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Amable Liñán
Amable Liñán Martínez (born 1934 in Noceda de Cabrera, Castrillo de Cabrera, León, Spain) is a Spanish aeronautical engineer working in the field of combustion. Biography He holds a PhD in Aeronautical Engineering from the Technical University of Madrid, advised by Gregorio Millán Barbany and Degree of Aeronautical Engineer from the Caltech advised by Frank E. Marble. He is currently Professor of Fluid Mechanics and professor emeritus at the Higher Technical School of Aeronautical Engineers of the Polytechnic University of Madrid (attached to the Department of Motorcycle and Thermofluidodynamics of said school). He has taught at universities in California, Michigan and Princeton University in the United States and in Marseilles in France, among others. Since 1997 he is an adjunct professor at Yale University. Research He has focused his research studies on the basic problems of combustion, both reactor and planetary probe dynamics, in the latter case working directl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Most Excellent
The Most Excellent ( (male) or (female), literally "Most Excellent Lord/Lady") is an honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain people in Spain and certain Spanish-speaking countries. Following Spanish tradition, it is an '' ex officio'' style (the holder has it as long as they remain in office, in the most important positions of state) and is used in written documents and very formal occasions. The prefix is similar (but not equal) to that of " His/Her Excellency", but in the 19th century "The Most Excellent" began to replace the former. The use of the prefix Excellency was re-introduced in Francoist Spain by '' Generalísimo'' Francisco Franco himself, who was formally styled as '' Su Excelencia el Jefe del Estado'' ("His Excellency the Head of State"), while his ministers and senior government officials continued using the prefix "The Most Excellent". The prefix " The Most Illustrious" (''Ilustrísimo/a Señor/a)'' is the lower version, and is mostly used for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liñán's Diffusion Flame Theory
Liñán diffusion flame theory is a theory developed by Amable Liñán in 1974 to explain the diffusion flame structure using activation energy asymptotics and Damköhler number asymptotics.Liñán, A., Martínez-Ruiz, D., Vera, M., & Sánchez, A. L. (2017). The large-activation-energy analysis of extinction of counterflow diffusion flames with non-unity Lewis numbers of the fuel. Combustion and Flame, 175, 91-106. Liñán used counterflowing jets of fuel and oxidizer to study the diffusion flame structure, analyzing for the entire range of Damköhler number. His theory predicted four different types of flame structure as follows, * ''Nearly-frozen ignition regime'', where deviations from the frozen flow conditions are small (no reaction sheet exist in this regime), * ''Partial burning regime'', where both fuel and oxidizer cross the reaction zone and enter into the frozen flow on other side, * ''Premixed flame regime'', where only one of the reactants cross the reaction zone, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norbert Peters (engineer)
Norbert Peters (10 July 1942 – 4 July 2015) was a professor at RWTH Aachen University, Germany and one of the world-wide authorities in the field of combustion engineering. He headed the '' Institut für Technische Verbrennung ''(Institute for Combustion Technology). Education and career Born in Linz, Austria, he was educated at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and later at the Technische Universität Berlin. He worked in Rourkela Steel Plant for six months. Peters's primary research interest was in the field of combustion science, especially turbulent flames. The interaction between turbulence and combustion constituted an important part of his research. He was author of the book titled ''Turbulent Combustion'', a monograph with excellent but challenging insights on the advances, problems, and active research in the field of combustion in turbulent flow media. He was well known for his ideas on the Laminar flamelet model in turbulent combustion as well as for the syste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Academy Of Engineering
The National Academy of Engineering (NAE) is an American Nonprofit organization, nonprofit, NGO, non-governmental organization. It is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), along with the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and the National Academy of Medicine (NAM). The NAE operates engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. New members are annually elected by current members, based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research. The NAE is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the rest of the National Academies the role of advising the federal government. History The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine#History, National Academy of Sciences was created by an Act of Incorporation dated March 3, 1863, which was signed by then president of the United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caltech
The California Institute of Technology (branded as Caltech) is a private university, private research university in Pasadena, California, United States. The university is responsible for many modern scientific advancements and is among a small group of Institute of Technology (United States), institutes of technology in the United States that are devoted to the instruction of pure and applied sciences. The institution was founded as a preparatory and vocational school by Amos G. Throop in 1891 and began attracting influential scientists such as George Ellery Hale, Arthur Amos Noyes, and Robert Andrews Millikan in the early 20th century. The vocational and preparatory schools were disbanded and spun off in 1910, and the college assumed its present name in 1920. In 1934, Caltech was elected to the Association of American Universities, and the antecedents of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which Caltech continues to manage and operate, were established between 1936 and 1943 under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edge Flame
A flame () is the visible, gaseous part of a fire. It is caused by a highly exothermic chemical reaction made in a thin zone. When flames are hot enough to have ionized gaseous components of sufficient density, they are then considered plasma. Mechanism Color and temperature of a flame are dependent on the type of fuel involved in the combustion. For example, when a lighter is held to a candle, the applied heat causes the fuel molecules in the candle wax to vaporize. In this state they can then readily react with oxygen in the air, which gives off enough heat in the subsequent exothermic reaction to vaporize yet more fuel, thus sustaining a consistent flame. The high temperature of the flame causes the vaporized fuel molecules to decompose, forming various incomplete combustion products and free radicals, and these products then react with each other and with the oxidizer involved in the reaction of the following flame (fire). One may investigate different parts of a candle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zeldovich–Liñán–Dold Model
In combustion, Zeldovich–Liñán–Dold model or ZLD model or ZLD mechanism is a two-step reaction model for the combustion processes, named after Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich, Amable Liñán and John W. Dold. The model includes a chain-branching and a chain-breaking (or radical recombination) reaction. The model was first introduced by Zeldovich in 1948, later analysed by Liñán using activation energy asymptotics in 1971 and later refined by John W. Dold in the 2000s.Dold, J. W. (2007). Premixed flames modelled with thermally sensitive intermediate branching kinetics. Combustion Theory and Modelling, 11(6), 909-948. The ZLD mechanism mechanism reads as :\begin \rm & \quad \rm + \rm \rightarrow 2\rm \\ \rm & \quad \rm + \rm \rightarrow \rm +\rm +\rm \end where \rm is the fuel, \rm is an intermediate radical, \rm is the third body and \rm is the product. This mechanism exhibits a ''linear or first-order recombination''. The model originally studied before Dold's refinement per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZFK Equation
ZFK equation, abbreviation for Zeldovich–Frank-Kamenetskii equation, is a reaction–diffusion equation that models premixed flame propagation. The equation is named after Yakov Zeldovich and David A. Frank-Kamenetskii who derived the equation in 1938. The equation is analogous to KPP equation except that is contains an exponential behaviour for the reaction term and it differs fundamentally from KPP equation with regards to the propagation velocity of the traveling wave. In non-dimensional form, the equation reads \frac = \frac + \omega(\theta) with a typical form for \omega given by \omega = \frac \theta(1-\theta) e^ where \theta \in ,1/math> is the non-dimensional dependent variable (typically temperature) and \beta is the Zeldovich number. In the ZFK regime, \beta \gg 1. The equation reduces to Fisher's equation for \beta \ll 1 and thus \beta\ll 1 corresponds to KPP regime. The minimum propagation velocity U_ (which is usually the long time asymptotic speed) of a trav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liñán's Flame Speed
In combustion, Liñán's flame speed provides the estimate of the upper limit for edge-flame propagation velocity, when the flame curvature is small. The formula is named after Amable Liñán. When the flame thickness is much smaller than the mixing-layer thickness through which the edge flame is propagating, a flame speed can be defined as the propagating speed of the flame front with respect to a region far ahead of the flame. For small flame curvatures ( flame stretch), each point of the flame front propagates at a laminar planar premixed speed S_L that depends on a local equivalence ratio \phi just ahead of the flame. However, the flame front as a whole do not propagate at a speed S_L since the mixture ahead of the flame front undergoes thermal expansion due to the heating by the flame front, that aids the flame front to propagate faster with respect to the region far ahead from the flame front. Liñán estimated the edge flame speed to be: :\frac \sim \left(\frac\right)^, where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
D-square Law
The d-square law or d^2-law is a relationship between diameter and time for an isolated, spherical droplet when it evaporates quasi-steadily, which was first observed by Boris Sreznevsky in 1882, and was explained by Irving Langmuir in 1918. If d(t) and t are the droplet diameter and time, then d^2-law pertains to the relationWilliams, F. A. (2018). Combustion theory. CRC Press. Chapter 3 :d_0^2 - d^2 = K (t-t_0), where t_0 is the initial time, d_0=d(t_0) is the initial droplet diameter and K is called the evaporation constant. Crespo–Liñán correction Crespo–Liñán correction refers to a small correction of the order 1/\sqrt to the d-square law in terms of the small parameter \varepsilon = \rho_g/\rho_l\ll 1, the ratio of gas to liquid density. Antonio Crespo and Amable Liñán Amable Liñán Martínez (born 1934 in Noceda de Cabrera, Castrillo de Cabrera, León, Spain) is a Spanish aeronautical engineer working in the field of combustion. Biography He holds a Ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shvab–Zeldovich Formulation
The Shvab–Zeldovich formulation is an approach to remove the chemical-source terms from the conservation equations for energy and chemical species by linear combinations of independent variables, when the conservation equations are expressed in a common form. Expressing conservation equations in common form often limits the range of applicability of the formulation. The method was first introduced by V. A. Shvab in 1948 and by Yakov Zeldovich in 1949. Method For simplicity, assume combustion takes place in a single global irreversible reaction \sum_^N \nu_i' \real_i \rightarrow \sum_^N \nu_i'' \real_i where \real_i is the ith chemical species of the total N species and \nu_i' and \nu_i'' are the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and products, respectively. Then, it can be shown from the law of mass action that the rate of moles produced per unit volume of any species \omega is constant and given by \omega = \frac where w_i is the mass of species i produced or consum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
