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Ankylosaurinae
Ankylosaurinae is a subfamily of ankylosaurid dinosaurs, existing from the Early Cretaceous about 105 million years ago until the end of the Late Cretaceous, about 66 mya. Many genera are included in the clade, such as '' Ankylosaurus'', ''Pinacosaurus'', '' Euoplocephalus'', and '' Saichania''. Features Ankylosaurinae is formally defined in the ''PhyloCode'' as "the largest clade containing '' Ankylosaurus magniventris'', but not '' Shamosaurus scutatus''". The tribe Ankylosaurini is defined in the ''PhyloCode'' as "the largest clade containing '' Ankylosaurus magniventris'', but not '' Pinacosaurus grangeri'' and '' Saichania chulsanensis''". Diagnostic features of ankylosaurines include the nuchal shelf that obscures the occiput in dorsal view, and the quadrate condyle which is obscured lightly by the quadratojugal boss. Phylogeny The following cladogram is based on the 50% majority rule phylogenetic analysis In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evoluti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scolosaurus Thronus
''Scolosaurus'' is an extinct genus of ankylosaurid dinosaurs within the subfamily Ankylosaurinae. It is known from the lower levels of the Dinosaur Park Formation and upper levels of the Oldman Formation in the Late Cretaceous (latest middle Campanian stage, about 76.5 Ma ago) of Alberta, Canada. It contains two species, ''S. cutleri'' and ''S. thronus''. The type species, ''S. cutleri'', measured up to in length and in body mass. Discovery ''Scolosaurus'' was named by Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás in 1928, based on holotype NHMUK PV R.5161, a nearly complete specimen that preserves the entire skeleton except for the distal end of the tail, the right forelimb, the right hindlimb, and the skull. The rare preservation of osteoderms and skin impression are also present. The fossil skeleton was discovered by William Edmund Cutler, an independent fossil collector in 1914 at Quarry 80 of the Deadlodge Canyon locality. It was collected from the bottom of the Dinosaur Park ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scolosaurus
''Scolosaurus'' is an extinct genus of ankylosaurid dinosaurs within the subfamily Ankylosaurinae. It is known from the lower levels of the Dinosaur Park Formation and upper levels of the Oldman Formation in the Late Cretaceous (latest middle Campanian stage, about 76.5 Ma ago) of Alberta, Canada. It contains two species, ''S. cutleri'' and ''S. thronus''. The type species, ''S. cutleri'', measured up to in length and in body mass. Discovery ''Scolosaurus'' was named by Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás in 1928, based on holotype NHMUK PV R.5161, a nearly complete specimen that preserves the entire skeleton except for the distal end of the tail, the right forelimb, the right hindlimb, and the skull. The rare preservation of osteoderms and skin impression are also present. The fossil skeleton was discovered by William Edmund Cutler, an independent fossil collector in 1914 at Quarry 80 of the Deadlodge Canyon locality. It was collected from the bottom of the Dinosaur Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinacosaurus
''Pinacosaurus'' (meaning "Plank lizard") is a genus of ankylosaurid thyreophoran dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous (Campanian, roughly 75 to 71 million years ago), mainly in Mongolia and China. The first remains of the genus were found in 1923, and the type species ''Pinacosaurus grangeri'' was named in 1933. ''Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus'' named in 1999, is a second possibly valid species differing from the type species in details of the skull armour. At least 24 ''Pinacosaurus'' skeletons have been found, possibly more than of any other ankylosaur. These predominantly consist of juveniles. Adult fossils have not been found in groups. ''Pinacosaurus'' was a medium-sized ankylosaurine, about long and weighed up to . Its body was flat and low-slung but not as heavily built as in some other members of the Ankylosaurinae. The head was protected by bone tiles, hence its name. Each nostril was formed as a large depression pierced by between three and five smal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euoplocephalus
''Euoplocephalus'' ( ) is a genus of large herbivorous ankylosaurid dinosaurs, living during the Late Cretaceous of Canada. It has only one named species, ''Euoplocephalus tutus''. The first fossil of ''Euoplocephalus'' was found in 1897 in Alberta. In 1902, it was named ''Stereocephalus'', but Stereocephalus, that name had already been given to an insect, so it was changed in 1910. Later, many more Ankylosauridae, ankylosaurid remains were found from the Campanian of North America and often made separate genera. In 1971, Walter Coombs concluded that they all belonged to ''Euoplocephalus'', which then make it one of the best-known dinosaurs. Recently, however, experts have come to the opposite conclusion, limiting the authentic finds of ''Euoplocephalus'' to about a dozen specimens. These include a number of almost complete skeletons, so nevertheless much is known about the build of the animal. ''Euoplocephalus'' reached in length and in body mass. Its body was low-slung and v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinyunpelta
''Jinyunpelta'' ("Jinyun shield") is a genus of herbivorous ankylosaurine thyreophoran dinosaur from the Cretaceous Liangtoutang Formation of Jinyun County, Zhejiang, China; it has one species, the type species ''J. sinensis''. This species is the basalmost ankylosaur known to have had a proper tail club. Discovery and naming In June 2008, farmer Li Meiyun on a construction site at Huzhen in Jinyun County discovered the remains of an ankylosaur. Between 2008 and 2014 excavations took place by a joint team of the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, the Jinyun Museum and the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum. In 2013, five ankylosaurian skeletons were uncovered. A new species was to be based on two of these, while preparation of the other finds continued. In 2018, the type species ''Jinyunpelta sinensis'' was named and described by Zheng Wenjie, Jin Xingsheng, Yoichi Azuma, Wang Qiongying, Kazunori Miyata and Xu Xing. The generic name combines Jinyun with a Greek ''peltè'', "s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zuul
''Zuul'' is a genus of herbivorous ankylosaurine dinosaur from the Campanian Judith River Formation of Montana. The type species is ''Zuul crurivastator''. It is known from a complete skull and tail, which represents the first ankylosaurin known from a complete skull and tail club, as well as the most complete ankylosaurid specimen thus far recovered from North America. The specimen also preserved ''in situ'' osteoderms, keratin, and skin remains. Discovery and naming In 2014, Theropoda Expeditions LLC was excavating a possible ''Gorgosaurus'' specimen near Havre, Montana. On 16 May, a skid-steer loader removing a -high overburden unexpectedly hit upon an ankylosaurian tail club. An almost complete ankylosaur skeleton proved to be present. As it had not been eroded on the surface, it was in pristine condition. It was found overturned, with the stomach facing upwards. The skeleton was largely articulated, but the skull and some neck vertebrae were separated from the main torso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talarurus
''Talarurus'' ( ; meaning "basket tail" or "wicker tail") is a genus of ankylosaurid dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous period, about 96 million to 89 million years ago. The first remains of ''Talarurus'' were discovered in 1948 and later described by the Russian paleontologist Evgeny Maleev with the type species ''T. plicatospineus''. It is known from multiple yet sparse specimens, making it one of the most well known ankylosaurines, along with ''Pinacosaurus''. Elements from the specimens consists of various bones from the body; five skulls have been discovered and assigned to the genus, although the first two were very fragmented. It was a medium-sized, heavily built, ground-dwelling, quadrupedal herbivore, that could grow up to long and weighed about , nearly a ton. Like other ankylosaurs it had heavy armour and a club on its tail, limiting its speed. ''Talarurus'' is classified as a member of the Ankylosauria, in the Ankylosaurinae, a group of derive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anodontosaurus
''Anodontosaurus'' is an extinct genus of ankylosaurid dinosaurs within the subfamily Ankylosaurinae. It is known from the entire span of the Late Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation (mid Late Campanian to "middle" Maastrichtian stage, about 72.8-67 Ma ago) of southern Alberta, Canada, and is also known from the Dinosaur Park Formation (75.6 Ma ago). It contains two species, ''A. lambei'' and ''A. inceptus''. Discovery ''Anodontosaurus'' was named by Charles Mortram Sternberg in 1928, based on holotype CMN 8530, a partially preserved skeleton including the skull, half ring, armor and other postcranial remains.C. M. Sternberg (1929) "A toothless armoured dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta." ''Canada Department of Mines Geological Survey Bulletin (Geological Series)'' 54(49):28-33 The badly crushed skeleton was collected by Sternberg in 1916 from a Canadian Museum of Nature quarry, 8 miles southwest of Morrin. It was collected from the upper part of the Lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ankylosaurus
''Ankylosaurus'' is a genus of Thyreophora, armored dinosaur. Its fossils have been found in geological formations dating to the very end of the Cretaceous Period (geology), Period, about 68–66 million years ago, in western North America, making it among the last of the non-avian dinosaurs. It was named by Barnum Brown in 1908; it is Monotypic taxon, monotypic, containing only ''A. magniventris''. The Binomial nomenclature, generic name means "fused" or "bent lizard", and the specific name means "great belly". A handful of specimens have been excavated to date, but a complete skeleton has not been discovered. Though other members of Ankylosauria are represented by more extensive fossil material, ''Ankylosaurus'' is often considered the archetype, archetypal member of its group, despite having some unusual features. Possibly the largest known Ankylosauridae, ankylosaurid, ''Ankylosaurus'' is estimated to have been between long and to have weighed between . It was Quadrupedal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaraapelta
''Zaraapelta'' is an extinct genus of herbivorous ankylosaurid thyreophoran dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. The type species is ''Zaraapelta nomadis'', named and described by Arbour ''et al'' in 2014. ''Zaraapelta'' is known from a single skull from the Barun Goyot Formation. It was found to be closest to ''Tarchia'' in the phylogenetic analysis within its description. Discovery and naming In 2000, Robert Gabbard, member of a team headed by Philip John Currie, found an ankylosaur skull in the Gobi Desert near Hermiin Tsav at the Baruungoyot. In 2014, Victoria Megan Arbour named and described the find as the species ''Zaraapelta nomadis'', but at first it remained an invalid ''nomen ex dissertatione''.Arbour, Victoria Megan, 2014, ''Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs'' Ph.D thesis, University of Alberta Later that year, however, it was validly named as the type species ''Zaraapelta nomadis'' by Arbour, Currie and, posthumously, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saichania
''Saichania'' (Mongolian meaning "beautiful one") is a genus of herbivorous ankylosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period of Mongolia. The first fossils of ''Saichania'' were found in the early 1970s in Mongolia. In 1977 the type species ''Saichania chulsanensis'' was named. The description of this species has been based on limited fossil material; especially the rear of the animal is not well known. ''Saichania'' was more robustly built than other members of the Ankylosauridae, measuring in length and in body mass. Neck vertebrae, shoulder girdle, ribs and breast bones were fused or firmly connected. Its body was flat and low-slung, standing on four short legs. The forelimbs were very powerful. The head was protected by bulbous armour tiles. It could defend itself against predators like '' Tarbosaurus'' with a tail-club. On the torso keeled osteoderms were present. ''Saichania'' bit off plants in its desert habitat with a horny beak and processed them in its wide hin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Datai
''Datai'' is an extinct genus of ankylosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Zhoutian Formation of Jiangxi Province, China. The genus contains a single species, ''D. yingliangis'', which is known from the articulated skulls and partial skeletons of two individuals. Discovery and naming The ''Datai'' fossil material was discovered in 2016, in sediments of the Zhoutian Formation in Mazhou, Huichang County, Jiangxi Province, China. The fossils were then obtained by the Yingliang Stone Natural History Museum two years later, where they are currently stored. The two known specimens—representing different ages of immaturity—were found articulated and in association. The holotype specimen, YLSNHM 01002, consists of a skull, four dorsal vertebrae, ribs, four distal caudal vertebrae surrounded by ossified tendons (likely indicative of the presence of a tail club), incomplete pectoral girdles, the left arm (including the humeral head and distal radius and ulna), a fragmentar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
