Ammonium Diethyldithiophosphate
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Ammonium Diethyldithiophosphate
Ammonium diethyl dithiophosphate or more systematically ammonium ''O'',''O''′-diethyl dithiophosphate, is the ammonium salt of diethyl dithiophosphoric acid. It is used as a source of the (C2H5O)2PS2− ligand for preparing dithiophosphate complexes. Some such complexes have use as oil additives. It can be obtained by the reaction of phosphorus pentasulfide with ethanol and ammonia. In crystal structure of this compound the ammonium cation is connected by four charge-assisted N—H···S hydrogen bonds to four tetrahedral diethyl dithiophosphate anions. See also * Dimethyl dithiophosphoric acid * Zinc dithiophosphate Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (often referred to as ZDDP) are a family of coordination compounds developed in the 1940s that feature zinc bound to the anion of a dialkyldithiophosphoric salt (e.g., ammonium diethyl dithiophosphate). These uncharge ... References {{Ammonium salts Phosphorothioates Ethyl esters Ammonium compounds ...
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Diethyl Dithiophosphoric Acid
Diethyl dithiophosphoric acid, sometimes mistakenly called diethyl dithiophosphate, is the organophosphorus compound with the formula (C2H5O)2PS2H. It is the processor for production of the organophosphate insecticide Terbufos. Although samples can appear dark, it is a colorless liquid.J. Svara, N. Weferling, T. Hofmann "Phosphorus Compounds, Organic" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2006. It is prepared by treating phosphorus pentasulfide with ethanol Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is an Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol, with its formula also written as , or EtOH, where Et is the ps ...: :P2S5 + 4 C2H5OH → 2 (C2H5O)2PS2H + H2S Reactions : Diethyl- and dimethyl dithiophosphoric acids react with bases. The results of this neutralization reaction are salts, e.g., ammonium diethyl dithiophosphate. Diethyl di ...
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Transition Metal Dithiophosphate Complex
Transition metal dithiophosphate complexes are coordination compounds containing dithiophosphate ligands, i.e. ligands of the formula (RO)2PS. The charge-neutral complexes tend to be soluble in organic solvents, especially when R is branched. Dithiophosphates are available with a wide variety of alkoxy groups. The range of complexes is similar to those for dithiocarbamate complexes. Important members are zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, which are oil additives. Preparation Dithiophosphate complexes are usually prepared by salt metathesis from preformed ligands. Dialkoxydithiophoric acid reacts with many metal oxides, chlorides, and acetates: : Alternatively, salts, such as ammonium diethyldithiophosphate, can be used to prepare complexes by salt metathesis reactions: : Dithiophosphate complexes have also be prepared by oxidative addition of their disulfides: : Ligand properties Dithiophosphates, when bidentate, are classified as L-X ligands in the Covalent bond classification ...
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Oil Additive
Oil additives are chemical compounds that improve the lubricant performance of base oil (or oil "base stock"). The manufacturer of many oils can use the same base stock for each formulation and can choose different additives for each use. Additives comprise up to 5% by weight of some oils.Thorsten Bartels et al. "Lubricants and Lubrication" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Weinheim. Nearly all commercial motor oils contain additives, whether the oils are synthetic oil, synthetic or petroleum based. Essentially, only the American Petroleum Institute (API) Service SA motor oils have no additives, and they are therefore incapable of protecting modern engines. The choice of additives is determined by the use, e.g. the oil for a diesel engine with fuel injection#Direct injection systems, direct injection in a pickup truck (API Service CJ-4) has different additives than the oil used in a small gasoline-powered outboard motor on a boat (2-cycle engine oil). Types ...
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Phosphorus Pentasulfide
Phosphorus pentasulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula (empirical) or ( molecular). This yellow solid is the one of two phosphorus sulfides of commercial value. Samples often appear greenish-gray due to impurities. It is soluble in carbon disulfide but reacts with many other solvents such as alcohols, DMSO, and DMF. Structure and synthesis Its tetrahedral molecular structure is similar to that of adamantane and almost identical to the structure of phosphorus pentoxide. Phosphorus pentasulfide is obtained by the reaction of liquid white phosphorus () with sulfur above 300 °C. The first synthesis of by Berzelius in 1843 was by this method. Alternatively, can be formed by reacting elemental sulfur or pyrite, , with ferrophosphorus, a crude form of (a byproduct of white phosphorus () production from phosphate rock): : : Applications Approximately 150,000 tons of are produced annually. The compound is mainly converted to other derivatives for us ...
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Ethanol
Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is an Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol, with its formula also written as , or EtOH, where Et is the pseudoelement symbol for ethyl group, ethyl. Ethanol is a Volatility (chemistry), volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like odor and pungent taste. As a psychoactive depressant, it is the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages, and the second most consumed drug globally behind caffeine. Ethanol is naturally produced by the fermentation process of sugars by yeasts or via petrochemical processes such as ethylene hydration. Historically it was used as a general anesthetic, and has modern medical applications as an antiseptic, disinfectant, solvent for some medications, and antidote for methanol poisoning and ethylene glycol poisoning. It is used as a chemical solvent and in the Chemical synthesis, synthesis of orga ...
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Ammonia
Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the chemical formula, formula . A Binary compounds of hydrogen, stable binary hydride and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinctive pungent smell. It is widely used in fertilizers, refrigerants, explosives, cleaning agents, and is a precursor for numeous chemicals. Biologically, it is a common nitrogenous waste, and it contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to fertilisers. Around 70% of ammonia produced industrially is used to make fertilisers in various forms and composition, such as urea and diammonium phosphate. Ammonia in pure form is also applied directly into the soil. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many chemicals. In many countries, it is classified as an List of extremely hazardous substances, extremely hazardous substance. Ammonia is toxic, cau ...
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Dimethyl Dithiophosphoric Acid
Dimethyl dithiophosphoric acid is the organophosphorus compound with the formula (CH3O)2PS2H. It is the processor for production of the organothiophosphate insecticide Malathion. Although samples can appear dark, the compound is a colorless, distillable liquid.J. Svara, N. Weferling, T. Hofmann "Phosphorus Compounds, Organic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2006. It is prepared by treating phosphorus pentasulfide with methanol: Lefferts, J. L.; Molloy, K. C.; Zuckerman, J. J.; Haiduc, I.; Guta, C.; Ruse, D., "Oxy and thio phosphorus acid derivatives of tin. 1. Triorganotin(IV) dithiophosphate esters", Inorganic Chemistry 1980, volume 19, 1662-1670. :P2S5 + 4 CH3OH → 2 (CH3O)2PS2H + H2S See also * Ammonium diethyl dithiophosphate * Diethyl dithiophosphoric acid Diethyl dithiophosphoric acid, sometimes mistakenly called diethyl dithiophosphate, is the organophosphorus compound with the formula (C2H5O)2PS2H. It is the proces ...
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Zinc Dithiophosphate
Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (often referred to as ZDDP) are a family of coordination compounds developed in the 1940s that feature zinc bound to the anion of a dialkyldithiophosphoric salt (e.g., ammonium diethyl dithiophosphate). These uncharged compounds are not salts. They are soluble in Chemical polarity, nonpolar solvents, and the longer-chain derivatives easily dissolve in mineral oil, mineral and synthetic oils used as lubricants. They come under CAS number . In aftermarket oil additives, the percentage of ZDDP ranges approximately between 2 and 15%. Zinc dithiophosphates have many names, including ZDDP, ZnDTP, and ZDP. Applications The main application of ZDDPs are as AW additive, anti-wear additives in lubricants including grease (lubricant), greases, hydraulic oils, and motor oils. ZDDPs also act as corrosion inhibitors and antioxidants. Concentrations in lubricants range from 600 ppm for modern, energy-conserving low-viscosity oils to 3000 ppm in some racing oils. I ...
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Ethyl Esters
Ethyl may refer to: Arts and entertainment *Ethyl Sinclair, a character in the ''Dinosaurs'' television show Science and technology * Ethyl group, an organic chemistry moiety * Ethyl alcohol (or ethanol) * Ethyl Corporation, a fuel additive company ** Tetraethyllead Tetraethyllead (commonly styled tetraethyl lead), abbreviated TEL, is an organolead compound with the formula lead, Pb(ethyl group, C2H5)4. It was widely used as a fuel additive for much of the 20th century, first being mixed with gasoline begi ...-treated gasoline See also * Ethel (other) {{disambiguation ...
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