|
Alternative DNS Root
The Internet uses the Domain Name System (DNS) to associate numeric computer IP addresses with human-readable names. The top level of the domain name hierarchy, the DNS root, contains the top-level domains that appear as the suffixes of all Internet domain names. The most widely used (and first) DNS root is administered by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). In addition, several organizations operate alternative DNS roots, often referred to as alt roots. These alternative domain name systems operate their own root name servers and commonly administer their own specific name spaces consisting of custom top-level domains. The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) has spoken out strongly against alternative roots in . Overview The DNS root zone consists of pointers to the authoritative domain name servers for all top-level domains (TLDs). The root zone is hosted on a collection of root servers operated by several organizations around the world that all use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internet
The Internet (or internet) is the Global network, global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a internetworking, network of networks that consists of Private network, private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, Wireless network, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the interlinked hypertext documents and Web application, applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), email, electronic mail, internet telephony, streaming media and file sharing. The origins of the Internet date back to research that enabled the time-sharing of computer resources, the development of packet switching in the 1960s and the design of computer networks for data communication. The set of rules (communication protocols) to enable i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blockchain
The blockchain is a distributed ledger with growing lists of Record (computer science), records (''blocks'') that are securely linked together via Cryptographic hash function, cryptographic hashes. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a Trusted timestamping, timestamp, and transaction data (generally represented as a Merkle tree, where Node (computer science), data nodes are represented by leaves). Since each block contains information about the previous block, they effectively form a ''chain'' (compare linked list data structure), with each additional block linking to the ones before it. Consequently, blockchain transactions are resistant to alteration because, once recorded, the data in any given block cannot be changed retroactively without altering all subsequent blocks and obtaining network consensus to accept these changes. Blockchains are typically managed by a peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer (P2P) computer network for use as a public distributed led ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow Internet Exchange
MSK-IX (Moscow Internet eXchange) is an Internet eXchange Point (IXP) with headquarters in Moscow, Russia. With over 549 connected networks and 7,7 Tbps of peak traffic (February 2025), MSK-IX is one of the world's largest IXPs. According to the Internet Exchange Report by Hurricane Electric Internet Services, MSK-IX is the largest IXP in Russia and 17th largest in the world by the numbers of members. MSK-IX operates Internet eXchanges (IXes) in 9 cities: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Rostov-on-Don, Stavropol, Samara, Kazan, Ekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Vladivostok and maintains an access PoP in Riga (Latvia). MSK-IX operates a distributed DNS platform, which provides authoritative name servers for the country-code top-level domains ( ccTLDs) .RU and .РФ for Russia. Also it operates alternative DNS root servers of Russian National Domain Name System for Roskomnadzor due to ( Sovereign Internet Law). History MSK-IX was founded in 1995 pursuant to the treaty signed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Service For Supervision Of Communications, Information Technology And Mass Media
The Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media, abbreviated as ''Roskomnadzor'' (RKN), is the Russian federal executive agency responsible for monitoring, controlling and censoring Russian mass media. Its areas of responsibility include electronic media, mass communications, information technology and telecommunications, supervising compliance with the law, protecting the confidentiality of personal data being processed, and organizing the work of the radio-frequency service. History In March 2007, the authority—then a subdivision of the Cultural Ministry of Russia called "Russian Federal Surveillance Service for Compliance with the Legislation in Mass Media and Cultural Heritage Protection" (''Rosokhrankultura'')—warned the '' Kommersant'' newspaper that it should not mention the National Bolshevik Party on its pages, as the party had been denied official registration. The Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Telecom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IPv9 (China)
In 2004, news reports emerged that China was developing a new "IPv9" technology to replace the existing Internet Protocol. This appears to have been a proposal to link Internet addressing with Chinese 10-digit telephone numbers. The protocol was a research project of the Institute of Chemical Engineering (Shanghai), and there was little evidence that it gained any real-world adoption. A small number of papers and patents have been published which refer to IPv9 addressing. Proponents of the scheme say that it promotes digital sovereignty, and is superior to IPv6 in that it will allow every living cell to be assigned its own IPv9 address. The Chinese IPv9 proposal is distinct from RFC 1347, "TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses (TUBA)", a proposal for network address extension using CLNP which was provisionally assigned the Internet Protocol version number 9, and RFC 1606, an April Fools' Day Request for Comments that describes a fictional IPv9 protocol that featured a vast address ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internet Of Things
Internet of things (IoT) describes devices with sensors, processing ability, software and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other communication networks. The IoT encompasses Electronic engineering, electronics, Telecommunications engineering, communication, and computer science engineering. "Internet of things" has been considered a misnomer because devices do not need to be connected to the public internet; they only need to be connected to a network and be individually addressable. The field has evolved due to the convergence of multiple technologies, including ubiquitous computing, commodity sensors, and increasingly powerful embedded systems, as well as machine learning.Hu, J.; Niu, H.; Carrasco, J.; Lennox, B.; Arvin, F.,Fault-tolerant cooperative navigation of networked UAV swarms for forest fire monitoring Aerospace Science and Technology, 2022. . Older fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor netw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IPv6
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communication protocol, communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet. IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion, and was intended to replace IPv4. In December 1998, IPv6 became a Draft Standard for the IETF, which subsequently ratified it as an Internet Standard on 14 July 2017. Devices on the Internet are assigned a unique IP address for identification and location definition. With the rapid growth of the Internet after commercialization in the 1990s, it became evident that far more addresses would be needed to connect devices than the 4,294,967,296 (232) IPv4 address space had available. By 1998, the IETF had formalized the successor protocol, IPv6 which uses 128-bit addresses, theoretically all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
InterNIC
InterNIC, known as the Network Information Center (NIC) until 1993, was the organization primarily responsible for Domain Name System (DNS) domain name allocations and X.500 directory services. From its inception in 1972 until October 1, 1991, it was run by the Stanford Research Institute, now known as SRI International, and led by Jake Feinler. From October 1991 until September 18, 1998, it was run by Network Solutions. Thereafter, the responsibility was assumed by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). It was accessed through the domain name internic.net, with email, FTP and World Wide Web services run at various times by SRI, Network Solutions, Inc., and AT&T. This website is still active today, operated by ICANN, and currently provides reference documents and information related to domain registration. The InterNIC also coordinated the IP address space, including performing IP address management for North America prior to the formation of A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domain Name System Security Extensions
The Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) is a suite of Extension Mechanisms for DNS, extension specifications by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for securing data exchanged in the Domain Name System (DNS hijacking, DNS) in Internet Protocol (IPv6, IP) Networks and States, networks. The protocol provides message authentication, cryptographic authentication of data, SOCKS, authenticated denial of existence, and data Information_security#Integrity, integrity, but not Information_security#Availability, availability or Information_security#Confidentiality, confidentiality. Overview The original design of the Domain Name System did not include any security features. It was conceived only as a scalable distributed system. The Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) attempt to add security, while maintaining backward compatibility. of 2004 documents some of the known threats to the DNS, and their solutions in DNSSEC. DNSSEC was designed to protect applicatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Authoritative Name Server
A name server is a computer application that implements a network service for providing responses to queries against a directory service. It translates an often humanly meaningful, text-based identifier to a system-internal, often numeric identification or addressing component. This service is performed by the server in response to a service protocol request. An example of a name server is the server component of the Domain Name System (DNS), one of the two principal namespaces of the Internet. The most important function of DNS servers is the translation (resolution) of human-memorable domain names and hostnames into the corresponding numeric Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, the second principal name space of the Internet which is used to identify and locate computer systems and resources on the Internet. Domain name server The Internet maintains two principal namespaces: the domain name hierarchyRFC 1034, ''Domain Names—Concepts and Facilities'', P. Mockapetris, The Int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resource Record
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and distributed name service that provides a naming system for computers, services, and other resources on the Internet or other Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It associates various information with ''domain names'' (identification strings) assigned to each of the associated entities. Most prominently, it translates readily memorized domain names to the numerical IP addresses needed for locating and identifying computer services and devices with the underlying network protocols. The Domain Name System has been an essential component of the functionality of the Internet since 1985. The Domain Name System delegates the responsibility of assigning domain names and mapping those names to Internet resources by designating authoritative name servers for each domain. Network administrators may delegate authority over subdomains of their allocated name space to other name servers. This mechanism provides distributed and fault-toleran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
