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Almodis De La Marche
Almodis de la Marche ( 1020 – 16 October 1071) was a French noble famed for her marriages. She and her third husband, Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona, with whom she committed double bigamy in 1053, were excommunicated by the Pope. Life Almodis was the daughter of Count Bernard I of Marche and wife Amélie. She married Hugh V of Lusignan around 1038 and they had two sons and one daughter. Almodis and Hugh of Lusignan divorced due to consanguinity. She later, with Hugh's assistance, married Count Pons of Toulouse in 1040. Almodis was still Pons' wife in April 1053, when she was abducted by Count Ramon Berenguer I of Barcelona. He kidnapped her from Narbonne with the aid of a fleet sent north by his ally, the Muslim emir of Tortosa. They married immediately (despite the fact both of her previous husbands were still alive) and they appear with their twin sons in a charter the next year. Pope Victor II excommunicated Almodis and Ramon for this illegal marriage until 1056 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond Of Cerdagne
Raymond is a male given name of Germanic origin. It was borrowed into English from French (older French spellings were Reimund and Raimund, whereas the modern English and French spellings are identical). It originated as the Germanic ᚱᚨᚷᛁᚾᛗᚢᚾᛞ (''Raginmund'') or ᚱᛖᚷᛁᚾᛗᚢᚾᛞ (''Reginmund''). ''Ragin'' ( Gothic) and ''regin'' (Old German) meant "counsel". The Old High German ''mund'' originally meant "hand", but came to mean "protection". This etymology suggests that the name originated in the Early Middle Ages, possibly from Latin. Alternatively, the name can also be derived from Germanic Hraidmund, the first element being ''Hraid'', possibly meaning "fame" (compare ''Hrod'', found in names such as Robert, Roderick, Rudolph, Roland, Rodney and Roger) and ''mund'' meaning "protector". Despite the German and French origins of the English name, some of its early uses in English documents appear in Latinized form. As a surname, its first recorded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Raymundi
Peter Raymundi, or Pere-Ramon (c. 1050-?) was the heir of Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona and his first wife, Isabela Trencavel, daughter of Count Sancho of Gascony, known for the murder of his stepmother, Almodis de la Marche in October 1071. Raymundi was apparently concerned about Almodis' influence and worried she was trying to replace him, but was disinherited and exiled for his crime. Penance In 1073 the Roman cardinals, at the behest of Gregory VII, sentenced Raymundi to an abnormal penance that both fit the political situation, and demonstrated Gregory's stance on harsh penance. Raymundi's 24 year penance consisted of an inability to bear arms, rather than a more usual demand to join a monastery, or go on a pilgrimage. One facet was that he "should on no account carry military arms, except in two contingencies: to defend himself against enemies, and to ride to battle against the Saracens". Raymundi had no one to fight but the Muslims, and in the interest of maintainin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1071 Deaths
Year 1071 ( MLXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * August 26 – Battle of Manzikert: The Byzantine army (35,000 men) under Emperor Romanos IV meets the Seljuk Turk forces of Sultan Alp Arslan near the town of Manzikert. Although the armies are initially evenly matched, as the Byzantines advance, the Seljuk Turks withdraw before them, launching hit-and-run attacks on the Byzantine flanks. While attempting to withdraw, the Byzantine army falls apart, either through treachery or confusion; the battle ends in a decisive defeat for the Byzantine Empire. Romanos is captured (though released by Alp Arslan within a week) and much of the elite Varangian Guard is destroyed; this will prove catastrophic for the Byzantine Empire. * October 24 – Romanos IV is deposed by John Doukas (Caesar) and his political advisor Michael Psellos after his return to Constantinople. Michael VII Doukas is crowned co-emper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1020s Births
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People Excommunicated By The Catholic Church
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation. Concepts Legal Chapter One, Article One of the Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination. Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Indigenous peoples (''peoples'', as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in ''indigenous people''), does not automatically provide for independent sovereignty and therefore secession. Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings identified the inherent problems in the right of "peoples" to self-determination, as i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11th-century Catalan People
The 11th century is the period from 1001 (represented by the Roman numerals MI) through 1100 (MC) in accordance with the Julian calendar, and the 1st century of the 2nd millennium. In the history of Europe, this period is considered the early part of the High Middle Ages. There was, after a brief ascendancy, a sudden decline of Byzantine Empire, Byzantine power and a rise of Normans, Norman domination over much of Europe, along with the prominent role in Europe of notably influential popes. Christendom experienced a formal schism in this century which had been developing over previous centuries between the Latin West and Byzantine East, causing a split in its two largest denominations to this day: Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. In Song dynasty China and the Islamic Golden Age, classical Islamic world, this century marked the high point for both classical History of science and technology in China, Chinese civilization, science and Technology of the Song dynasty, techn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Countesses Of Barcelona
Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1992. p. 73. . Especially in earlier medieval periods the term often implied not only a certain status, but also that the ''count'' had specific responsibilities or offices. The etymologically related English term "county" denoted the territories associated with some countships, but not all. The title of ''count'' is typically not used in England or English-speaking countries, and the term ''earl'' is used instead. A female holder of the title is still referred to as a ''countess'', however. Origin of the term The word ''count'' came into English from the French ', itself from Latin '—in its accusative form ''comitem''. It meant "companion" or "attendant", and as a title it indicated that someone was delegated to re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Countesses Of Toulouse
Visigothic queens in Toulouse Countess consort of Toulouse Early Frankish countesses Senior House of Rouergue, 844–1105 Junior House of Rouergue, 1105–1271 Montfort-l'Amaury, House of Montfort, 1215–1224 :''in opposition with the House of Rouergue.'' House of Bourbon, 1681–1821 :''Passed to the House of Orléans on the death of Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon and remain unused amongst the Orleanist pretenders.'' MacCarthy Reagh, 1776–1906 :''referred to as Countess MacCarthy of the City of Toulouse rather than Countess of Toulouse'' See also * List of Aquitainian consorts * Countess of Tripoli * List of consorts of Provence * Duchess of Narbonne Notes {{DEFAULTSORT:Toulousain consorts Countesses of Toulouse, Lists of countesses, Toulouse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillermo Ramon I Of Cerdagne
William I Raymond (; ) (1068–1095) was the count of Cerdanya and Berga from the year of his birth till that of his death, giving up Berga a year earlier to his son William-Jordan. He was the son of Raymond I of Cerdanya, who died a short while after his birth. He married Sancha, daughter of Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona, while they were both very young. William became the tutor of his nephew, the future Ramon Berenguer III. He took an interest in repopulating parts of his domain and promulgated the charter to the people of Villafranca. In 1082, he fought on the losing side in the Battle of Almenar. In 1094, he granted Berga to his sons and the elder, William, inherited Cerdanya when he died the next year. Issue * William II Jordan, Count of Cerdanya. * Bernard, Count of Cerdanya. External linksImage of a miniature from the ''Liber feudorum Ceritaniae'', depicting a convention between Folch, Bishop of Urgell The Diocese of Urgell (; ) is a Latin Church dioces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guigues II Of Albon
Guigues II d'Albon, known as the ''Fat'' (Pinguis), born around 1025 and died around 1079, was count in Grésivaudan and Briançonnais from 1070 to 1079, count of Albon in 1079. He came from the House of Albon. During this time these areas were in the Kingdom of Arles which was part of the Holy Roman Empire from 1033. He bears the cognomen “le Gras”, (Guigo Pinguis or Guigo Crassus). The numbering of the Guigonides in the House of Albon is different according to the references. Biography Guigues was born, around the 1025 or 1032. He was the son of Guigues I of Albon and Adelaide (Adelsindis/Adalsendis) from 1035 to 1052. A tradition, taken up in particular by the Europäische Stammtafeln, indicates that she could be Adelaide of Turin, daughter of Count Humbert "with White Hands", established in Maurienne, but this fact is not based on a known act. He had properties in Albon, in Grésivaudan around Grenoble (Cornillon, Oriol, Varces) as well as in Briançon. At that time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramon Berenguer II, Count Of Barcelona
Ramon Berenguer II ''the Towhead'' or ''Cap de estopes'' (1053 or 1054 – December 5, 1082) was Count of Barcelona from 1076 until his death. He was the son of Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona, and Almodis de La Marche. The '' Chronicle of San Juan de la Pena'' called him, "… exceeding brave and bold, kind, pleasant, pious, joyful, generous, and of an attractive appearance". Because of the extremely thick hair he had on top of his head, he was known as Cap d'Estop." He succeeded his father as co-ruler with his twin brother, Berenguer Ramon II in 1075. The twins failed to agree and divided their possessions between them, against the will of their late father. Ramon Berenguer the Towhead, so called because of the thickness and colour of his hair, was killed while hunting in the woods in 1082. His brother, who went on to become the sole ruler of Catalonia, was credited by popular opinion of having orchestrated this murder. Berenguer Ramon II ''the Fratricide'' was later su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berenguer Ramon II, Count Of Barcelona
Berenguer Ramon II "the Fratricide" (1053/54 – 1097/99) was count of Barcelona from 1076 to 1097. He was the son of Ramon Berenguer I and Almodis of La Marche, and initially ruled jointly with his twin brother Ramon Berenguer II. Life Born in 1053 or 1054, Berenguer Ramon succeeded his father Ramon Berenguer I "the Old" in 1076 to co-rule with his twin brother Ramon Berenguer II. The twins failed to cooperate, leading Pope Gregory VII to appeal for their reconciliation in 1079. The Catalonian possessions were divided between them, against the will of their late father, and it was agreed that the brothers would alternate their residence at the palace in Barcelona every six months. When the first agreement inevitably fell through, a second was reached in December of 1080. Ramon Berenguer II was killed two years later while hunting in the woods on 5 December 1082. Berenguer Ramon II, who became the sole ruler of Catalonia for the next four years, was popularly suspected of or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
