic Transition. For the purpose of establishing European land mammal ages, this sub-epoch is equivalent to the Astaracian age. References External links GeoWhen Database - Middle Miocene Miocene, .02 Miocene geochronology, 02 Langhian, * Serravallian, * {{geochronology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Hieraaetus
The genus ''Hieraaetus'', sometimes known as small eagles or hawk-eagles, denotes a group of smallish eagles usually placed in the accipitrid subfamilies Buteoninae or Aquilinae. They are generally medium-sized birds of prey inhabiting Europe, Asia, Africa, New Guinea and Australia. However, a recently extinct species, the New Zealand Haast's eagle, was the largest eagle ever known, weighing up to , with a wingspan. Taxonomy and species The genus ''Hieraaetus'' was introduced in 1844 by the German naturalist Johann Jakob Kaup with the booted eagle as the type species. The name combines the Ancient Greek ''hierax'' meaning "hawk" with ''aetos'' meaning "eagle". Molecular genetic research has found ''Hieraaetus'' to be polyphyletic with '' Aquila''. '' Hieraaetus kienerii'' was found to be most distinct,proof a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Clanga (genus)
''Clanga'' is a genus which contains the spotted eagles. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''klangos'', "eagle". Taxonomy The genus ''Clanga'' was described in 1854 by the Polish naturalist Adam Ferdynand Adamowicz (1802-1881). The type species is ''Falco maculatus'' J. F. Gmelin, 1788, a synonym of ''Aquila clanga'' (the greater spotted eagle) that was described in 1811 by Peter Simon Pallas. '' Falco maculatus'' J. F. Gmelin is preoccupied by ''Falco maculatus'' Tunstall 1771 but under the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ''Falco maculatus'' is still considered to be the type species. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''klangos'' meaning "eagle". A molecular phylogenetic study of the Accipitridae published in 2024 found that the genus ''Clanga'' was sister A sister is a woman or a girl who shares parents or a parent with another individual; a female sibling. The male counterpart is a brother. Although the term typically refers to a f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Indian Spotted Eagle
The Indian spotted eagle (''Clanga hastata'') is a large bird of prey native to South Asia. Like all typical eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. The typical eagles are often united with the buteos, sea eagles and other more heavy-set Accipitridae, but more recently it appears as if they are less distinct from the more slender accipitrinae, accipitrine hawks. Description The Indian spotted eagle is about 60 cm in length and has a wingspan of 150 cm. It is broad-headed, with the widest mouth of all spotted eagles.Parry, S.J., Clark, W.S., Prakash, V. (2002) On the taxonomic status of the Indian Spotted Eagle ''Aquila hastata''. Ibis Volume 144 Issue 4: 665 - 675 This species is a lighter overall compared to its relatives, with a darker iris (eye), iris that makes the eyes appear darker than the plumage (rather than the other way around as in the two northern spotted eagle species). Adults can be told apart from the greater spotted eagle by its lighter colour, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Lesser Spotted Eagle
The lesser spotted eagle (''Clanga pomarina'') is a large Eastern European bird of prey. Like all typical eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. The typical eagles are often united with the buteos, sea eagles, and other more heavy-set Accipitridae, but more recently it appears as if they are less distinct from the more slender accipitrine hawks than believed. Description This is a medium-sized eagle, about in length and with a wingspan of . Its head and wing coverts are pale brown and contrast with the generally dark plumage. The head and bill are small for an eagle. Usually, a white patch occurs on the upper wings, and even adults retain a clearly marked white "V" on the rump; the wing markings are absent and the white "V" is not well-defined in the greater spotted eagle. The juvenile has less contrast in the wings, but the remiges bear prominent white spots. It differs from greater spotted eagle juveniles by a lack of wing covert spotting and the presence of a cre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Greater Spotted Eagle
The greater spotted eagle (''Clanga clanga''), also called the spotted eagle, is a large migratory bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It is a member of the subfamily Aquilinae, commonly known as "booted eagles".Helbig, A. J., Kocum, A., Seibold, I., & Braun, M. J. (2005). ''A multi-gene phylogeny of aquiline eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) reveals extensive paraphyly at the genus level''. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 35(1), 147-164. It was once classified as a member of the genus ''Aquila (bird), Aquila'', but has been reclassified to the distinct genus ''Clanga (bird), Clanga'', along with the two other species of spotted eagle.Helbig, A. J., Seibold, I., Kocum, A., Liebers, D., Irwin, J., Bergmanis, U., Meyburg, B.-U., Scheller, W., Stubbe, M. & Bensch, S. (2005). ''Genetic differentiation and hybridization between greater and lesser spotted eagles (Accipitriformes: Aquila clanga, A. pomarina)''. The Journal of Ornithology, 146(3), 226-234. During breeding sea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Wahlberg's Eagle
Wahlberg's eagle (''Hieraaetus wahlbergi'') is a bird of prey that is native to sub-Saharan Africa, where it is a seasonal migrant in the woodlands and savannas. It is named after the Swedish naturalist Johan August Wahlberg. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. Description It is cross-shaped in flight with straight-edged wings and a square tail. Wahlberg's eagle is a medium-sized raptor, and the sexes are similar. It is about in length with a wingspan of and a body mass of for males and for females on average. The head has a small crest, and the legs are yellow. The plumage tone is variable but may be dark brown except for dark-streaked grey undersides to the flight feathers, and a barred grey undertail. Light and dark plumage phases occur. A pale variant may be much lighter brown with whitish, rather than grey undertail and flight feather undersides. The pale variant is much less common than the darker variant. Distribution and habitat Wahlberg's eagl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
The Clements Checklist Of Birds Of The World
''The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World'' is a book by Jim Clements which presents a list of the bird species of the world. The most recent printed version is the sixth edition (2007), but has been updated yearly, the last version in 2024, and is published by Cornell University Press The Cornell University Press is the university press of Cornell University, an Ivy League university in Ithaca, New York. It is currently housed in Sage House, the former residence of Henry William Sage. It was first established in 1869, maki .... Previous editions were published by the author's own imprint, Ibis Publishing. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology has provided annual updates since then, usually in August, and the most recent version is available online in several formats. These updates reflect the ongoing changes to bird taxonomy based on published research. ''Clements'' is the official list used by the American Birding Association for birds globally. eBird also uses the '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
British Ornithologists' Union
The British Ornithologists' Union (BOU) aims to encourage the study of birds (ornithology) around the world in order to understand their biology and aid their conservation. The BOU was founded in 1858 by Professor Alfred Newton, Henry Baker Tristram and other scientists. Its quarterly journal, '' Ibis'', has been published continuously since 1859. The Records Committee (BOURC) is a committee of the BOU established to maintain the British List, the official list of birds recorded in Great Britain. BOU is headquartered in Peterborough and is a registered charity in England & Wales and Scotland. Objectives and activities * Publishes '' Ibis'' as a leading international journal of ornithological science. * Organizes a program of meetings and conferences. * Awards grants and bursaries for ornithological research. * Encourages liaison between those actively engaged in ornithological research. * Provides a representative body of the scientific community able to provide ornit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Polyphyly
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. ource for pronunciation./ref> It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthetic plants, and edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major revisions of the classification schemes. Researchers concerned m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Nisaetus
''Nisaetus'', the crested hawk-eagles, is a genus of raptor in the subfamily Aquilinae, found mainly in tropical Asia. They were earlier placed within the genus '' Spizaetus'' but molecular studies show that the Old World representatives of that genus are closer to the genus '' Ictinaetus'' than to the New World ''Spizaetus'' ( in the stricter sense). They are slender-bodied, medium-sized hawk-eagles with rounded wings, long feathered legs, barred wings, crests and usually adapted to forest habitats. Taxonomy and species These Old World species were formerly placed in the genus '' Spizaetus''. They were moved to the resurrected genus ''Nisaetus'' based on the results of molecular genetic studies published in 2005 and 2007. The genus ''Nisaetus'' had been introduced in 1836 by the English naturalist Brian Houghton Hodgson with the mountain hawk-eagle as the type species. The genus name ''Nisaetus'' combines the Medieval Latin ''nisus'' for a sparrowhawk with the Ancient Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Spizaetus
''Spizaetus'' is the typical hawk-eagle birds of prey genus found in the tropics of the Americas. It was however used to indicate a group of tropical eagles that included species occurring in southern and southeastern Asia and one representative of this genus in the rainforests of West Africa. The Old World species have been separated into the genus '' Nisaetus''. Several species have a prominent head crest. These are medium to large-sized raptors, most being between long, and tend to be long-tailed and slender. The American Ornithologists' Union merges '' Spizastur'' into ''Spizaetus'' since 2007. ''Spizaetus'' eagles are forest birds with several species having a preference for highland woodlands. They build stick nests in trees. The sexes are similarly plumaged with typical raptor brown upperparts and pale underparts, but young birds are distinguishable from adults, often by a whiter head. These eagles eat medium-sized vertebrate prey such as mammals, birds and reptiles. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
