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Angiola Moretti
Angiola Moretti (1899 - ), was an Italian politician of the National Fascist Party (PNF). She was from Brescia. She worked as a middle school teacher. She was a veteran of the Fiume legionnaire, and became a member of the PNF in 1923. She served as the President of the Fascist state women's organization, the Fasci Femminili, between 1926 and 1930, being appointed by Augusto Turati after Elisa Majer Rizzioli was forced to resign. Young and unmarried, the Fascist Ester Lombardo praised the appointed with the comment that young women had "minds more open to new events and opportunities", whereas "old carcasses with very rare exceptions always constitute and obstacle". She was one of the highest placed top women of the Fascist Party. She was seen as a role model of a Fascist Ideal woman, and described as a ‘Shining Example of Fascist Womanhood’. She was ousted from her position as President of the Fasci Femminili when her supporter Augusto Turati was ousted in 1930. In 1930 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Fascist Party
The National Fascist Party ( it, Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF) was a political party in Italy, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of Italian Fascism and as a reorganization of the previous Italian Fasces of Combat. The party Fascist Italy (1922–1943), ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 1922 when Fascists took power with the March on Rome until the Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy, fall of the Fascist regime in 1943, when Mussolini was deposed by the Grand Council of Fascism. It was succeeded, in the territories under the control of the Italian Social Republic, by the Republican Fascist Party, ultimately dissolved at the end of World War II. The National Fascist Party was rooted in Italian nationalismStanley G. Payne. A History of Fascism, 1914–1945. p. 106.Roger Griffin, "Nationalism" in Cyprian Blamires, ed., ''World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia'', vol. 2 (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006), pp. 451–53. and the desire to restore and e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fasci Femminili
Fasci Femminili (FF) ("Female Groups") was the women's section of the Italian Fascist Party (PNF). The FF was founded in 1919 and disbanded in 1945. It incorporated all the other Fascist organizations for women and girls, which were all formally sections of the FF. Its purpose was to instruct women in their role according to fascist ideology The history of fascist ideology is long and it draws on many sources. Fascists took inspiration from sources as ancient as the Spartans for their focus on racial purity and their emphasis on rule by an elite minority. Fascism has also been co .... The FF met some hostility from male members of the party. When it was formally created in 1920, having then informally excisted since 1919, it was almost unique, since other Italian political parties did not include women in their partiers. It was reorganized to become a voluntary mass organization in 1929. In practice, the majority of their work was charitable and social work, which wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augusto Turati
Augusto Turati (16 April 1888 – 27 August 1955) was an Italian journalist and Fascist politician. Born in Parma, after moving to Brescia as a young man, Turati worked on newspapers and became one of the editors at the liberal ''Provincia di Brescia''; he attended law classes, but never graduated. An irredentist and advocate of Italy entering World War I, he volunteered for the front in 1915. In 1918, he returned to Brescia as head editor of the same newspaper. In 1920, he joined the '' Fasci Italiani di Combattimento'' - a year later, the National Fascist Party (''Partito Nazionale Fascista'', or PNF). Active in trade unionism for the régime-backed corporatist enterprises, Turati was a secretary for the Brescia '' Fascio''. In 1926-1930, he was secretary of the PNF, helping in the consolidation of Benito Mussolini's rule. He doubled this task with leadership positions in sports: a Federtennis president, a Federazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera one, and leader ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elisa Majer Rizzioli
Elisa Majer Rizzioli (1880 – 1930), was an Italian politician of the National Fascist Party (PNF). She was born in Venice to a rich Jewish merchant and a noblewoman. In 1904 she married the public notary Niccolo Rizzioli. She served as the President of the Fascist state women's organization, the Fasci Femminili, between 1919 and 1926. In the first years of Fascism, the position of women was ambivalent, and Mussolini promised Elisa Majer Rizzioli to introduce women's suffrage. He did introduce municipal women's suffrage in 1925, but abolished free elections in 1926. Elisa Majer Rizzioli fought for the Fascist women and Fasci Femminili to be autonomous, a demand which was defeated in 1924 and resulted in the ultimate elimination of women from true influence in the Fascist Party.de Grazia, V. (1992). How Fascism Ruled Women: Italy, 1922–1945. USA: University of California Press. In 1926, Majer Rizzioli was removed from her post by Roberto Farinacci and replaced by Angiola Mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ester Lombardo
In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an oxoacid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one hydroxyl group () is replaced by an alkoxy group (), as in the substitution reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Glycerides are fatty acid esters of glycerol; they are important in biology, being one of the main classes of lipids and comprising the bulk of animal fats and vegetable oils. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. They perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Phosphoesters form the backbone of DNA molecules. Nitrate esters, such as nitroglycerin, are known for their explosive properties. '' Nomenclature Etymology The wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clara Franceschini
Clara Franceschini (1900 -), was an Italian politician of the National Fascist Party (PNF). She was born in a poor family in Pavia in 1900. She became a member of the Fascist Party in 1921, was a co-founder of the Pavia Branch of the Fasci Femminili (FF Provincial Fiduciary) and served as its President in 1925-1937. She worked as a holiday camp director and was the Director of the Pavia children's summer camps. She was appointed to succeed Tina Marino as President of the Massaie Rurali in December 1936. In 1937, she was also appointed President of the Sezione Operaie e Lavoranti a Domicilio (SOLD), and Vice President of the Opera Nazionale Maternità ed Infanzia (OMNI). In 1937, she was appointed leader of the Fascist women, which was the highest position for a woman in the Fascist Party. The national leadership of the Fascist women's organization, the Fasci Femminili, was left vacant after Angiola Moretti in 1930. There were only leaders of the local branches until the nationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giuditta Stelluti Scala Frascara
Giuditta "Itta" Stelluti Scala Frascara was an Italian politician of the National Fascist Party (PNF). She was a professional nurse, who studied pediatrics in London and spoke four languages. She was a writer of social topics under the male pseudonym Elio Silvestri. She was a rich and owned considerable property in Rome and in the Abruzzi. She became known as a nursing and welfare expert. She became a member of the Fascist Party in 1927, and fiduciary of the Roman women's group in 1933. In 1930, the national leadership of the Fascist women's organization, the Fasci Femminili, was left vacant after Angiola Moretti. There were only leaders of the local branches until the national oversight committee was established in 1937, in which Clara Franceschini and Giuditta Stelluti Scala Frascara were appointed as inspectors by Achille Starace in a shared leadership position, followed in 1938 by an additional four: Wanda Bruschi Gorjux, Laura Marani Argnani, Teresita Menzinger Ruata and Olg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wanda Bruschi Gorjux
Wanda Bruschi Gorjux (1889–1976), was an Italian politician of the National Fascist Party (PNF). She married Raffaele Gorjux in 1911. She was a journalist and a cultural organizer. She contributed to several women's magazines under psedonyms (Medusa, Madame Récamier). In 1930, the national leadership of the Fascist women's organization, the Fasci Femminili, was left vacant after Angiola Moretti. There were only leaders of the local branches until the national oversight committee was established in 1937, in which Clara Franceschini and Giuditta Stelluti Scala Frascara were appointed as inspectors by Achille Starace in a shared leadership position, followed in 1938 by an additional four: Wanda Bruschi Gorjux, Laura Marani Argnani, Teresita Menzinger Ruata and Olga Medici del Vascello.de Grazia, V. (1992). ''How Fascism Ruled Women: Italy, 1922–1945''. USA: University of California Press. To be a member of the Fasci Femminili Fasci Femminili (FF) ("Female Groups") was th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laura Marani Argnani
Laura Marani Argnani (1865 – 1955), was an Italian politician of the National Fascist Party (PNF). She was the leader of the local branch of the Fasci Femminili in Reggio Emilia 1929-1940, and expanded her branch of the organization to the biggest in Italy. In 1930, the national leadership of the Fascist women's organization, the Fasci Femminili, was left vacant after Angiola Moretti. There were only leaders of the local branches until the national oversight committee was established in 1937, in which Clara Franceschini and Giuditta Stelluti Scala Frascara were appointed as inspectors by Achille Starace in a shared leadership position, followed in 1938 by an additional four: Wanda Bruschi Gorjux, Laura Marani Argnani, Teresita Menzinger Ruata and Olga Medici del Vascello Olga Medici del Vascello (1882-1966), was an Italian politician of the National Fascist Party (PNF). She was born to the rich merchant Carlo Giovanni Napoleone Leumann and Amalia Cerutti. She married the nob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teresita Menzinger Ruata
Baroness Teresita Menzinger Ruata, was an Italian politician of the National Fascist Party (PNF). Her husband died in the World War I. She was President of the National Association of the Families of the Fallen and Wounded in War. She was also President of the ''Opera Nazionale Maternità ed Infanzia'' (OMNI). In 1930, the national leadership of the Fascist women's organization, the Fasci Femminili, was left vacant after Angiola Moretti. There were only leaders of the local branches until the national oversight committee was established in 1937, in which Clara Franceschini and Giuditta Stelluti Scala Frascara were appointed as inspectors by Achille Starace in a shared leadership position, followed in 1938 by an additional four: Wanda Bruschi Gorjux, Laura Marani Argnani, Teresita Menzinger Ruata and Olga Medici del Vascello Olga Medici del Vascello (1882-1966), was an Italian politician of the National Fascist Party (PNF). She was born to the rich merchant Carlo Giovanni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olga Medici Del Vascello
Olga Medici del Vascello (1882-1966), was an Italian politician of the National Fascist Party (PNF). She was born to the rich merchant Carlo Giovanni Napoleone Leumann and Amalia Cerutti. She married the nobleman Marquess Giacomo Medici del Vascello, Mussolini's chief of cabinet. In 1930, the national leadership of the Fascist women's organization, the Fasci Femminili, was left vacant after Angiola Moretti. There were only leaders of the local branches until the national oversight committee was established in 1937, in which Clara Franceschini and Giuditta Stelluti Scala Frascara were appointed as inspectors by Achille Starace in a shared leadership position, followed in 1938 by an additional four: Wanda Bruschi Gorjux, Laura Marani Argnani, Teresita Menzinger Ruata and Olga Medici del Vascello. To be a member of the Fasci Femminili, or the women's groups under its umbrella, was the only way for a woman to be a part of the Fascist Party, which otherwise excluded women from a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1899 Births
Events January 1899 * January 1 ** Spanish rule ends in Cuba, concluding 400 years of the Spanish Empire in the Americas. ** Queens and Staten Island become administratively part of New York City. * January 2 – **Bolivia sets up a customs office in Puerto Alonso, leading to the Brazilian settlers there to declare the Republic of Acre in a revolt against Bolivian authorities. **The first part of the Jakarta Kota–Anyer Kidul railway on the island of Java is opened between Batavia Zuid ( Jakarta Kota) and Tangerang. * January 3 – Hungarian Prime Minister Dezső Bánffy fights an inconclusive duel with his bitter enemy in parliament, Horánszky Nándor. * January 4 – **U.S. President William McKinley's declaration of December 21, 1898, proclaiming a policy of benevolent assimilation of the Philippines as a United States territory, is announced in Manila by the U.S. commander, General Elwell Otis, and angers independence activists who had fought a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
