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Amr Ibn Jafnah
'Amr ibn Jafnah (Arabic: عمرو بن جفنة) was a poet and the second of the Ghassanid rulers, as well as the first Christian king in the ruling dynasty. He succeeded his father, Jafnah. 'Amr was known for his conflicts with the Salihids and the Roman Empire. Biography Family Being the son of Jafnah, 'Amr would have been descended from the Arabian king Muzayqiya as well as the Azd tribal group. 'Amr had a son named Tha'laba, who succeeded him. Rule 'Amr took the throne after his father had died. He became the first of the Ghassanid rulers to adopt the tradition of wearing a crown. His rule is dated to 265–270 CE. According to the historian Ibn Hisham, the Ghassanids had several military campaigns and battles led by 'Amr which were fought against the Roman Empire and the Salihids, the latter having acted treacherously against the Ghassanids.Kitab al-Tijan by Ibn Hisham Towards the end of the reign of 'Amr, the Romans made a reconciliation with the Ghassanids and sign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghassanids
The Ghassanids, also known as the Jafnids, were an Tribes of Arabia, Arab tribe. Originally from South Arabia, they migrated to the Levant in the 3rd century and established what would eventually become a Christian state, Christian kingdom under the aegis of the Byzantine Empire. However, some of the Ghassanids may have already adhered to Christianity before they emigrated from South Arabia to escape religious persecution. As a Byzantine vassal, the Ghassanids participated in the Roman–Persian Wars, Byzantine–Sasanian Wars, fighting against the Sasanian Empire, Sasanian-allied Lakhmid kingdom, Lakhmids, who were also an Arabian tribe, but adhered to the non-Chalcedonian Church of the East. The lands of the Ghassanids also acted as a buffer zone protecting lands that had been annexed by the Romans against raids by Bedouins. After just over 400 years of existence, the Ghassanid kingdom fell to the Rashidun Caliphate during the Muslim conquest of the Levant. A few of the tribe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muzayqiya
Muzayqiya () was the leader of the Azd tribes and a king ruling parts of Yemen in the 2nd century CE. Muzayqiya succeeded his brother Imran in the leadership of the kingdom. During his time, the Ma'rib Dam collapsed which resulted in several Qahtanite tribes emigrating from Yemen. Biography Family Muzayqiya's real name was 'Amr, and his father was the patriarch 'Amir Ma' as-Sama. He also had a brother named Imran, whom he succeeded in leadership of Kahlan. Muzayqiya had several sons including Jafnah ibn Amr, Jafnah, Tha'laba and Haritha. His full lineage, according to Ibn Qutaybah is '''Amr ibn 'Amir ibn Haritha ibn Imru' al-Qays ibn Tha'laba ibn Mazin ibn 'Abd Allah ibn 'Azd''; tracing his genealogy back to that of the Azd tribe. Hisham ibn al-Kalbi extended his lineage further and indicated he was from the Kahlan tribe as well as a descendant of ancient Arabian patriarch Qahtan. The descendants of Muzayqiya, from each of his sons, include: *From Jafnah – The Ghassanids *F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Converts To Christianity
The following is a list of notable people who converted to Christianity from a different religion or no religion. This article addresses only past voluntary professions of faith by the individuals listed, and is not intended to address ethnic, cultural, or other considerations such as Marriage. Certain people listed here may be lapsed or former converts, or their current religious identity may be ambiguous, uncertain or disputed. Such cases are noted in their list entries. From major religions * List of converts to Christianity from nontheism * List of converts to Christianity from Buddhism * List of converts to Christianity from Confucianism *List of converts to Christianity from Hinduism *List of converts to Christianity from Islam * List of converts to Christianity from Judaism * List of converts to Christianity from Paganism * List of converts to Christianity from Sikhism Baha'i Faith * John Ford Coley — American artist and author. Cao Dai * Phan Thị Kim Phúc& ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christianity In Pre-Islamic Arabia
Christianity was one of the major religions of pre-Islamic Arabia. It was likely introduced in the fourth century, during the period of Late Antiquity, and had achieved a large presence by the fifth century. Bishoprics were established in multiple areas in Eastern Arabia, as well as in Arabia Petraea, Najran, and Zafar. Churches, martyria and monasteries were constructed across the peninsula, allowing local leaders to display their benefaction in the region, communicate with locals and with local officials, and to establish points of contact with Byzantine representatives. Christian proselytism also happened throughout the peninsula, especially in its northwest and southwest. Northern proselytization was driven by Syrian Christian missionaries, and the south, by Ethiopian Christians in the aftermath of the Ethiopian conquest of the South Arabian Kingdom of Himyar. Many conversion stories of Arabs are found in Byzantine Christian literature, especially those with a Syrian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arab Christians
Arab Christians () are the Arabs who adhere to Christianity. The number of Arab Christians who live in the Middle East was estimated in 2012 to be between 10 and 15 million. Arab Christian communities can be found throughout the Arab world, but are concentrated in the Eastern Mediterranean region of the Levant and Egypt, with smaller communities present throughout the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. The history of Arab Christians coincides with the history of Eastern Christianity and the history of the Arabic language; Arab Christian communities either result from pre-existing Christian communities adopting the Arabic language, or from pre-existing Arabic-speaking communities adopting Christianity. The jurisdictions of three of the five patriarchates of the Pentarchy primarily became Arabic-speaking after the early Muslim conquests – the Church of Alexandria, the Church of Antioch and the Church of Jerusalem – and over time many of their adherents adopted the Arabic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived History of the Roman Empire, the events that caused the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th centuryAD, it endured until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. The term 'Byzantine Empire' was coined only after its demise; its citizens used the term 'Roman Empire' and called themselves 'Romans'. During the early centuries of the Roman Empire, the western provinces were Romanization (cultural), Latinised, but the eastern parts kept their Hellenistic culture. Constantine the Great, Constantine I () legalised Christianity and moved the capital to Constantinople. Theodosius I, Theodosius I () made Christianity the state religion and Greek gradually replaced Latin for official use. The empire adopted a defensive strategy and, throughout its remaining history, expe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Hisham
Abu Muhammad Abd al-Malik ibn Hisham ibn Ayyub al-Himyari (; died 7 May 833), known simply as Ibn Hisham, was a 9th-century Abbasid historian and scholar. He grew up in Basra, in modern-day Iraq and later moved to Egypt. Life Ibn Hisham has been said to have grown up in Basra and moved afterwards to Egypt.Mustafa al-Suqa, Ibrahim al-Abyari and Abdul-Hafidh Shalabi, ''Tahqiq Sirah an-Nabawiyyah li Ibn Hisham'', ed.: Dar Ihya al-Turath, pp. 23-4. His family was native to Basra but he himself was born in Old Cairo. He gained a name as a grammarian and student of language and history in Egypt. His family was of Himyarite origin and belonged to Banu Ma‘afir tribe of Yemen. Biography of Muḥammad ''As-Sīrah an-Nabawiyyah'' (), 'The Life of the Prophet'; is an edited recension of Ibn Isḥāq's classic ''Sīratu Rasūli l-Lāh'' () 'The Life of God's Messenger'. Ibn Isḥāq's now lost work survives only in Ibn Hishām's and al-Tabari's recensions, although fragments of seve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Oxford Dictionary Of Late Antiquity
The ''Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity'' (ODLA) is the first comprehensive, multi-disciplinary reference work covering culture, history, religion, and life in Late Antiquity. This was the period in Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Near East from about AD 250 to 750. Written by more than 400 contributors and edited by Oliver Nicholson, the ''Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity'' was published in 2018. It connects the period in history between those covered in the ''Oxford Classical Dictionary The ''Oxford Classical Dictionary'' (''OCD'') is generally considered "the best one-volume dictionary on antiquity," an encyclopædic work in English consisting of articles relating to classical antiquity and its civilizations. It was first pub ...'' and '' The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages''. The print edition is in two volumes, Volume I: A–I; Volume II: J–Z. Sources * 2018 non-fiction books Encyclopedias of history Oxford dictionaries {{Dictionary-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crown
A crown is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by monarchs as a symbol of their power and dignity. A crown is often, by extension, a symbol of the monarch's government or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, particularly in Commonwealth countries, as an abstract name for the monarchy itself (and, by extension, the state of which said monarch is head) as distinct from the individual who inhabits it (that is, ''The Crown''). A specific type of crown (or coronet for lower ranks of peerage) is employed in heraldry under strict rules. Indeed, some monarchies never had a physical crown, just a heraldic representation, as in the constitutional kingdom of Belgium. Variations * Costume headgear imitating a monarch's crown is also called a crown hat. Such costume crowns may be worn by actors portraying a monarch, people at costume parties, or ritual "monarchs" such as the king of a Carnival krewe, or the person who found the trinket in a king cake. * The nup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Roman people, Romans conquered most of this during the Roman Republic, Republic, and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian's assumption of effective sole rule in 27 BC. The Western Roman Empire, western empire collapsed in 476 AD, but the Byzantine Empire, eastern empire lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. By 100 BC, the city of Rome had expanded its rule from the Italian peninsula to most of the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and beyond. However, it was severely destabilised by List of Roman civil wars and revolts, civil wars and political conflicts, which culminated in the Wars of Augustus, victory of Octavian over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, and the subsequent conquest of the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt. In 27 BC, the Roman Senate granted Octavian overarching military power () and the new title of ''Augustus (title), Augustus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jafnah Ibn Amr
Jafnah ibn 'Amr (Arabic: جفنة بن عمرو) or Jafna (died ) was the first of the Ghassanid rulers. He was succeeded by his son Amr ibn Jafnah who converted to Christianity. Biography Family Jafnah is the son of the ancient Arabian king, Muzayqiya. His full lineage is given as ''Jafnah ibn 'Amr Muzayqiya ibn 'Amir Ma' as-Sama ibn Haritha ibn Imru' al-Qays ibn Tha'laba ibn Mazin ibn 'Azd'', connecting his lineage to the historic Azd tribal group. Jafnah had a brother named Tha'laba ibn 'Amr who would be the ancestor of the Aws and Khazraj tribes which dominated the Arabian city of Medina. Jafnah's son, 'Amr, became a Christian, and from there began the status of the Ghassanids as a Christian tribe and ruling dynasty. Rule The reign of Jafnah ibn 'Amr has been dated to 220–265 CE, somewhere in the 3rd century CE. Towards the end of this reign around 250 CE, Jafnah and his family may have migrated to Syria from Yemen as a result of the collapse of the Ma'rib Dam. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salihids
The Salīḥids (), also known simply as Salīḥ or by their royal house, the Zokomids (Arabic: ''Ḍajaʿima'') were the dominant Arab ''foederati'' of the Byzantine Empire in the 5th century. They succeeded the Tanukhids, who were dominant in the 4th century, and were in turn defeated and replaced by the Ghassanids in the early 6th century. The Salihids were originally concentrated in the Wadi Sirhan and Balqa regions of modern Jordan, but spread as far as northern Syria after entering the service of the Byzantine Empire. The Salihids were charged with collecting tax from Bedouins dwelling within the ''Limes Arabicus'' (Byzantine frontier with the Syrian and Arabian deserts) and protecting the frontier from Bedouin raiders. They were ardent Christians and at least one of their phylarchs and kings, Dawud, built a Christian monastery, Deir Dawud. Sources The Salihid period is far more obscure than the preceding Tanukhid period (4th century) and the later Ghassanid period (6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
