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Ali Padshah
Ali Padshah (died July 24, 1336) was a Mongol emir of Ilkhanate, leader of the Oirats, governor of Diyarbakir, and later a kingmaker. Early years and background He came from a powerful Oirat family who established good connections with Borjigids, especially the Hulagu Khan's family. His father Chechek (or Chichak) a ''mingghan'' commander under Gaykhatu, Baydu, Ghazan and Öljaitü. His mother Tödögech (or Todoqaj) was a daughter of Hulagu, who earlier married to Chechek's father Sulamish and grandfather Tengiz. Tengiz was described as a relative of Qutuqa Beki, however exact degree of kinship is unknown. Ali Padshah had at least two brothers: Muhammad beg and Hafez. His sister Hajji Khatun was married to Öljaitü, giving birth to his son Abu Said Bahadur. Sources first mention Ali Padshah as a young soldier in Öljaitü's Gilan campaign of 1307, fighting under Uyghur emir Sevinch. He also participated in Siege of Al-Rahba in 1313. Later, he was ordered to accompany his n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governor
A governor is an politician, administrative leader and head of a polity or Region#Political regions, political region, in some cases, such as governor-general, governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the type of political region or polity, a ''governor'' may be either appointed or elected, and the governor's powers can vary significantly, depending on the public laws in place locally. The adjective pertaining to a governor is gubernatorial, from the Latin root ''gubernare''. In a federated state, the governor may serve as head of state and head of government for their regional polity, while still operating under the laws of the federation, which has its own head of state for the entire federation. Ancient empires Pre-Roman empires Though the legal and administrative framework of provinces, each administered by a governor, was created by the ancient Rome, Romans, the term ''governor'' has been a convenient term for historians to describe si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hulegu Khan
Hulegu Khan, also known as Hülegü or Hulagu; ; ; ; ( 8 February 1265), was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Western Asia. As a son of Tolui and the Keraite princess Sorghaghtani Beki, he was a grandson of Genghis Khan and brother of Ariq Böke, Möngke Khan, and Kublai Khan. Hulegu's army greatly expanded the southwestern portion of the Mongol Empire, founding the Ilkhanate in Persia. Under Hulegu's leadership, the Mongols sacked and destroyed Baghdad, ending the Islamic Golden Age and the Abbasid dynasty. They also weakened Damascus, causing a shift of Islamic influence to the Mamluk Sultanate in Cairo. Background Hulegu was born to Tolui, one of Genghis Khan's sons, and Sorghaghtani Beki, an influential Keraite princess and a niece of Toghrul in 1217. Not much is known of Hulegu's childhood except of an anecdote given in Jami' al-Tawarikh and he once met his grandfather Genghis Khan with Kublai in 1224. Military campaigns Hulegu's brother Möngke Khan ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qurumushi
Qurumushi or Qurmushi was an Ilkhanate commander of Keraite origin who served as Mongol viceroy of Georgia. Early life He was from Tongqayit clan of Keraite tribe who migrated from Mongolia accompanying Hulagu's army. His grandfather Tügür was Hulagu's scribe, member of keshig and a commander, while his great-grandfather Quyidu served Genghis Khan and Ong Khan. His father Alinaq served Ahmad Tekuder as his commander-in-chief and was also his son-in-law. He had two brothers as well. Qurumushi was a member of the force tasked by Tekuder with severing the connection between princes Arghun and Qonqurtay in 1284. He served as a messenger to Tekuder's father on 1 May 1284 when Tekuder asked Alinaq to prepare for fight against pro-Arghun forces. However, the latter prevailed and Alinaq was executed on 4 July 1284 by Arghun. Under Arghun After his father's execution, Qurumushi inherited Alinaq's domains in modern Javakheti, his mingghan and his wife Kuchuk Khatun in levirate. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chupan
Amir Chūpān (; died October/November 1327), also spelt Choban or Coban, was a Chupanids, Chupanid noble of the Ilkhanate, and nominal general of the Mongol Empire. He was ennobled by Yesün Temür (Yuan dynasty), Emperor Taiding of Yuan as Duke of Yi (翊國公). Background Chupan's father Malek participated in the Siege of Baghdad (1258), Siege of Baghdad in 1258 while his uncle Akrunchi participated in a campaign in Georgia (country), Georgia in 1318. His grandfather was Tudaun from the Suldus clan and was directly descended from Chilaun, who was one of Genghis Khan's four great companions. Tudaun accompanied Hulagu Khan, Hulagu on his campaign against Golden Horde in 1262 and named as governor of Diyar Bakr, died in 1277 at Battle of Elbistan, the Battle of Elbistan. Early career He participated in a battle against Nogai Khan, Nogai of Golden Horde in 1289 during his 20s. Amir Chupan was mentioned as a supporter of Gaykhatu during the latter's successful campaign for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khvandamir
Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad, commonly known as Khvandamir (, also spelled Khwandamir; 1475/6 – 1535/6) was a Persian historian who was active in the Timurid, Safavid and Mughal empires. He is principally known for his Persian universal history, the '' Habib al-siyar'' (The beloved of careers), which was regarded by both the Safavids and Mughals as their first official court account. Another notable work by Khvandamir is the ''Qanun-i Humayuni'' (The regulations of Humayun), a biography of the Mughal emperor Humayun (), which contains important information regarding the early Mughal symbolism of rulership. Khvandamir is buried near the shrine of Nizamuddin Auliya (died 1325) in Delhi, India. Background Khvandamir was the son of Humam al-Din Muhammad, who was the vizier of Sultan Mahmud Mirza (), the ruler of the northern Timurid branch in Transoxiana. However, Khvandamir's family lived in Herat, the capital of the southern Timurids. Khvandamir was tutored by his maternal grandfath ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emir
Emir (; ' (), also Romanization of Arabic, transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic language, Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocratic, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a history of use in West Asia, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch of a sovereign principality, namely an emirate. The female, feminine form is emira ( '), with the same meaning as "princess". Prior to its use as a monarchical title, the term "emir" was historically used to denote a "commander", "general", or "leader" (for example, Amir al-Mu'min). In contemporary usage, "emir" is also sometimes used as either an honorary or formal title for the head of an Islamic, or Arab (regardless of relig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilkhan
Il Khan (also ''il-khan'', ''ilkhan'', ''elkhan'', etc.), in Turkic languages and Mongolian, is a title of leadership. It combines the title ''khan'' with the prefix ''el/il'', from the word ''ulus'' – 'tribe, clan', 'the people', 'nation', 'homeland', 'state', 'tribal union', etc. Meaning The exact meaning depends on context: *Khan of the nation. The earliest mention of a similar title in this meaning, namely "Illig Qaghan", refers to Bumin Qaghan and dates to 552 CE. (In fact, Nikolai Gumilyov transcribes Bumin's title as "ilkhan".) *More recently, the tribal chief that heads both branches of the Bakhtiari people, under whom several ''khans'' operate (20th century CE). In the context of the Hulaguid dynasty, commonly known as the Ilkhanate, the title ''Ilkhan'' was borne by the descendants of Hulagu and later other Borjigin princes in Persia, starting from c. 1259-1265. Two interpretations have been proposed: *'submissive', 'peaceable', 'obedient', or 'subservient' khan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khorasan Province
Khorasan ( ; also transcribed as Khurasan, Xorasan and Khorassan), also called Traxiane during Hellenistic and Parthian Empire, Parthian times, was a Provinces of Iran, province in northeastern Iran until September 2004, when it was divided into three new provinces: North Khorasan, South Khorasan, and Razavi Khorasan. Khorasan historically referred to a much larger area, comprising the east and the northeast of the Persian Empire. The name ''Khorāsān'' is Persian language, Persian and means "where the sun arrives from". The name was first given to the eastern province of Persian Empire, Persia during the Sasanian Empire and was used from the Late Middle Ages in distinction to neighbouring Transoxiana.Svat Soucek''A History of Inner Asia'' Cambridge University, Cambridge University Press, 2000, p.4C. Edmund Bosworth, (2002)'CENTRAL ASIA iv. In the Islamic Period up to the Mongols'''Encyclopaedia Iranica'' (online)C. Edmund Bosworth, (2011)'MĀ WARĀʾ AL-NAHR'''Encyclopaedia I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilan Province
Gilan Province () is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, in the northwest of the country and southwest of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Rasht. The province lies along the Caspian Sea, in Iran's Regions of Iran, Region 3, west of the province of Mazandaran, east of the province of Ardabil province, Ardabil, and north of the provinces of Zanjan province, Zanjan and Qazvin province, Qazvin. It borders Azerbaijan (Astara District) in the north. The northern section of the province is part of the territory of South (Iranian) Talysh (region), Talysh. At the center of the province is Rasht. Other cities include Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Astara, Iran, Astara, Fuman, Iran, Fuman, Hashtpar, Lahijan, Langarud, Masuleh, Manjil, Rudbar, Rudsar, Shaft, Iran, Shaft, Siahkal, and Sowme'eh Sara. The main port is Bandar-e Anzali, formerly known as Bandar-e Pahlavi. History Paleolithic Early humans were present at Gilan since Lower Paleolithic. Darband Cave is the earliest known hum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutuqa Beki
Qutuqa Beki (; ) — was a 13th century chief of the Oirats who played a major role in the formation of the Mongol Empire. Biography The first mentions of Qutuqa Beki in ''The Secret History of the Mongols'' date back to 1201, when a number of rulers of the Mongol tribes, including the Oirats, swore allegiance to Jamukha and chose him as a '' gurkhan'', pledging to fight against Genghis Khan. According to a story, he along with the Naiman king Buyruq Khan, used a ''jada'' or " thunder stone" to unleash a powerful storm on Genghis' army. But the magical ploy backfired when an unexpected wind blew the storm back at Qutuqa. Buyruq, troubled by this storm, left the alliance and retreated to the south side of the Altai Mountains. Subsequently, Genghis Khan defeated Jamukha and the Naimans, but the Oirats had not yet been conquered by the time the Mongol Empire was formed in 1206. Nevertheless, when in 1207 Genghis Khan gave his eldest son Jochi the order to conquer the "''forest p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Öljaitü
Öljaitü, also known as Mohammad-e Khodabandeh (24 March 1282 – 16 December 1316), was the eighth Ilkhanid dynasty ruler from 1304 to 1316 in Tabriz, Iran. His name 'Öjaitü' means 'blessed' in the Mongolian language and his last name 'Khodabandeh' means 'God's servant' in the Persian language. He was the son of the Ilkhan ruler Arghun, brother and successor of Mahmud Ghazan (5th successor of Genghis Khan), and great-grandson of the Ilkhanate founder Hulegu Khan. Early life Öljaitü was born to Arghun and his third wife, Keraite Christian Uruk Khatun on 24 March 1282 during his father's viceroyalty in Khorasan. He was given the name Khar-banda (mule driver) at birth, raised as Buddhist and later baptised in 1291, receiving the name Nikolya (''Nicholas'') after Pope Nicholas IV. However, according to ''Tarikh-i Uljaytu'' (History of Oljeitu), Öljeitu was at first known as "Öljei Buqa", and then "Temüder", and finally "Kharbanda". Various c. Same source also menti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghazan
Mahmud Ghazan (5 November 1271 – 11 May 1304) (, Ghazan Khan, sometimes westernized as Casanus was the seventh ruler of the Mongol Empire's Ilkhanate division in modern-day Iran from 1295 to 1304. He was the son of Arghun, grandson of Abaqa Khan and great-grandson of Hulegu Khan, continuing a long line of rulers who were direct descendants of Genghis Khan. Considered the most prominent of the Ilkhans, he is perhaps best known for converting to Islam and meeting Imam Ibn Taymiyya in 1295 when he took the throne, marking a turning point for the dominant religion of the Mongols in West Asia: Iran, Iraq, Anatolia, and the South Caucasus. One of his many principal wives was Kököchin, a Mongol princess (originally betrothed to Ghazan's father Arghun before his death) sent by his great-uncle Kublai Khan. Military conflicts during Ghazan's reign included war with the Mamluk Sultanate for control of Syria and battles with the Turko-Mongol Chagatai Khanate. Ghazan also pursued dipl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
