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Anoplotheriidae
Anoplotheriidae is an extinct family of artiodactyl ungulates. They were endemic to Europe during the Eocene and Oligocene epochs about 44—30 million years ago. Its name is derived from the ("unarmed") and θήριον ("beast"), translating as "unarmed beast". Ecology Species of Anoplotheriidae varied substantially in size''. Diplobune minor'' is suggested to have weighted about '','' while ''Anoplotherium'' is suggested to have been up to in weight. '' Anoplotherium'' is thought to have been a browser that reared up on its hind legs to feed, while ''Diplobune'' is suggested to have been an arboreal climbing animal. Systematics and taxonomy The family Anoplotheriidae was assigned to Belluae by Bonaparte (who named it Anoplotheriina) in 1850; to Artiodactyla by Cope in 1889, to Ruminantia by Gregory in 1910, and finally to its own superfamily Anoplotherioidea by Romer in 1966. A 2019 study considered them to be closely related to Cainotheriidae, another group of en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dacrytherium
''Dacrytherium'' (Ancient Greek: (tear, teardrop) + (beast or wild animal) meaning "tear beast") is an extinct genus of Paleogene, Palaeogene artiodactyls belonging to the family Anoplotheriidae. It occurred from the Middle to Late Eocene of Western Europe and is the type genus of the subfamily Dacrytheriinae, the older of the two anoplotheriid subfamilies. ''Dacrytherium'' was first erected in 1876 by the French palaeontologist Henri Filhol, who recognised in his studies that it had dentition similar to the anoplotheriids ''Anoplotherium'' and ''Diplobune'' but differed from them by a deep preorbital fossa and a fossa for lacrimal sac, lacrimal fossa, the latter of which is where the genus name derives from. ''D. ovinum'', originally classified in ''Dichobune'', is the type species of ''Dacrytherium''. Henri Filhol named ''D. elegans'' in 1884, and Hans Georg Stehlin named the species ''D. priscum'' and ''D. saturnini'' in 1910. ''Dacrytherium'' was a medium-sized artiodactyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ephelcomenus
''Ephelcomenus'' is an extinct genus of Paleogene, Palaeogene artiodactyls belonging to the Anoplotheriidae that were endemic to Western Europe. It contains one species ''E. filholi'', which was first described by Richard Lydekker in 1889 but eventually classified to its own genus by the Swiss palaeontologist Johannes Hürzeler in 1938. It has an uncertain stratigraphic range, but some sources suggest that it was present in the Oligocene after the Grande Coupure turnover event of western Europe. ''Ephelconemus'' has several unusual traits compared to other anoplotheriids, such as an elongated and tusk-shaped first upper incisor and a hollow first phalanx bone, phalanx. The latter trait, along with the typical flexible limb morphologies of anoplotheriids, led Hürzeler to hypothesize that it was specialized for fossorial behaviors, meaning that it may have burrowed and eaten grounded plant material. The hypothesis has not been tested, but other members of the subfamily Anoplother ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anoplotherium
''Anoplotherium'' is the type genus of the extinct Paleogene, Palaeogene artiodactyl family Anoplotheriidae, which was endemic to Western Europe. It lived from the Late Eocene to the earliest Oligocene. It was the fifth fossil mammal genus to be described with official taxonomic authority, with a history extending back to 1804 when its fossils from Montmartre in Paris, France were first described by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier. Discoveries of incomplete skeletons of ''A. commune'' in 1807 led Cuvier to thoroughly describe unusual features for which there are no modern analogues. His drawn skeletal and muscle reconstructions of ''A. commune'' in 1812 were amongst the first instances of anatomical reconstructions based on fossil evidence. Cuvier's contributions to palaeontology based on his works on the genus were revolutionary for the field, not only proving the developing ideas of extinction and ecological succession but also paving the way for subfields such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplobune
''Diplobune'' (Ancient Greek: (double) + (hill) meaning "double hill") is an extinct genus of Paleogene, Palaeogene artiodactyls belonging to the family Anoplotheriidae. It was endemic to Europe and lived from the late Eocene to the early Oligocene. The genus was first erected as a subgenus of ''Dichobune'' by Ludwig Rütimeyer in 1862 based on his hypothesis of the taxon being a transitional form between "''Anoplotherium''" secundaria, previously erected by Georges Cuvier in 1822, and ''Dichobune''. He based the genus etymology off of the two-pointed pillarlike shapes of the lower molars, which had since been a diagnosis of it. However, in 1870, ''Diplobune'' was elevated to genus rank by Oscar Fraas, who recognized that ''Diplobune'' was a distinct genus related to ''Anoplotherium'' and not ''Dichobune''. After several revisions of the anoplotheriids, there are currently four known species of which ''D. minor'' is the type species. ''Diplobune'' was an apomorphy and synapomor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anoplotherium Commune
''Anoplotherium'' is the type genus of the extinct Palaeogene artiodactyl family Anoplotheriidae, which was endemic to Western Europe. It lived from the Late Eocene to the earliest Oligocene. It was the fifth fossil mammal genus to be described with official taxonomic authority, with a history extending back to 1804 when its fossils from Montmartre in Paris, France were first described by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier. Discoveries of incomplete skeletons of ''A. commune'' in 1807 led Cuvier to thoroughly describe unusual features for which there are no modern analogues. His drawn skeletal and muscle reconstructions of ''A. commune'' in 1812 were amongst the first instances of anatomical reconstructions based on fossil evidence. Cuvier's contributions to palaeontology based on his works on the genus were revolutionary for the field, not only proving the developing ideas of extinction and ecological succession but also paving the way for subfields such as palaeoneu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catodontherium
''Catodontherium'' is an extinct genus of Paleogene, Palaeogene artiodactyl belonging to the family Anoplotheriidae. It was endemic to Western Europe and had a temporal range exclusive to the middle Eocene, although its earliest appearance depends on whether ''C. argentonicum'' is truly a species of ''Catodontherium''. It was first named ''Catodus'' by the French palaeontologist Charles Depéret in 1906, who created two species for the genus and later changed the genus name to ''Catodontherium'' in 1908. The Swiss palaeontologist Hans Georg Stehlin renamed one species and classified two other newly erected species to ''Catodontherium'' in 1910. Today, there are four known species, although two remain questionable in genus placement. Similar to the other dacrytheriine ''Dacrytherium'' and unlike anoplotheriines such as ''Anoplotherium'', ''Catodontherium'' had a fossa for lacrimal sac, preorbital fossa. It also had cranial and dental morphologies typical of the Dacrytheriinae but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robiatherium
''Robiatherium'' is an extinct genus of Palaeogene artiodactyls containing one species ''R. cournovense''. The genus name derives from the locality of Robiac in France, where some of its fossils were described, plus the Greek /, meaning "beast" or "wild animal". It was known only from the middle Eocene and, like other anoplotheriids, was endemic to Western Europe. The genus was erected by Jean Sudre in 1988 for a species originally attributed to the xiphodont genus '' Paraxiphodon'' in 1978. ''Robiatherium'' had dentitions typical of the subfamily Anoplotheriinae, differing from other genera by specific differences in the molars. It is one of the earliest-appearing anoplotheriine species in the fossil record as well as the earliest to have appeared in Central Europe. Taxonomy In 1988, French palaeontologist Jean Sudre referenced an upper molar from the Robiac-Nord locality in France that he in 1969 listed as "Anoplotherioidea indet." Referencing his previous work in 1978, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duerotherium
''Duerotherium'' is an extinct genus of artiodactyl that lived during the Middle Eocene and is only known from the Iberian Peninsula. The genus is a member of the family Anoplotheriidae and the subfamily Anoplotheriinae, and contains one species, ''D. sudrei''. Like other anoplotheriids, it was endemic to Western Europe. The genus was described based on a left fragment of a maxilla (upper jaw) from the Mazaterón Formation of the Duero Basin, from which its name derives, in 2009. Its dentition is mostly typical of the Anoplotheriinae but differs from related genera in the elongated and triangular third upper premolar and traits of the molars. It is thought to have been part of an endemic fauna that evolved in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Eocene, when climates were subtropical. Taxonomy In 2009, Spanish palaeontologists Miguel-Ángel Cuesta and Ainara Badiola described a newly erected anoplotheriine genus from the Mazaterón Formation near the village of Mazater ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anoplotheriidae
Anoplotheriidae is an extinct family of artiodactyl ungulates. They were endemic to Europe during the Eocene and Oligocene epochs about 44—30 million years ago. Its name is derived from the ("unarmed") and θήριον ("beast"), translating as "unarmed beast". Ecology Species of Anoplotheriidae varied substantially in size''. Diplobune minor'' is suggested to have weighted about '','' while ''Anoplotherium'' is suggested to have been up to in weight. '' Anoplotherium'' is thought to have been a browser that reared up on its hind legs to feed, while ''Diplobune'' is suggested to have been an arboreal climbing animal. Systematics and taxonomy The family Anoplotheriidae was assigned to Belluae by Bonaparte (who named it Anoplotheriina) in 1850; to Artiodactyla by Cope in 1889, to Ruminantia by Gregory in 1910, and finally to its own superfamily Anoplotherioidea by Romer in 1966. A 2019 study considered them to be closely related to Cainotheriidae, another group of en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artiodactyl
Artiodactyls are placental mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla ( , ). Typically, they are ungulates which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes (the third and fourth, often in the form of a hoof). The other three toes are either present, absent, vestigial, or pointing posteriorly. By contrast, most perissodactyls bear weight on an odd number of the five toes. Another difference between the two orders is that many artiodactyls (except for Suina) digest plant cellulose in one or more stomach chambers rather than in their intestine (as perissodactyls do). Molecular biology, along with new fossil discoveries, has found that cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) fall within this taxonomic branch, being most closely related to hippopotamuses. Some modern taxonomists thus apply the name Cetartiodactyla () to this group, while others opt to include cetaceans within the existing name of Artiodactyla. Some researchers use "even-toed ungulates" t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artiodactyla
Artiodactyls are placental mammals belonging to the order (biology), order Artiodactyla ( , ). Typically, they are ungulates which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes (the third and fourth, often in the form of a hoof). The other three toes are either present, absent, vestigial, or pointing posteriorly. By contrast, most perissodactyls bear weight on an odd number of the five toes. Another difference between the two orders is that many artiodactyls (except for Suina) digest plant cellulose in one or more stomach chambers rather than in their intestine (as perissodactyls do). Molecular biology, along with new fossil discoveries, has found that cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) fall within this taxonomic branch, being most closely related to Hippopotamidae, hippopotamuses. Some modern taxonomists thus apply the name Cetartiodactyla () to this group, while others opt to include cetaceans within the existing name of Artiodactyla. Some researchers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiphodontidae
Xiphodontidae is an extinct family (biology), family of herbivorous even-toed ungulates (order (biology), order Artiodactyla), endemic to Europe during the Eocene 40.4—33.9 million years ago, existing for about 7.5 million years. ''Paraxiphodon'' suggests that they survived into the Lower Oligocene, at least. Description The molar teeth of xiphodontids are brachydont (low crowned) and selenodont. Taxonomy The Xiphodontidae were named by Flower (1883). It was assigned to Artiodactyla by Cope (1889); to Xiphodontoidea by Hooker (1986); and to Tylopoda by Carroll (1988). A 2020 study suggested them to be related to Ruminant, ruminants, as well as other Europe-endemic artiodactyls like Cainotheriidae and Anoplotheriidae. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q2699941 Xiphodontidae, Tylopoda Eocene Artiodactyla Prehistoric mammals of Europe Prehistoric mammal families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
