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Amalgamation
Amalgamation is the process of combining or uniting multiple entities into one form. Amalgamation, amalgam, and other derivatives may refer to: Mathematics and science * Amalgam (chemistry), the combination of mercury with another metal ** Pan amalgamation, another extraction method with additional compound ** Patio process, the use of mercury amalgamation to extract silver * Amalgamation (geology), the creation of a stable continent or craton by the union of two terranes; see Tectonic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt * Amalgamation paradox in probability and statistics, also known as Simpson's paradox * Amalgamation property in model theory * Free product with amalgamation, in mathematics, especially group theory, an important construction Arts, entertainment, and media * Amalgamated Broadcasting System, a short-lived American radio network during the 1930s * Amalgamation (fiction), the concept of creating an element in a work of fiction by combining existing thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patio Process
The patio process is a process for extracting silver from ore. Smelting, or refining, was necessary because silver does not occur by itself in a natural state like some metals. Instead, it is made up of a larger ore body. Thus, smelting, or refining, is necessary to remove other byproducts to get at pure silver. The process, which uses mercury amalgamation to recover silver from ore, was reportedly invented by Bartolomé de Medina in Pachuca, Mexico, in 1554. It replaced smelting as the primary method of extracting silver from ore at Spanish colonies in the Americas. Although some knowledge of amalgamation techniques were likely known since the classical era, it was in the New World that it was first used on a large industrial scale. Other amalgamation processes were later developed, importantly the pan amalgamation process, and its variant, the Washoe process. The silver separation process generally differed from gold parting and gold extraction, although amalgamation with mercur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amalgamation Property
In the mathematical field of model theory, the amalgamation property is a property of collections of structures that guarantees, under certain conditions, that two structures in the collection can be regarded as substructures of a larger one. This property plays a crucial role in Fraïssé's theorem, which characterises classes of finite structures that arise as ages of countable homogeneous structures. The diagram of the amalgamation property appears in many areas of mathematical logic. Examples include in modal logic as an incestual accessibility relation, and in lambda calculus as a manner of reduction having the Church–Rosser property. Definition An ''amalgam'' can be formally defined as a 5-tuple (''A,f,B,g,C'') such that ''A,B,C'' are structures having the same signature, and ''f: A'' → ''B, g'': ''A'' → ''C'' are ''embeddings''. Recall that ''f: A'' → ''B'' is an ''embedding'' if ''f'' is an injective morphism which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merger (politics)
A merger, consolidation or amalgamation, in a political or administrative sense, is the combination of two or more political or administrative entities, such as municipalities (in other words cities, towns, etc.), counties, districts, etc., into a single entity. This term is used when the process occurs within a sovereign entity. Unbalanced growth or outward expansion of one neighbor may necessitate an administrative decision to merge (see urban sprawl). In some cases, common perception of continuity may be a factor in prompting such a process (see conurbation). Some cities (see below) that have gone through amalgamation or a similar process had several administrative sub-divisions or jurisdictions, each with a separate person in charge. Annexation is similar to amalgamation, but differs in being applied mainly to two cases: #The units joined are sovereign entities before the process, as opposed to being units of a single political entity. #A city's boundaries are expanded by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amalgam (chemistry)
An amalgam is an alloy of mercury with another metal. It may be a liquid, a soft paste or a solid, depending upon the proportion of mercury. These alloys are formed through metallic bonding, with the electrostatic attractive force of the conduction electrons working to bind all the positively charged metal ions together into a crystal lattice structure. Almost all metals can form amalgams with mercury, the notable exceptions being iron, platinum, tungsten, and tantalum. Silver-mercury amalgams are important in dentistry, and gold-mercury amalgam is used in the extraction of gold from ore. Dentistry has used alloys of mercury with metals such as silver, copper, indium, tin and zinc. Important amalgams Zinc amalgam Zinc amalgam finds use in organic synthesis (e.g., for the Clemmensen reduction). It is the reducing agent in the Jones reductor, used in analytical chemistry. Formerly the zinc plates of dry batteries were amalgamated with a small amount of mercury to pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amalgamation (race)
Miscegenation ( ) is the interbreeding of people who are considered to be members of different races. The word, now usually considered pejorative, is derived from a combination of the Latin terms ''miscere'' ("to mix") and ''genus'' ("race") from the Hellenic γένος. The word first appeared in '' Miscegenation: The Theory of the Blending of the Races, Applied to the American White Man and Negro'', a pretended anti-abolitionist pamphlet David Goodman Croly and others published anonymously in advance of the 1864 U.S. presidential election. The term came to be associated with laws that banned interracial marriage and sex, which were known as anti-miscegenation laws. Opposition to miscegenation, framed as preserving so-called racial purity, is a typical theme of racial supremacist movements. Although the notion that racial mixing is undesirable has arisen at different points in history, it gained particular prominence among white communities in United States during the colon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pan Amalgamation
The pan amalgamation process is a method to extract silver from ore, using salt and copper(II) sulfate in addition to mercury. The process was widely used from 1609 through the 19th century; it is no longer used. The patio process had been used to extract silver from ore since its invention in 1557. One drawback of the patio process was the long treatment time, usually weeks. Alvaro Alonso Barba invented the faster ''pan'' process (in Spanish the ''cazo'' or ''fondo'' process) in 1609 in Potosí, Bolivia, in which ore was mixed with salt and mercury (and sometimes copper(II) sulfate) and heated in shallow copper vessels. The treatment time was reduced to 10 to 20 hours. Whether patio or pan amalgamation was used at a particular location often depended on climate (warmer conditions speeded the patio process) and the availability and cost of fuel to heat the pans. The amount of salt and copper(II) sulfate varied from one-quarter to ten pounds of one or the other, or both, per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amalgamation (geology)
Amalgamation is the process of combining or uniting multiple entities into one form. Amalgamation, amalgam, and other derivatives may refer to: Mathematics and science * Amalgam (chemistry), the combination of mercury with another metal **Pan amalgamation, another extraction method with additional compound **Patio process, the use of mercury amalgamation to extract silver * Amalgamation (geology), the creation of a stable continent or craton by the union of two terranes; see Tectonic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt * Amalgamation paradox in probability and statistics, also known as Simpson's paradox * Amalgamation property in model theory * Free product with amalgamation, in mathematics, especially group theory, an important construction Arts, entertainment, and media * Amalgamated Broadcasting System, a short-lived American radio network during the 1930s * Amalgamation (fiction), the concept of creating an element in a work of fiction by combining existing things * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Product With Amalgamation
In mathematics, specifically group theory, the free product is an operation that takes two groups ''G'' and ''H'' and constructs a new The result contains both ''G'' and ''H'' as subgroups, is generated by the elements of these subgroups, and is the “ universal” group having these properties, in the sense that any two homomorphisms from ''G'' and ''H'' into a group ''K'' factor uniquely through a homomorphism from to ''K''. Unless one of the groups ''G'' and ''H'' is trivial, the free product is always infinite. The construction of a free product is similar in spirit to the construction of a free group (the universal group with a given set of generators). The free product is the coproduct in the category of groups. That is, the free product plays the same role in group theory that disjoint union plays in set theory, or that the direct sum plays in module theory. Even if the groups are commutative, their free product is not, unless one of the two groups is the tri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amalgamation (business)
In business, consolidation or amalgamation is the merger and acquisition of many smaller companies into a few much larger ones. In the context of financial accounting, ''consolidation'' refers to the aggregation of financial statements of a group company as consolidated financial statements. The taxation term of consolidation refers to the treatment of a group of companies and other entities as one entity for tax purposes. Under the Halsbury's Laws of England, 'amalgamation' is defined as "a blending together of two or more undertakings into one undertaking, the shareholders of each blending company, becoming, substantially, the shareholders of the blended undertakings. There may be amalgamations, either by transfer of two or more undertakings to a new company or the transfer of one or more companies to an existing company". Overview Consolidation is the practice, in business, of legally combining two or more organizations into a single new one. Upon consolidation, the ori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tectonic Evolution Of The Barberton Greenstone Belt
The Barberton greenstone belt (BGB) is located in the Kapvaal craton of southeastern Africa. It characterizes one of the most well-preserved and oldest pieces of continental crust today by containing rocks in the Barberton Granite Greenstone Terrain (3.55–3.22 Ga). The BGB is a small, cusp-shaped succession of volcanic and sedimentary rocks, surrounded on all sides by granitoid plutons which range in age from >3547 to 3547 to ~3260 Ma and is over 10 km thick. The Fig Tree Group was deposited between ~3260 and 3225 Ma. It is defined as a transitional unit of interlayered volcanic clasts and land derived sediments that were eroded from the underlying greenstone succession. The Moodies Group, post-3225 Ma, is a combination of sandstone and conglomerate originating from the erosion of the underlying greenstone unit and the uplifted plutonic rocks. Structure The structural pattern within the region shows a series of anticlines and synclines that plunge to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amalgamated (organization Name)
In the business world, amalgamated refers to an organization that has undergone consolidation (also known as amalgamation). Amalgamated organizations may use "amalgamated" in their name to signify that it is the amalgamation of its component companies or trade unions. North America * Amalgamated Bank, a union-owned bank based in New York City * Amalgamated Bank of Chicago, a bank founded in 1923 by the ACWA and now owned by UNITE HERE * Amalgamated Lithographers of America * Amalgamated Sugar Company * Amalgamated Transit Union, a United States and Canada based union * Amalgamated Advertising * Dominica Amalgamated Workers' Union * Amalgamated Workers Union, a trade union in Trinidad and Tobago Since disbanded or further amalgamated * Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, a historical trade union * Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America * Amalgamated Machinery Corporation, manufacturers of the '' Amalgamated'' * Amalgamated Meat Cutters, a North American ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amalgamation (land)
Amalgamation in English and Welsh land law is a simple process carried out in registered land. It combines neighbouring parcels (holdings) of land which are freehold. In leasehold land interests (which can be at any storey) respective surrenders and a new combined lease followed by its registration instead is the process used: combination of leases — this can also be called the surrender and regrant involving more than one surrender. Statute and regulations A small fee is payable to HM Land Registry rule 3 of the Land Registration Rules 2003 for amalgamation or subdivision. Effects A single title with a larger plot shown in its associated title plan results. It avoids: *Duplication of data. *The risk of a part of the land being forgotten in a mortgage or sale. *Inappropriate boundary features (fences/railings) being inadvertently kept/installed on the ground between two parcels in common ownership. It enables: *New geometric subdivision of the land (sometimes called s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
